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BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Suicide | Research article

Global and reflective rumination are related to suicide attempts among patients experiencing major depressive episodes

Authors: Hao Tang, Tingting Xiong, Jiabo Shi, Yu Chen, Xiaoxue Liu, Siqi Zhang, Huan Wang, Qing Lu, Zhijian Yao

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

Recent attention has focused on the role of rumination in suicidality, with evidence indicating that rumination may be positively related to suicidal ideation. There remains disagreement on the nature of the relationship between rumination and suicide attempts, especially in major affective disorders. This study was designed to identify whether rumination is a risk factor for attempted suicide.

Methods

A total of 309 patients with major depressive episodes were recruited for this study, including 170 patients with major depression and 139 patients with bipolar disorder. All participants were categorized into two groups based on a series of clinical assessments: suicide attempters (n = 87) and non-suicide attempters (n = 222). Rumination was evaluated with the Ruminative Responses Scale. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the relationship between rumination and suicide attempts.

Results

Both global ruminative levels and the two subtypes of rumination, brooding and reflection, were significantly higher in the suicide attempters than the non-suicide attempters. After controlling for age, current depression and anxiety symptoms, and episode frequency, it was found that global rumination and reflection (but not brooding) were positively associated with suicide attempts.

Conclusion

These results suggest that rumination may be a risk factor for suicide attempts and highlight the maladaptive nature of reflection in patients with major depressive episodes.
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Metadata
Title
Global and reflective rumination are related to suicide attempts among patients experiencing major depressive episodes
Authors
Hao Tang
Tingting Xiong
Jiabo Shi
Yu Chen
Xiaoxue Liu
Siqi Zhang
Huan Wang
Qing Lu
Zhijian Yao
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03119-z

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