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BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Exploring the presence of narcolepsy in patients with schizophrenia

Authors: Gemma Sansa, Alba Gavaldà, Carles Gaig, José Monreal, Guadalupe Ercilla, Roser Casamitjana, Gisela Ribera, Alex Iranzo, Joan Santamaria

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

There are several case reports of patients with narcolepsy and schizophrenia, but a systematic examination of the association of both disorders has not been done. The aim of this work is to assess the frequency of narcolepsy with cataplexy in a large consecutive series of adult patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

Methods

We screened 366 consecutive patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with a sleep questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepines scale (ESS) exploring narcoleptiform symptoms. Those who screened positive were assessed by a sleep specialist, and offered an HLA determination. CSF hypocretin-1 determination was proposed to those who were HLA DQB1*06:02 positive.

Results

On the screening questionnaire, 17 patients had an ESS score ≥11 without cataplexy, 15 had cataplexy-like symptoms with an ESS score < 11, and four had an ESS score ≥11 plus cataplexy-like symptoms. Of those, 24 patients were evaluated by a sleep specialist. Five of these 24 were HLA DQB1*06:02 positive, and three of these five subjects underwent lumbar puncture showing normal hypocretin-1 levels.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that narcolepsy with cataplexy is not an unrecognized disease in adult patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Exploring the presence of narcolepsy in patients with schizophrenia
Authors
Gemma Sansa
Alba Gavaldà
Carles Gaig
José Monreal
Guadalupe Ercilla
Roser Casamitjana
Gisela Ribera
Alex Iranzo
Joan Santamaria
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0859-9

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