Top

BMC Psychiatry

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Anxiety and depression among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and general population in rural Nepal

Authors: Niresh Thapa, Muna Maharjan, Tirtha Man Shrestha, Srijana Gauchan, Prakash Pun, Yam Bahadur Thapa

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

Background

Anxiety and depression are usually under diagnosed among the patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which has a negative impact on patient quality of life through restriction of activities, loss of independence, and decreased social functioning. The purpose of this study was to describe the levels and characteristics of anxiety and depression in patients with COPD in Nepal as compared to the general population.

Methods

A hospital-based observational comparative analytical study was conducted in the United Mission Hospital, Tansen and the Okhaldhunga Community Hospital, Okhaldhunga, Nepal from June 1st 2015 to April 15th 2016. A convenience sample of two groups of participants were recruited: patients with COPD (study group) and visitors to the facility (comparison group). Anxiety and depression were measured with the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory Scale.

Results

A total of 198 individuals participated in the study; 93 with COPD and 105 from the general population. The mean age of the respondents was 58.24 ± 12.04 (40-82) years. The mean scores for anxiety and depression in COPD group were 23.76± 9.51 and 27.72± 9.37 respectively, while in comparison group, the mean score for anxiety was 8.01± 6.83 and depression was 11.60 ± 8.42. Both anxiety and depression scores were statistically significant between the groups with p value <0.001.

Conclusions

Anxiety and depression were almost three times more common in COPD patients compared to the participants from the general population. Early assessment and multi-model treatment of anxiety and depression should be part of management in COPD.

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease GOLD executive summary. 2017. Available from: www.goldcopd.org

World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases in the South-East Asia region. 2011 [cited 2017 Apr 29]. Available from: http://www.searo.who.int/nepal/mediacentre/2011_non_communicable_diseases_in_the_south_east_asia_region.pdf?ua=1

Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson LJ, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Joseph L. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 19th ed. Newyork: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2015 [cited 2017 Apr 29]. Available from: http://www.harrisonsim.com/

Ansari M, Rao BS, Koju R, Shakya R. Impact of pharmaceutical intervention on inhalation technique. KATHMANDU Univ. J Sci Eng Technol. 2005 [cited 2017 Mar 29]; Available from: http://www.ku.edu.np/kuset/aej/mukhtar.pdf

Pandey MR. Domestic smoke pollution and chronic bronchitis in a rural community of the hill region of Nepal. Thorax. 1984;39:337–339. [cited 2017 Apr 29]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC459798/pdf/thorax00221-0017.pdf

Cleland JA, Lee AJ, Hall S. Associations of depression and anxiety with gender, age, health-related quality of life and symptoms in primary care COPD patients. Fam Pract. 2007;24:217–23.CrossRefPubMed

Ng T-P, Tan W-C, Cao Z, Ong K-C. Depressive symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease effect on mortality, hospital readmission, symptom burden, functional status, and quality of life. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(1):60–7.CrossRefPubMed

Robert P, Carson Alan RG. ABC of psychological medicine: depression in medical patients. BMJ. 2002;325:149–52.CrossRef

Maurer J, Rebbapragada V, Borson S, Goldstein R, Kunik ME, Yohannes AM, et al. Anxiety and depression in COPD: current understanding, unanswered questions, and research needs. Chest. 2008 [cited 2017 Apr 29];134. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849676/pdf/nihms101564.pdf

10.

Risal A, Manandhar K, Linde M, Steiner TJ, Holen A. Anxiety and depression in Nepal: prevalence, comorbidity and associations. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:102. [cited 2017 Apr 19]. Available from: http://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-016-0810-0.

11.

Putman-Casdorph H, McCrone S. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety, and depression: state of the science. Heart Lung. 2009;38:34–47. [cited 2017 Mar 29]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0147956308000241

12.

Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561–571. [cited 2017 Mar 29]. Available from: http://counsellingresource.com/lib/wp-content/managed-media/Beck_AT_1961.pdf

13.

Groth-Marnat G. Handbook of Psycholgical assessment. 4th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & SOns, Inc; 2003.

14.

Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA, others. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893–897. [cited 2017 Mar 29]. Available from: http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893

15.

Wittchen HU, Jacobi F, Rehm J, Gustavsson A, Svensson M, Jonsson B, et al. The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21:655–679. [cited 2017 Apr 29]. Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0924977X11001726/1-s2.0-S0924977X11001726-main.pdf?_tid=fa7b1c88-2cfc-11e7-9a78-00000aacb360&acdnat=1493485250_9514d102559eca7e3d4439100951f748

16.

Pumar MI, Gray CR, Walsh JR, et al. Anxiety and depression - important psychological comorbidities of COPD. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6:1615–31.PubMedPubMedCentral

17.

Asnaashari AMH, Talaei A, Haghighi MB. Evaluation of psychological status in patients with asthma and COPD. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012;11:65–71. [cited 2017 Apr 20]. Available from: http://ijaai.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijaai/article/view/332

18.

Di Marco F, Verga M, Reggente M, Maria Casanova F, Santus P, Blasi F, et al. Anxiety and depression in COPD patients: the roles of gender and disease severity. Respir. Med. 2006;100:1767–1774. [cited 2017 Mar 29]. Available from: http://www.resmedjournal.com/article/S0954-6111(06)00060-6/pdf

19.

Kunik ME, Roundy K, Veazey C, Souchek J, Richardson P, Wray NP, et al. Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders. Chest. 2005;127:1205–1211. [cited 2017 Mar 29]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012369215344688

20.

Pooler A, Beech R. Examining the relationship between anxiety and depression and exacerbations of COPD which result in hospital admission: a systematic review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:315–330. [cited 2017 Apr 20]. Available from: https://www.dovepress.com/examining-the-relationship-between-anxiety-and-depression-and-exacerba-peer-reviewedfulltext-article-COPD.

Title: Anxiety and depression among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and general population in rural Nepal
Authors: Niresh Thapa
Muna Maharjan
Tirtha Man Shrestha
Srijana Gauchan
Prakash Pun
Yam Bahadur Thapa
Publication date: 01-12-2017
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1550-5

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Anxiety and depression among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and general population in rural Nepal

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Gender differences in characteristics of physical and sexual victimization in patients with dual diagnosis: a cross-sectional study

Acculturation and other risk factors of depressive disorders in individuals with Turkish migration backgrounds

A vicious cycle among cognitions and behaviors enhancing risk for eating disorders

Gender differences in patterns of drug use and sexual risky behaviour among crack cocaine users in Central Brazil

Self-assessment of the mental health status in older adults in Poland: a cross-sectional study

Perceived coercion in psychiatric hospital admission: validation of the French-language version of the MacArthur Admission Experience Survey