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BMC Ophthalmology
Published in: BMC Ophthalmology 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Research article

All-trans retinoic acid stimulates the secretion of TGF-β2 via the phospholipase C but not the adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway in retinal pigment epithelium cells

Authors: Daren Zhang, Zhihong Deng, Jia Tan, Shuirong Liu, Shuyu Hu, Hui Tao, Renhong Tang

Published in: BMC Ophthalmology | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Background

By investigating that (i) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) affects human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in expressing and secreting transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and (ii) U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor) and SQ22536 (adenylyl cyclase inhibitor) regulate the ATRA-induced secretion of TGF-β2 in human RPE, we sought to interpret the signaling pathway of ATRA in promoting the development of myopia.

Methods

The RPE cell line (D407) was treated with (i) ATRA (10 μM), (ii) U73122 (5–40 μM) and ATRA (10 μM), or (iii) SQ22536 (5–40 μM) and ATRA (10 μM). The control group was no-treated. After stimulated at 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h, The expression and secretion of TGF-β2 was detected.

Results

TGF-β2 in the cytoplasm was time-dependent increased by ATRA (p < 0.001). A time-dependent increase in the TGF-β2 protein of the supernatant was induced by ATRA (p < 0.001). U73122 (in the range of 5 to 40 μM) could suppress the secretion of TGF-β2 induced by ATRA (p < 0.001), and 40 μM U73122 could completely inhibit the up-regulated effect of 10 μM ATRA. However, SQ22536 (in the range of 5 to 40 μM) had no impact on the secretion of TGF-β2 induced by ATRA (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

In RPE cells, ATRA stimulates the secretion of TGF-β2 via the phospholipase C signaling pathway but not the adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway. U73122 may inhibit the promotion of ATRA in the development of myopia.
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Metadata
Title
All-trans retinoic acid stimulates the secretion of TGF-β2 via the phospholipase C but not the adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway in retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors
Daren Zhang
Zhihong Deng
Jia Tan
Shuirong Liu
Shuyu Hu
Hui Tao
Renhong Tang
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Ophthalmology / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2415
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-018-1017-6

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