Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Development and psychometric properties of the client’s assessment of treatment scale for supported accommodation (CAT-SA)

Authors: Sima Sandhu, Helen Killaspy, Joanna Krotofil, Peter McPherson, Isobel Harrison, Sarah Dowling, Maurice Arbuthnott, Sarah Curtis, Michael King, Gerard Leavey, Geoff Shepherd, Stefan Priebe

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are important for evaluating mental health services. Yet, no specific PROM exists for the large and diverse mental health supported accommodation sector. We aimed to produce and validate a PROM specifically for supported accommodation services, by adapting the Client’s Assessment of Treatment Scale (CAT) and assessing its psychometric properties in a large sample.

Methods

Focus groups with service users in the three main types of mental health supported accommodation services in the United Kingdom (residential care, supported housing and floating outreach) were conducted to adapt the contents of the original CAT items and assess the acceptability of the modified scale (CAT-SA). The CAT-SA was then administered in a survey to service users across England. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Convergent validity was tested through correlations with subjective quality of life and satisfaction with accommodation, as measured by the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA).

Results

All seven original items of the CAT were regarded as relevant to appraisals of mental health supported accommodation services, with only slight modifications to the wording required. In the survey, data were obtained from 618 clients. The internal consistency of the CAT-SA items was 0.89. Mean CAT-SA scores were correlated with the specific accommodation item on the MANSA (r s  = 0.37, p˂.001).

Conclusions

The content of the CAT-SA has relevance to service users living in mental health supported accommodation. The findings from our large survey show that the CAT-SA is acceptable across different types of supported accommodation and suggest good psychometric properties. The CAT-SA appears a valid and easy to use PROM for service users in mental health supported accommodation services.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Evans C, Connell J, Barkham M, Margison F, McGrath G, Mellor-Clark J, et al. Towards a standardised brief outcome measure: psychometric properties and utility of the CORE-OM. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;180:51–60.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Department of Health. Guidance on the Routine Collection of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). London: Department of Health; 2009.
3.
Fitzpatrick R. Patient-reported outcomes: opportunities and challenges. London: Medical Research Council; 2009.
4.
National Association of Patient Participation. Promoting quality and responsiveness. Walton on Thames. Surrey: National Association for Patient Participation; 2009.
5.
The Patient Association. Your experience counts: patient experience survey. Harlow, Middlesex: The Patient Association; 2009.
6.
United States Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry. Patient-reported outcomes measures: use in medical product development to support labelling claims. Silver Spring, MD: FDA; 2006.
7.
McCabe R, Saidi M, Priebe S. Patient-reported outcomes in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 2007;50:s21–8.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Group. An overview of patient-reported outcome measures for people with anxiety and depression: report for the Department of Health. Oxford: University of Oxford; 2009.
9.
Reininghaus U, McCabe R, Burns T, Croudace T, Priebe S. Measuring patients' views: a bifactor model of distinct patient-reported outcomes in psychosis. Psychol Med. 21;41:277–89.
10.
Reininghaus U, Priebe S. Measuring patient-reported outcomes in psychosis: conceptual and methodological review. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;201:262–7.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Ashton T, Hempenstall C. Research into the financial benefits of the supporting people programme: report for the Department for Communities and Local Government. London: Capgemini; 2009.
12.
Strategy MH. National Survey of Investment in Mental Health Services. London: Department of Health; 2011/12. p. 2012.
13.
Fakhoury W, Priebe S. The process of deinstitutionalization: an international overview. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2002;15:187–92.CrossRef
14.
Fakhoury W, Priebe S. Deinstitutionalization and reinstitutionalization: major changes in the provision of mental healthcare. Psychiatry. 2007;6:313–16.CrossRef
15.
16.
Department of Health. The national service framework for mental health. London: Department of Health; 1999.
17.
18.
Department of Community and Local Government. Research into the effectiveness of floating support services for the supporting reople programme. London: Final Report Communities and Local Government; 2006.
19.
Statistics N. Community care statistics: supported residents (adults). London: The Information Centre, Part of the Government Statistical Service; 2006.
20.
Brunt D, Tibblin L. Supported housing and housing support for the psychiatrically disabled: background, policies, practises and current changes. Aotearoa NZ Soc Work. 2011;23:54–65.
21.
Carpenter M. Residential placement for chronic psychiatric patients: a review and evaluation of the literature. Schizophr Bull. 1978;4:384–98.CrossRef
22.
23.
Fakhoury W, Murrey A, Shepherd G, Priebe S. Research in supported housing. Soc Psych Psych Epid. 2002;37:301–15.CrossRef
24.
Johnson R. Pervasive interactions: a purposive best evidence review with methodological observations on the impact of housing circumstances and housing interventions on adult mental health and well-being. Housing, Care and Support. 2013;16:32–49.CrossRef
25.
Nelson G. Housing for people with serious mental illness: approaches, evidence and transformative change. J Sociol Soc Welfare. 2010;37:123–46.
26.
Johnson R, Griffiths C, Nottingham T. At home? Mental health issues arising in social housing. London: NIMHE; 2006.
27.
Priebe S, Saidi M, Want A, Mangalore R, Knapp M. Housing services for people with mental disorders in England: patient characteristics, care provision and costs. S Soc Psych Psych Epid. 2009;44:805–14.CrossRef
28.
Priebe S, Gruyters T. Patients’ and caregivers’ initial assessments of treatment predicting hospitalisation. Schizophr Bull. 1995;21:87–94.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Kallert TW, Priebe S, McCabe R, Kiejna A, Rymaszewska J, Nawka P, et al. Are day hospitals effective for acutely ill psychiatric patients? a european multicentre randomised controlled trial. J Clin Psych. 2007;68:278–87.CrossRef
30.
Priebe S, Barnicot K, McCabe R, Kiejna A, Nawka P, Raboch J, et al. Patients' subjective initial response and the outcome of inpatient and day hospital treatment. Eur Psychiat. 2011;26:408–13.CrossRef
31.
Katsakou C, Bowers L, Amos T, Morriss R, Rose D, Wykes T, et al. Coercion and treatment satisfaction among involuntary patients. Psychiat Serv. 2010;61:286–92.CrossRef
32.
Priebe S, Katsakou C, Amos T, Leese M, Morriss R, Rose D, et al. Patients’ views and readmissions 1 year after involuntary hospitalisation. B J Psychiat. 2009;194:49–54.CrossRef
33.
Richardson M, Katsakou C, Torres-González F, Onchev G, Kallert T, Priebe S. Factorial validity and measurement equivalence of the clients assessment of treatment scale for psychiatric inpatient care - a study in three european countries. Psychiat Res. 2011;118:156–60.CrossRef
34.
Priebe S, Huxley P, Knight S, Evans S. Application and results of the Manchester short assessment of quality if life (MANSA). Int J Soc Psychiatr. 1999;45:7–12.CrossRef
35.
Cronbach LJ. Test validation. In: Thorndike RL, editor. Educational Measurement. Washington DC: American Council on Education; 1971. p. 443–507.
36.
Priebe S, Saidi M, Kennedy J, Glover G. How to select representative geographical areas in mental health service research: a method to combine different selection criteria. Soc Psych Psych Epid. 2008;43:1004–7.CrossRef
37.
Karow A, Wittman L, Schöttle D, Schäfer I, Lambert M. The assessment of quality of life in clinical practice in patients with schizophrenia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2014;16:185–95.PubMedCentralPubMed
38.
Priebe S, Reininghaus U, McCabe R, Burns T, Eklund M, Hansson L, et al. Factors influencing subjective quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and other mental disorders: a pooled analysis. Schizophr Res. 2010;121:251–8.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychpmetrika. 1951;297–334.
40.
Cortina JM. What is coefficient alpha? an examination of theory and applications. J Appl Psychol. 1993;78:98–104.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Development and psychometric properties of the client’s assessment of treatment scale for supported accommodation (CAT-SA)
Authors
Sima Sandhu
Helen Killaspy
Joanna Krotofil
Peter McPherson
Isobel Harrison
Sarah Dowling
Maurice Arbuthnott
Sarah Curtis
Michael King
Gerard Leavey
Geoff Shepherd
Stefan Priebe
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0755-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

BMC Psychiatry 1/2016 Go to the issue

Research article

Genomic ancestry and the social pathways leading to major depression in adulthood: the mediating effect of socioeconomic position and discrimination

Research article

Integrated care in German mental health services as benefit for relatives – a qualitative study

Research article

Metformin in prevention and treatment of antipsychotic induced weight gain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Research article

Psychopathological Functioning Levels (PFLs) and their possible relevance in psychiatric treatments: a qualitative research project

Study protocol

Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) as a treatment enhancer of eating disorders and obsessive compulsive disorders: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Research article

The influence of 5-HTTLPR and Val66Met polymorphisms on cortical thickness and volume in limbic and paralimbic regions in depression: a preliminary study