Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Pediatrics
Published in: BMC Pediatrics 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Study protocol

Study protocol: families and childhood transitions study (FACTS) – a longitudinal investigation of the role of the family environment in brain development and risk for mental health disorders in community based children

Authors: J.G. Simmons, O.S. Schwartz, K. Bray, C. Deane, E. Pozzi, S. Richmond, J. Smith, N. Vijayakumar, M.L. Byrne, M.L. Seal, M.B.H. Yap, N.B. Allen, S.L. Whittle

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Extant research has demonstrated that parenting behaviour can be a significant contributor to the development of brain structure and mental health during adolescence. Nonetheless, there is limited research examining these relationships during late childhood, and particularly in the critical period of brain development occurring between 8 and 10 years of age. The effects of the family environment on the brain during late childhood may have significant implications for later functioning, and particularly mental health. The Families and Childhood Transitions Study (FACTS) is a multidisciplinary longitudinal cohort study of brain development and mental health, with two waves of data collection currently funded, occurring 18-months apart, when child participants are aged approximately 8- and 10-years old.

Methods/design

Participants are 163 children (M age [SD] = 8.44 [0.34] years, 76 males) and their mothers (M age [SD] = 40.34 [5.43] years). Of the 163 families who consented to participate, 156 completed a video-recorded and observer-coded dyadic interaction task and 153 completed a child magnetic resonance imaging brain scan at baseline. Families were recruited from lower socioeconomic status (SES) areas to maximise rates of social disadvantage and variation in parenting behaviours. All experimental measures and tasks completed at baseline are repeated at an 18-month follow-up, excluding the observer coded family interaction tasks. The baseline assessment was completed in October 2015, and the 18-month follow up will be completed May 2017.

Discussion

This study, by examining the neurobiological and mental health consequences of variations in parenting, has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of child development and risk processes. Recruitment of lower SES families will also allow assessment of resilience factors given the poorer outcomes often associated with this population.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Whittle S, Vijayakumar N, Dennison M, Schwartz O, Simmons JG, Sheeber L, et al. Observed measures of negative parenting predict brain development during adolescence. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0147774.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
2.
Ganella DE, Allen NB, Simmons JG, Schwartz O, Kim JH, Sheeber L, et al. Early life stress alters pituitary growth during adolescence-a longitudinal study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015;53C:185–94.CrossRef
3.
Schwartz OS, Byrne ML, Simmons JG, Whittle S, Dudgeon P, Yap MBH, et al. Parenting during early adolescence and adolescent onset major depression: a six-year prospective longitudinal study. Clinical Psychological Science. 2014;2(3):272–86.CrossRef
4.
Whittle S, Simmons JG, Dennison M, Vijayakumar N, Schwartz O, Yap MB, et al. Positive parenting predicts the development of adolescent brain structure: a longitudinal study. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2014;8:7–17.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Whittle S, Yap MB, Sheeber L, Dudgeon P, Yucel M, Pantelis C, et al. Hippocampal volume and sensitivity to maternal aggressive behavior: a prospective study of adolescent depressive symptoms. Dev Psychopathol. 2011;23(1):115–29.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Yap MB, Allen NB, O'Shea M, di Parsia P, Simmons JG, Sheeber L. Early adolescents’ temperament, emotion regulation during mother-child interactions, and depressive symptomatology. Dev Psychopathol. 2011;23(1):267–82.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Whittle S, Yap MB, Yucel M, Sheeber L, Simmons JG, Pantelis C, et al. Maternal responses to adolescent positive affect are associated with adolescents’ reward neuroanatomy. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2009;4(3):247–56.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
8.
Whittle S, Yap M, Yücel M, Fornito A, Sheeber L, Simmons JG, et al. Prefrontal and amygdala volumes are related to adolescents’ affective behaviors during parent-adolescent interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(9):3652–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Yap MB, Whittle S, Yucel M, Sheeber L, Pantelis C, Simmons JG, et al. Interaction of parenting experiences and brain structure in the prediction of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(12):1377–85.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Frye RE, Malmberg B, Swank P, Smith K, Landry S. Preterm birth and maternal responsiveness during childhood are associated with brain morphology in adolescence. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010;16(5):784–94.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Rao H, Betancourt L, Giannetta JM, Brodsky NL, Korczykowski M, Avants BB, et al. Early parental care is important for hippocampal maturation: evidence from brain morphology in humans. NeuroImage. 2010;49(1):1144–50.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Luby JL, Barch DM, Belden A, Gaffrey MS, Tillman R, Babb C, et al. Maternal support in early childhood predicts larger hippocampal volumes at school age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(8):2854–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
Spear LP. The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000;24(4):417–63.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Kim S, Brody GH. Longitudinal pathways to psychological adjustment among black youth living in single-parent households. J Fam Psychol. 2005;19(2):305–13.PubMedCrossRef
15.
16.
Garber J, Robinson NS, Valentiner D. The relation between parenting and adolescent depression: self-worth as a mediator. J Adolesc Res. 1997;12(1):12–33.CrossRef
17.
Ge X, Conger RD, Lorenz FO, Simons RL. Parents’ stressful life events and adolescent depressed mood. J Health Soc Behav. 1994;35(1):28–44.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Hops H, Davis B, Longoria N. Methodological issues in direct observation - illustrations with the living in familial environments (LIFE) coding system. J Clin Child Psychol. 1995;24(2):193–203.CrossRef
19.
Park IJK, Garber J, Ciesla JA, Ellis BJ. Convergence among multiple methods of measuring positivity and negativity in the family environment: relation to depression in mothers and their children. J Fam Psychol. 2008;22(1):123–34.PubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Pavlidis K, McCauley E. Autonomy and relatedness in family interactions with depressed adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2001;29(1):11–21.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Sheeber L, Hops H, Davis B. Family processes in adolescent depression. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2001;4(1):19–35.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Sheeber LB, Davis B, Leve C, Hops H, Tildesley E. Adolescents’ relationships with their mothers and fathers: associations with depressive disorder and subdiagnostic symptomatology. J Abnorm Psychol. 2007;116(1):144–54.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Teicher MH, Samson JA, Polcari A, McGreenery CE. Sticks, stones, and hurtful words: relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(6):993–1000.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Yap MB, Allen NB, Ladouceur CD. Maternal socialization of positive affect: the impact of invalidation on adolescent emotion regulation and depressive symptomatology. Child Dev. 2008;79(5):1415–31.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Schwartz OS, Dudgeon P, Sheeber LB, Yap MB, Simmons JG, Allen NB. Parental behaviors during family interactions predict changes in depression and anxiety symptoms during adolescence. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012;40(1):59–71.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Schwartz OS, Dudgeon P, Sheeber LB, Yap MB, Simmons JG, Allen NB. Observed maternal responses to adolescent behaviour predict the onset of major depression. Behav Res Ther. 2011;49(5):331–8.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Sheeber L, Hops H, Alpert A, Davis B, Andrews J. Family support and conflict: prospective relations to adolescent depression. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1997;25(4):333–44.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Bateson P, Barker D, Clutton-Brock T, Deb D, D'Udine B, Foley RA, et al. Developmental plasticity and human health. Nature. 2004;430(6998):419–21.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Cicchetti D. The impact of social experience on neurobiological systems: illustration from a constructivist view of child maltreatment. Cogn Dev. 2002;17(3–4):1407–28.CrossRef
30.
Huttenlocher PR, Dabholkar AS. Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol. 1997;387:167–78.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Anisman H, Zaharia MD, Meaney MJ, Merali AZ. Do early-life events permanently alter behavioral and hormonal responses to stressors? Int J Dev Neurosci. 1998;16(3–4):149–64.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Levine S, Wiener SG, Coe CL. Temporal and social factors influencing behavioral and hormonal responses to separation in mother and infant squirrel monkeys. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1993;18(4):297–306.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Makino S, Smith MA, Gold PW. Increased expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus during repeated stress: association with reduction in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels. Endocrinology. 1995;136(8):3299–309.PubMedCrossRef
34.
McCrory E, De Brito SA, Viding E. Research review: the neurobiology and genetics of maltreatment and adversity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010;51(10):1079–95.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Tottenham N, Sheridan MA. A review of adversity, the amygdala and the hippocampus: a consideration of developmental timing. Front Hum Neurosci. 2010;3:68.PubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Dedovic K, Duchesne A, Andrews J, Engert V, Pruessner JC. The brain and the stress axis: the neural correlates of cortisol regulation in response to stress. NeuroImage. 2009;47(3):864–71.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Diorio D, Viau V, Meaney MJ. The role of the medial prefrontal cortex (cingulate gyrus) in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress. J Neurosci. 1993;13(9):3839–47.PubMed
38.
Edmiston EE, Wang F, Mazure CM, Guiney J, Sinha R, Mayes LC, et al. Corticostriatal-limbic gray matter morphology in adolescents with self-reported exposure to childhood maltreatment. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine. 2011;165(12):1069–77.CrossRef
39.
Tupler LA, De Bellis MD. Segmented hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;59(6):523–9.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Schwartz, O.S., J.G. Simmons, S. Whittle, M.L. Byrne, M.B.H. Yap, L.B. Sheeber, et al., Affective Parenting Behaviors, Adolescent Depression, and Brain Development: A Review of Findings from the Orygen Adolescent Development Study. Child Development Perspectives, In Press. Accepted October 2016.
41.
Belsky J, de Haan M. Annual research review: parenting and children's brain development: the end of the beginning. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011;52(4):409–28.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Whittle S, Lichter R, Dennison M, Vijayakumar N, Schwartz O, Byrne ML, et al. Structural brain development and depression onset during adolescence: a prospective longitudinal study. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;171(5):564–71.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Luby J, Belden A, Botteron K, Marrus N, Harms MP, Babb C, et al. The effects of poverty on childhood brain development: the mediating effect of caregiving and stressful life events. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(12):1135–42.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Luby JL, Belden A, Harms MP, Tillman R, Barch DM. Preschool is a sensitive period for the influence of maternal support on the trajectory of hippocampal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(20):5742–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Kok R, Thijssen S, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Jaddoe VW, Verhulst FC, White T, et al. Normal variation in early parental sensitivity predicts child structural brain development. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;54(10):824–31.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Matsudaira I, Yokota S, Hashimoto T, Takeuchi H, Asano K, Asano M, et al. Parental praise correlates with posterior insular cortex gray matter volume in children and adolescents. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0154220.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
47.
Lipina SJ, Colombo JA. Poverty and Brain Development During Childhood: An Approach from Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience. Human development series. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2009.CrossRef
48.
Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA. From neurons to neighborhoods: the science of early childhood development. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2000.
49.
Knutson JF, DeGarmo DS, Reid JB. Social disadvantage and neglectful parenting as precursors to the development of antisocial and aggressive child behavior: testing a theoretical model. Aggress Behav. 2004;30(3):187–205.CrossRef
50.
Chilcoat HD, Breslau N, Anthony JC. Potential barriers to parent monitoring: social disadvantage, marital status, and maternal psychiatric disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35(12):1673–82.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Hill NE, Herman-Stahl MA. Neighborhood safety and social involvement: associations with parenting behaviors and depressive symptoms among African American and euro-American mothers. J Fam Psychol. 2002;16(2):209–19.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Burchinal M, Roberts JE, Zeisal SA, Hennon EA, Hooper S. Social risk and protective child, parenting, and child care factors in early elementary school years. Parenting. 2006;6(1):79–113.CrossRef
53.
Flouri E, Midouhas E, Joshi H, Tzavidis N. Emotional and behavioural resilience to multiple risk exposure in early life: the role of parenting. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;24(7):745–55.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Brody GH, Dorsey S, Forehand R, Armistead L. Unique and protective contributions of parenting and classroom processes to the adjustment of African American children living in single-parent families. Child Dev. 2002;73(1):274–86.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Halligan SL, Herbert J, Goodyer IM, Murray L. Exposure to postnatal depression predicts elevated cortisol in adolescent offspring. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55(4):376–81.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Simmons JG, Byrne ML, Schwartz OS, Whittle SL, Sheeber L, Kaess M, et al. Dual-axis hormonal covariation in adolescence and the moderating influence of prior trauma and aversive maternal parenting. Dev Psychobiol. 2015;57(6):670–87.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Treadway MT, Grant MM, Ding Z, Hollon SD, Gore JC, Shelton RC. Early adverse events, HPA activity and rostral anterior cingulate volume in MDD. PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4887.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
58.
Statistics, A.B.S.A.B.o.. Building on SEIFA: Finer Levels of Socio-Economic Summary Measures. 2013, Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra, ACT.
59.
Gresham, F.M. and S.N. Elliot, Social skills Improvement system rating scales. 2008, NCS Pearson: Minneapolis, MN.
60.
Gilboa, E. and W. Revelle, Personality and the structure of affective responses., in Emotions: Essays on Emotion Theory., S.H.M.V. Goozen, N.E.V.D. Poll, and J.A. Sergeant, Editors. 1994, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.: Hillsdale, New Jersey.
61.
MacPhillamy, D.J. and P.M. Lewinsohn, Manual for the Pleasant events Schedule. 1976, Eugene, OR: University of Oregon.
62.
Prinz RJ, Foster S, Kent RN, O'Leary KD. Multivariate assessment of conflict in distressed and nondistressed mother-adolescent dyads. J Appl Behav Anal. 1979;12(4):691–700.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
Holmbeck GN, Zebracki K, Johnson SZ, Belvedere M, Hommeyer JS. Parent-child interaction macro-coding manual. Chicago: Loyola University; 2007.
64.
Holmbeck GN, Belvedere M, Gorey-Fergson L, Schneider J. Manual for family macro-coding. Chicago: Loyola University; 1995.
65.
Smetana JG, Yau J, Restrepo A, Braeges JL. Adolescent-parent conflict in married and divorced families. Dev Psychol. 1991;27:1000–10.CrossRef
66.
Holmbeck GN, Westhoven VC, Phillips WS, Bowers R, Gruse C, Nikolopoulos T, et al. A multimethod, multi-informant, and multidimensional perspective on psychosocial adjustment in preadolescents with spina bifida. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71(4):782–96.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Hariri AR, Bookheimer SY, Mazziotta JC. Modulating emotional responses: effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system. Neuroreport. 2000;11(1):43–8.PubMedCrossRef
68.
Granger DA, Kivlighan KT, Fortunato C, Harmon AG, Hibel LC, Schwartz EB, et al. Integration of salivary biomarkers into developmental and behaviorally-oriented research: problems and solutions for collecting specimens. Physiol Behav. 2007;92(4):583–90.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Byrne ML, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Reynolds EC, Walsh KA, Laughton K, Waloszek JM, et al. Acute phase protein and cytokine levels in serum and saliva: a comparison of detectable levels and correlations in a depressed and healthy adolescent sample. Brain Behav Immun. 2013;34:164–75.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Simmons JG, Whittle SL, Patton GC, Dudgeon P, Olsson C, Byrne ML, et al. Study protocol: imaging brain development in the childhood to adolescence transition study (iCATS). BMC Pediatr. 2014;14:115–24.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
71.
Nemoda Z, Horvat-Gordon M, Fortunato CK, Beltzer EK, Scholl JL, Granger DA. Assessing genetic polymorphisms using DNA extracted from cells present in saliva samples. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2011;11:170.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
72.
Simmons JG, Badcock PB, Whittle SL, Byrne ML, Mundy L, Patton GC, et al. The lifetime experience of traumatic events is associated with hair cortisol concentrations in community-based children. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;63:276–81.PubMedCrossRef
73.
LeBeau MA, Montgomery MA, Brewer JD. The role of variations in growth rate and sample collection on interpreting results of segmental analyses of hair. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;210(1–3):110–6.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Sauve B, Koren G, Walsh G, Tokmakejian S, Van Uum SH. Measurement of cortisol in human hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure. Clin Investig Med. 2007;30(5):E183–91.CrossRef
75.
Meyer J, Novak M, Hamel A, Rosenberg K. Extraction and analysis of cortisol from human and monkey hair. J Vis Exp. 2014;83:e50882.
76.
Davenport MD, Tiefenbacher S, Lutz CK, Novak MA, Meyer JS. Analysis of endogenous cortisol concentrations in the hair of rhesus macaques. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2006;147(3):255–61.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, et al. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(7):980–8.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Wechsler, D., Wechsler intelligence scale for children–fourth edition (WISC-IV). 2003, The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX.
79.
Devine RT, Hughes C. Silent films and strange stories: theory of mind, gender, and social experiences in middle childhood. Child Dev. 2013;84(3):989–1003.PubMedCrossRef
80.
81.
Reuter M, Schmansky NJ, Rosas HD, Fischl B. Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis. NeuroImage. 2012;61(4):1402–18.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
82.
83.
Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 2004;36(4):717–31.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Giedd JN, Blumenthal J, Jeffries NO, Castellanos FX, Liu H, Zijdenbos A, et al. Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nat Neurosci. 1999;2(10):861–3.PubMedCrossRef
85.
Brain Development Cooperative, G. Total and regional brain volumes in a population-based normative sample from 4 to 18 years: the NIH MRI study of normal brain development. Cereb Cortex. 2012;22(1):1–12.CrossRef
86.
Greenough WT, Black JE, Wallace CS. Experience and brain development. Child Dev. 1987;58(3):539–59.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Loman MM, Gunnar MR. Early experience and the development of stress reactivity and regulation in children. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010;34(6):867–76.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Tarullo AR, Gunnar MR. Child maltreatment and the developing HPA axis. Horm Behav. 2006;50(4):632–9.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Gunnar MR, Morison SJ, Chisholm K, Schuder M. Salivary cortisol levels in children adopted from romanian orphanages. Dev Psychopathol. 2001;13(3):611–28.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Lupien SJ, McEwen BS, Gunnar MR, Heim C. Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10(6):434–45.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Bugental DB, Martorell GA, Barraza V. The hormonal costs of subtle forms of infant maltreatment. Horm Behav. 2003;43(1):237–44.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Ebeling P, Koivisto VA. Physiological importance of dehydroepiandrosterone. Lancet. 1994;343(8911):1479–81.PubMedCrossRef
93.
94.
Rogosch FA, Dackis MN, Cicchetti D. Child maltreatment and allostatic load: consequences for physical and mental health in children from low-income families. Dev Psychopathol. 2011;23(4):1107–24.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
95.
Pruessner M, Pruessner JC, Hellhammer DH, Bruce Pike G, Lupien SJ. The associations among hippocampal volume, cortisol reactivity, and memory performance in healthy young men. Psychiatry Res. 2007;155(1):1–10.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Wiedenmayer CP, Bansal R, Anderson GM, Zhu H, Amat J, Whiteman R, et al. Cortisol levels and hippocampus volumes in healthy preadolescent children. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60(8):856–61.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
97.
Kaess M, Simmons JG, Whittle S, Jovev M, Chanen AM, Yücel M, et al. Sex-specific prediction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity by pituitary volume during adolescence: a longitudinal study from age 12-17 years. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38:2694–704.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Yap MB, Morgan AJ, Cairns K, Jorm AF, Hetrick SE, Merry S. Parents in prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of parenting interventions to prevent internalizing problems in children from birth to age 18. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;50:138–58.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Muris P, Meesters C, van Melick M, Zwambag L. Self-reported attachment style, attachment quality, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in young adolescents. Personal Individ Differ. 2001;30(5):809–18.CrossRef
100.
Seligson JL, Huebner ES, Valois RF. Preliminary validation of the brief multidimensional Students’ life satisfaction scale (BMSLSS). Soc Indic Res. 2003;61(2):121–45.CrossRef
101.
Kovaks M. Children’s depression inventory. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems; 2004.
102.
Downey G, Lebolt A, Rincon C, Freitas AL. Rejection Sensitivity and Children's Interpersonal Difficulties. Child Dev. 1998;69(4):1074–91.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Oldfield RC. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia. 1971;9(1):97–113.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Olweus D, Endresen IM. The importance of sex-of-stimulus object: age trends and sex differences in empathic responsiveness. Soc Dev. 1998;7(3):370–88.CrossRef
105.
Vossen HGM, Piotrowski JT, Valkenburg PM. Development of the adolescent measure of empathy and sympathy (AMES). Personal Individ Differ. 2015;74:66–71.CrossRef
106.
Kerns KA, Klepac L, Cole AK. Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the child-mother relationship. Dev Psychol. 1996;32(3):457–66.CrossRef
107.
Shelton KK, Frick PJ, Wootton J. Assessment of parenting practices in families of elementary school-age children. J Clin Child Psychol. 1996;25(3):317–29.CrossRef
108.
Downey G, Feldman SI. Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996;70(6):1327–43.PubMedCrossRef
109.
Humeniuk R, Ali R, Babor T, Farrell M, Formigoni M, Jittiwutikarn J, et al. Validation of the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST). Addiction. 2008;103(6):1039–47.PubMedCrossRef
110.
Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893–7.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Hegarty K, Bush R, Sheehan M. The composite abuse scale: further development and assessment of reliability and validity of a multidimensional partner abuse measure in clinical settings. Violence Vict. 2005;20(5):529–47.PubMedCrossRef
112.
Achenbach TM, Ruffle TM. The child behavior checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral/emotional problems and competencies. Pediatr Rev. 2000;21(8):265–71.PubMedCrossRef
113.
Grace NC, Kelley ML, McCain AP. Attribution processes in mother-adolescent conflict. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1993;21(2):199–211.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Fabes, R.A., N. Eisenberg, and J. Bernzweig, The Coping with Children's Negative Emotion Scale: description and scoring. 1990, Unpublished scale, Department of Resources and Human Development, Tempe: Arizona State University.
115.
Cole DA, Hoffman K, Tram JM, Maxwell SE. Structural differences in parent and child reports of children's symptoms of depression and anxiety. Psychol Assess. 2000;12(2):174–85.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Radloff LS. A CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1:385–401.CrossRef
117.
Waters E, Salmon L, Wake M, Hesketh K, Wright M. The child health questionnaire in Australia: reliability, validity and population means. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2000;24(2):207–10.PubMedCrossRef
118.
Schwarz JC, Barton-Henry ML, Pruzinsky T. Assessing child-rearing behaviors: a comparison of ratings made by mother, father, child, and sibling on the CRPBI. Child Dev. 1985;56(2):462–79.PubMedCrossRef
119.
Greenwald R, Rubin A. Brief assessment of children’s post-traumatic symptoms: development and preliminary validation of parent and child scales. Res Soc Work Pract. 1999;9:61–5.CrossRef
120.
Kantor, G.K., M. Holt, and M.A. Straus, The parent-report multidimensional neglectful behaviour scale. 2004, Durham, NH: Family Research Laboratory.
121.
Petersen AC, Crockett L, Richards M, Boxer A. A self-report measure of pubertal status: reliability, validity, and initial norms. J Youth Adolescence. 1988;17(2):117–33.CrossRef
122.
Morris NM, Udry JR. Validation of a self-administered instrument to assess stage of adolescent development. J Youth Adolescence. 1980;9(3):271–80.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Study protocol: families and childhood transitions study (FACTS) – a longitudinal investigation of the role of the family environment in brain development and risk for mental health disorders in community based children
Authors
J.G. Simmons
O.S. Schwartz
K. Bray
C. Deane
E. Pozzi
S. Richmond
J. Smith
N. Vijayakumar
M.L. Byrne
M.L. Seal
M.B.H. Yap
N.B. Allen
S.L. Whittle
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-017-0905-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

BMC Pediatrics 1/2017 Go to the issue

Research article

The influence of socioeconomic factors on choice of infant male circumcision provider in rural Ghana; a community level population based study

Research article

White, affluent, educated parents are least likely to choose HPV vaccination for their children: a cross-sectional study of the National Immunization Study – teen

Study protocol

Long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient obese children participating in an integrated weight-loss programme (a double-blind placebo-controlled study) – rationale for the study design

Research article

Safety and tolerability of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis EVC001 supplementation in healthy term breastfed infants: a phase I clinical trial

Research article

Limitations and opportunities of whole blood bilirubin measurements by GEM premier 4000®

Research article

The prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among infants with cleft palate and/or lip at a hospital in Uganda: a cross-sectional study