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BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2018

Open Access 01-12-2018 | Research article

A new device-aided cognitive function test, User eXperience-Trail Making Test (UX-TMT), sensitively detects neuropsychological performance in patients with dementia and Parkinson’s disease

Authors: Naomi Kokubo, Yuma Yokoi, Yuji Saitoh, Miho Murata, Kazushi Maruo, Yoshitake Takebayashi, Issei Shinmei, Sadanobu Yoshimoto, Masaru Horikoshi

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Background

A newer generation neuropsychological tests can take advantage of touch screen and mobile technology. We have developed a new Android application termed “User eXperience-Trail Making Test (UX-TMT)” for neurocognitive assessment and training. This study investigated the utility, including the reliability and the validity, of the UX-TMT as a screening test for cognitive decline in adults.

Methods

A total of 84 individuals aged 27–86 years were divided into three groups; healthy controls ([HC] n = 29), people with Parkinson’s disease (PD; n = 28), and people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (MCI&D; n = 27). We examined the distributions of the scores and the time required, and the effects of age and group on these distributions. We analyzed internal consistency and convergent validity in all samples and applied receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine a cutoff score that could differentiate the MCI & D group from the HC group.

Results

97.6% of the participants completed all of the tasks, and the average total test time required for UX-TMT was 428.8 (± 109.1) s in the HC, 542.0 (± 168.7) s in the PD, and 777.5 (± 256.1) s in the MCI&D groups, respectively. The MCI&D group showed significantly lower UX-TMT scores and longer total time in completing the task than the HC group. In an ROC analysis, a score of 21 showed high sensitivity (.83) and specificity (.92), and the UX-TMT score plus age improved sensitivity to .96. Additionally, the UX-TMT scores showed significant correlation with the Mini-Mental State Examination (Japanese version) scores (r = .77, p = .001), and Cronbach’s alpha (.71–.83) indicated acceptable internal consistency.

Conclusion

The UX-TMT demonstrated high reliability and validity to detect cognitive decline in Japanese adults, highlighting its utility as a screening tool for epidemiological and clinical research.
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Metadata
Title
A new device-aided cognitive function test, User eXperience-Trail Making Test (UX-TMT), sensitively detects neuropsychological performance in patients with dementia and Parkinson’s disease
Authors
Naomi Kokubo
Yuma Yokoi
Yuji Saitoh
Miho Murata
Kazushi Maruo
Yoshitake Takebayashi
Issei Shinmei
Sadanobu Yoshimoto
Masaru Horikoshi
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1795-7

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