Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Affective Disorder | Research article

Association between pharmacotherapy for ADHD in offspring and depression-related specialty care visits by parents with a history of depression

Authors: Qi Chen, Henrik Larsson, Catarina Almqvist, Zheng Chang, Paul Lichtenstein, Brian M. D’Onofrio, Jonas F. Ludvigsson

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Pharmacotherapy is effective in reducing the core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We aimed to investigate the concurrent association between pharmacotherapy for ADHD in offspring and depression-related specialty care visits by the parents with a history of depression.

Methods

Using data from a variety of Swedish national registers, we conducted a cohort study with 8-year follow-up of 5605 parents (3872 mothers and 1733 fathers) who had a history of depression and an offspring diagnosed with ADHD. The hazard rate for parental depression-related specialty care visits during exposed periods when the offspring was on medication for treatment of ADHD was compared with the hazard rate during unexposed periods when the offspring was off medication. Within-individual comparisons were employed to control for time-constant confounding factors.

Results

Among mothers, the crude rates of depression-related specialty care visits during exposed and unexposed periods were 61.33 and 63.95 per 100 person-years, respectively. The corresponding rates among fathers were 49.23 and 54.65 per 100 person-years. When the same parent was compared with him or herself, fathers showed a decreased hazard rate for depression-related visits during exposed periods when the offspring was on medication for treatment of ADHD as compared to unexposed periods (hazard ratio, 0.79 [95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 0.90]). No statistically significant associations were observed in mothers.

Conclusions

Among parents with a history of depression, pharmacotherapy for ADHD in offspring is concurrently associated with a decreased rate of depression-related specialty care visits in fathers but not in mothers. Future research with refined measures of parental depression and other time-varying familial factors is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the association.
Literature
1.
Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA. Annual research review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56(3):345–65.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Stuhec M, Svab V, Locatelli I. Prevalence and incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Slovenian children and adolescents: a database study from a national perspective. Croat Med J. 2015;56(2):159–65.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
3.
4.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-IV-TR, 4th edn. Washington: American Psychiatric Press; 2000.
5.
Pliszka SR. Comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with psychiatric disorder: an overview. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59(Suppl 7):50–8.PubMed
6.
Harstad E, Levy S. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse. Pediatrics. 2014;134(1):e293–301.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Lichtenstein P, Halldner L, Zetterqvist J, Sjolander A, Serlachius E, Fazel S, Langstrom N, Larsson H. Medication for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and criminality. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(21):2006–14.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
8.
Dalsgaard S, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB, Nielsen HS, Simonsen M. Effect of drugs on the risk of injuries in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(8):702–9.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Fridman M, Banaschewski T, Sikirica V, Quintero J, Erder MH, Chen KS. Factors associated with caregiver burden among pharmacotherapy-treated children/adolescents with ADHD in the caregiver perspective on pediatric ADHD survey in Europe. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017;13:373–86.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
10.
Given B, Wyatt G, Given C, Sherwood P, Gift A, DeVoss D, Rahbar M. Burden and depression among caregivers of patients with cancer at the end of life. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2004;31(6):1105–17.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
11.
Sherwood PR, Given CW, Given BA, von Eye A. Caregiver burden and depressive symptoms: analysis of common outcomes in caregivers of elderly patients. J Aging Health. 2005;17(2):125–47.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Pirraglia PA, Bishop D, Herman DS, Trisvan E, Lopez RA, Torgersen CS, Van Hof AM, Anderson BJ, Miller I, Stein MD. Caregiver burden and depression among informal caregivers of HIV-infected individuals. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(6):510–4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
Barkley RA, Fischer M, Edelbrock C, Smallish L. The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria--III. Mother-child interactions, family conflicts and maternal psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1991;32(2):233–55.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Barkley RA, Anastopoulos AD, Guevremont DC, Fletcher KE. Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: mother-adolescent interactions, family beliefs and conflicts, and maternal psychopathology. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1992;20(3):263–88.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Woodward L, Taylor E, Dowdney L. The parenting and family functioning of children with hyperactivity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1998;39(2):161–9.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Faraone SV, Glatt SJ. A comparison of the efficacy of medications for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using meta-analysis of effect sizes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(6):754–63.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Faraone SV, Buitelaar J. Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;19(4):353–64.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Chang Z, Lichtenstein P, D'Onofrio BM, Sjolander A, Larsson H. Serious transport accidents in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the effect of medication: a population-based study. JAMA psychiatry. 2014;71(3):319–25.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Demontis D, Walters RK, Martin J, Mattheisen M, Als TD, Agerbo E, Baldursson G, Belliveau R, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Baekvad-Hansen M, et al. Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Genet. 2019;51(1):63–75.
20.
Kyriacou DN, Lewis RJ. Confounding by indication in clinical research. JAMA. 2016;316(17):1818–9.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Ludvigsson JF, Otterblad-Olausson P, Pettersson BU, Ekbom A. The Swedish personal identity number: possibilities and pitfalls in healthcare and medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(11):659–67.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Cnattingius S, Ericson A, Gunnarskog J, Kallen B. A quality study of a medical birth registry. Scand J Soc Med. 1990;18(2):143–8.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Ludvigsson JF, Andersson E, Ekbom A, Feychting M, Kim JL, Reuterwall C, Heurgren M, Olausson PO. External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:450.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Ludvigsson JF, Almqvist C, Bonamy AK, Ljung R, Michaelsson K, Neovius M, Stephansson O, Ye W. Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016;31(2):125–36.PubMedCrossRef
25.
26.
Swedish Medical Products Agency: Läkemedelsbehandling av ADHD. 2009.
27.
Wettermark B, Hammar N, Fored CM, Leimanis A, Otterblad Olausson P, Bergman U, Persson I, Sundstrom A, Westerholm B, Rosen M. The new Swedish prescribed drug register--opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16(7):726–35.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Chen Q, Sjolander A, Runeson B, D'Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H. Drug treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and suicidal behaviour: register based study. BMJ. 2014;348:g3769.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
Sweden S. Longitudinell integrationsdatabas för Sjukförsäkrings- och Arbetsmarknadsstudier (LISA) 1990–2009. In. Sweden: Statistics Sweden; 2011.
30.
31.
Chang Z, D'Onofrio BM, Quinn PD, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H. Medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for depression: a Nationwide longitudinal cohort study. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;80(12):916–22.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
32.
Ludvigsson JF, Haberg SE, Knudsen GP, Lafolie P, Zoega H, Sarkkola C, von Kraemer S, Weiderpass E, Norgaard M. Ethical aspects of registry-based research in the Nordic countries. Clin Epidemiol. 2015;7:491–508.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
33.
Hwang JW, Kim B, Kim Y, Kim TH, Seo WS, Shin DW, Woo YJ, Yoo H, Lee JS, Lee JH, et al. Methylphenidate-osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system treatment reduces parenting stress in parents of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013;28(6):600–7.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Kim JW, Park S, Kim BN, Shin MS, Cho SC, Kim JH, Son JW, Shin YM, Chung US, Han DH. Parental perceived benefits of OROS-methylphenidate treatment for the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and for parents themselves. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2013;46(4):137–46.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zwi M, Jones H, Thorgaard C, York A, Dennis JA. Parent training interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(12):Cd003018.
36.
Feenstra H, Grobbee RE, in’t Veld BA, Stricker BH. Confounding by contraindication in a nationwide cohort study of risk for death in patients taking ibopamine. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134(7):569–72.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Skoglund C, Chen Q, D'Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H. Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD in offspring. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2014;55(1):61–8.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Atkinson M, Hollis C. NICE guideline: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2010;95(1):24–7.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Association between pharmacotherapy for ADHD in offspring and depression-related specialty care visits by parents with a history of depression
Authors
Qi Chen
Henrik Larsson
Catarina Almqvist
Zheng Chang
Paul Lichtenstein
Brian M. D’Onofrio
Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2211-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

BMC Psychiatry 1/2019 Go to the issue

Research article

The impact of the Paris terrorist attacks on the mental health of resident physicians

Research article

Orthorexia nervosa, eating patterns and personality traits: a cross-cultural comparison of Italian, Polish and Spanish university students

Research article

An evaluation of large group cognitive behaviour therapy with mindfulness (CBTm) classes

Correction

Correction to: Are personnel with a past history of mental disorders disproportionately vulnerable to the effects of deployment-related trauma? A cross-sectional study of Canadian military personnel

Research article

Evaluation of a collaborative care model for integrated primary care of common mental disorders comorbid with chronic conditions in South Africa

Study protocol

Personalized at-home neurofeedback compared with long-acting methylphenidate in an european non-inferiority randomized trial in children with ADHD