Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

CLASP2 is involved in the EMT and early progression after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor

Authors: Bisong Zhu, Lin Qi, Sulai Liu, Wentao Liu, Zhenyu Ou, Minfeng Chen, Longfei Liu, Xiongbing Zu, Jun Wang, Yuan Li

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Cytoplasmic linker-associated protein 2 (CLASP2) belongs to a family of microtubule plus-end tracking proteins that localizes to the distal ends of microtubules and regulate microtubule dynamics. We speculated that it might be involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and progression of bladder cancer (BC).

Methods

Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the changes at protein and mRNA levels in BC cell lines. Cell proliferation, clonogenic formation, wound healing and chamber invasion assay were used to investigate the abilities of cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. The data of BC patients treated with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) was collected and analyzed. The levels of mRNA of CLASP2 and EMT-related markers in tumor and urine samples were tested by RT-PCR.

Results

Expressions of CLASP2 varied in four BC cell lines. Manipulation of CLASP2 expression changed EMT-related markers. CLASP2 could promote proliferation, migration and invasion in BC cell lines. The combination (CLASP2 + E-cadherin mRNA in urine) could better discriminate the patients with or without 2-years progression compared with tumor grade after TURBT.

Conclusion

CLASP2 is involved in the EMT and progression of bladder urothelial cancer. Simultaneous urine-based detection of CLASP2 and E-cadherin mRNA can efficiently discriminate patients with or without 2-years progression after TURBT.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359–86.CrossRefPubMed Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359–86.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Avgeris M, Mavridis K, Tokas T, Stravodimos K, Fragoulis EG, Scorilas A. Uncovering the clinical utility of miR-143, miR-145 and miR-224 for predicting the survival of bladder cancer patients following treatment. Carcinogenesis. 2015;36(5):528–37.CrossRefPubMed Avgeris M, Mavridis K, Tokas T, Stravodimos K, Fragoulis EG, Scorilas A. Uncovering the clinical utility of miR-143, miR-145 and miR-224 for predicting the survival of bladder cancer patients following treatment. Carcinogenesis. 2015;36(5):528–37.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Babjuk M, Burger M, Zigeuner R, Shariat SF, van Rhijn BW, Comperat E, Sylvester RJ, Kaasinen E, Bohle A, Palou RJ, et al. EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2013. Eur Urol. 2013;64(4):639–53.CrossRefPubMed Babjuk M, Burger M, Zigeuner R, Shariat SF, van Rhijn BW, Comperat E, Sylvester RJ, Kaasinen E, Bohle A, Palou RJ, et al. EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2013. Eur Urol. 2013;64(4):639–53.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Prasad SM, Decastro GJ, Steinberg GD. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: definition, treatment and future efforts. Nat Rev Urol. 2011;8(11):631–42.CrossRefPubMed Prasad SM, Decastro GJ, Steinberg GD. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: definition, treatment and future efforts. Nat Rev Urol. 2011;8(11):631–42.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, Witjes JA, Bouffioux C, Denis L, Newling DW, Kurth K. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol. 2006;49(3):465–6. 475-477.CrossRef Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, Witjes JA, Bouffioux C, Denis L, Newling DW, Kurth K. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol. 2006;49(3):465–6. 475-477.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Shahbazi MN, Megias D, Epifano C, Akhmanova A, Gundersen GG, Fuchs E, Perez-Moreno M. CLASP2 interacts with p120-catenin and governs microtubule dynamics at adherens junctions. J Cell Biol. 2013;203(6):1043–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shahbazi MN, Megias D, Epifano C, Akhmanova A, Gundersen GG, Fuchs E, Perez-Moreno M. CLASP2 interacts with p120-catenin and governs microtubule dynamics at adherens junctions. J Cell Biol. 2013;203(6):1043–61.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
go back to reference Logue JS, Whiting JL, Tunquist B, Sacks DB, Langeberg LK, Wordeman L, Scott JD. AKAP220 protein organizes signaling elements that impact cell migration. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(45):39269–81.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Logue JS, Whiting JL, Tunquist B, Sacks DB, Langeberg LK, Wordeman L, Scott JD. AKAP220 protein organizes signaling elements that impact cell migration. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(45):39269–81.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
go back to reference Efimova N, Grimaldi A, Bachmann A, Frye K, Zhu X, Feoktistov A, Straube A, Kaverina I. Podosome-regulating kinesin KIF1C translocates to the cell periphery in a CLASP-dependent manner. J Cell Sci. 2014;127(24):5179–88.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Efimova N, Grimaldi A, Bachmann A, Frye K, Zhu X, Feoktistov A, Straube A, Kaverina I. Podosome-regulating kinesin KIF1C translocates to the cell periphery in a CLASP-dependent manner. J Cell Sci. 2014;127(24):5179–88.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
go back to reference Langlais P, Dillon JL, Mengos A, Baluch DP, Ardebili R, Miranda DN, Xie X, Heckmann BL, Liu J, Mandarino LJ. Identification of a role for CLASP2 in insulin action. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(46):39245–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Langlais P, Dillon JL, Mengos A, Baluch DP, Ardebili R, Miranda DN, Xie X, Heckmann BL, Liu J, Mandarino LJ. Identification of a role for CLASP2 in insulin action. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(46):39245–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Wiklund ED, Bramsen JB, Hulf T, Dyrskjot L, Ramanathan R, Hansen TB, Villadsen SB, Gao S, Ostenfeld MS, Borre M, et al. Coordinated epigenetic repression of the miR-200 family and miR-205 in invasive bladder cancer. Int J Cancer. 2011;128(6):1327–34.CrossRefPubMed Wiklund ED, Bramsen JB, Hulf T, Dyrskjot L, Ramanathan R, Hansen TB, Villadsen SB, Gao S, Ostenfeld MS, Borre M, et al. Coordinated epigenetic repression of the miR-200 family and miR-205 in invasive bladder cancer. Int J Cancer. 2011;128(6):1327–34.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Nakaya Y, Sukowati EW, Sheng G. Epiblast integrity requires CLASP and Dystroglycan-mediated microtubule anchoring to the basal cortex. J Cell Biol. 2013;202(4):637–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nakaya Y, Sukowati EW, Sheng G. Epiblast integrity requires CLASP and Dystroglycan-mediated microtubule anchoring to the basal cortex. J Cell Biol. 2013;202(4):637–51.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Kumar P, Lyle KS, Gierke S, Matov A, Danuser G, Wittmann T. GSK3beta phosphorylation modulates CLASP-microtubule association and lamella microtubule attachment. J Cell Biol. 2009;184(6):895–908.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kumar P, Lyle KS, Gierke S, Matov A, Danuser G, Wittmann T. GSK3beta phosphorylation modulates CLASP-microtubule association and lamella microtubule attachment. J Cell Biol. 2009;184(6):895–908.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Akhmanova A, Hoogenraad CC, Drabek K, Stepanova T, Dortland B, Verkerk T, Vermeulen W, Burgering BM, De Zeeuw CI, Grosveld F, et al. Clasps are CLIP-115 and -170 associating proteins involved in the regional regulation of microtubule dynamics in motile fibroblasts. Cell. 2001;104(6):923–35.CrossRefPubMed Akhmanova A, Hoogenraad CC, Drabek K, Stepanova T, Dortland B, Verkerk T, Vermeulen W, Burgering BM, De Zeeuw CI, Grosveld F, et al. Clasps are CLIP-115 and -170 associating proteins involved in the regional regulation of microtubule dynamics in motile fibroblasts. Cell. 2001;104(6):923–35.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Tai AL, Mak W, Ng PK, Chua DT, Ng MY, Fu L, Chu KK, Fang Y, Qiang SY, Chen M, et al. High-throughput loss-of-heterozygosity study of chromosome 3p in lung cancer using single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. Cancer Res. 2006;66(8):4133–8.CrossRefPubMed Tai AL, Mak W, Ng PK, Chua DT, Ng MY, Fu L, Chu KK, Fang Y, Qiang SY, Chen M, et al. High-throughput loss-of-heterozygosity study of chromosome 3p in lung cancer using single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. Cancer Res. 2006;66(8):4133–8.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Cao Y, He M, Gao Z, Peng Y, Li Y, Li L, Zhou W, Li X, Zhong X, Lei Y, et al. Activating hotspot L205R mutation in PRKACA and adrenal Cushing’s syndrome. Science. 2014;344(6186):913–7.CrossRefPubMed Cao Y, He M, Gao Z, Peng Y, Li Y, Li L, Zhou W, Li X, Zhong X, Lei Y, et al. Activating hotspot L205R mutation in PRKACA and adrenal Cushing’s syndrome. Science. 2014;344(6186):913–7.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Salaycik KJ, Fagerstrom CJ, Murthy K, Tulu US, Wadsworth P. Quantification of microtubule nucleation, growth and dynamics in wound-edge cells. J Cell Sci. 2005;118(Pt 18):4113–22.CrossRefPubMed Salaycik KJ, Fagerstrom CJ, Murthy K, Tulu US, Wadsworth P. Quantification of microtubule nucleation, growth and dynamics in wound-edge cells. J Cell Sci. 2005;118(Pt 18):4113–22.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Liu S, Qi L, Han W, Wan X, Jiang S, Li Y, Xie Y, Liu L, Zeng F, Liu Z, et al. Overexpression of wip1 is associated with biologic behavior in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e110218.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Liu S, Qi L, Han W, Wan X, Jiang S, Li Y, Xie Y, Liu L, Zeng F, Liu Z, et al. Overexpression of wip1 is associated with biologic behavior in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e110218.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Karam JA, Lotan Y, Ashfaq R, Sagalowsky AI, Shariat SF. Survivin expression in patients with non-muscle-invasive urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology. 2007;70(3):482–6.CrossRefPubMed Karam JA, Lotan Y, Ashfaq R, Sagalowsky AI, Shariat SF. Survivin expression in patients with non-muscle-invasive urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology. 2007;70(3):482–6.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Ding W, Tong S, Gou Y, Sun C, Wang H, Chen Z, Tan J, Xu K, Xia G, Ding Q. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2: a significant indicator for predicting progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer especially in high-risk groups. World J Urol. 2015;33(12):1951–7. Ding W, Tong S, Gou Y, Sun C, Wang H, Chen Z, Tan J, Xu K, Xia G, Ding Q. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2: a significant indicator for predicting progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer especially in high-risk groups. World J Urol. 2015;33(12):1951–7.
20.
go back to reference Robin X, Turck N, Hainard A, Tiberti N, Lisacek F, Sanchez JC, Muller M. pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves. Bmc Bioinformatics. 2011;12:77.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Robin X, Turck N, Hainard A, Tiberti N, Lisacek F, Sanchez JC, Muller M. pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves. Bmc Bioinformatics. 2011;12:77.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
go back to reference Quintavalle M, Elia L, Price JH, Heynen-Genel S, Courtneidge SA. A cell-based high-content screening assay reveals activators and inhibitors of cancer cell invasion. Sci Signal. 2011;4(183):a49.CrossRef Quintavalle M, Elia L, Price JH, Heynen-Genel S, Courtneidge SA. A cell-based high-content screening assay reveals activators and inhibitors of cancer cell invasion. Sci Signal. 2011;4(183):a49.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Schoumacher M, Goldman RD, Louvard D, Vignjevic DM. Actin, microtubules, and vimentin intermediate filaments cooperate for elongation of invadopodia. J Cell Biol. 2010;189(3):541–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schoumacher M, Goldman RD, Louvard D, Vignjevic DM. Actin, microtubules, and vimentin intermediate filaments cooperate for elongation of invadopodia. J Cell Biol. 2010;189(3):541–56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
go back to reference Saltel F, Daubon T, Juin A, Ganuza IE, Veillat V, Genot E. Invadosomes: intriguing structures with promise. Eur J Cell Biol. 2011;90(2-3):100–7.CrossRefPubMed Saltel F, Daubon T, Juin A, Ganuza IE, Veillat V, Genot E. Invadosomes: intriguing structures with promise. Eur J Cell Biol. 2011;90(2-3):100–7.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Rottiers P, Saltel F, Daubon T, Chaigne-Delalande B, Tridon V, Billottet C, Reuzeau E, Genot E. TGFbeta-induced endothelial podosomes mediate basement membrane collagen degradation in arterial vessels. J Cell Sci. 2009;122(Pt 23):4311–8.CrossRefPubMed Rottiers P, Saltel F, Daubon T, Chaigne-Delalande B, Tridon V, Billottet C, Reuzeau E, Genot E. TGFbeta-induced endothelial podosomes mediate basement membrane collagen degradation in arterial vessels. J Cell Sci. 2009;122(Pt 23):4311–8.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Mimori-Kiyosue Y, Grigoriev I, Lansbergen G, Sasaki H, Matsui C, Severin F, Galjart N, Grosveld F, Vorobjev I, Tsukita S, et al. CLASP1 and CLASP2 bind to EB1 and regulate microtubule plus-end dynamics at the cell cortex. J Cell Biol. 2005;168(1):141–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mimori-Kiyosue Y, Grigoriev I, Lansbergen G, Sasaki H, Matsui C, Severin F, Galjart N, Grosveld F, Vorobjev I, Tsukita S, et al. CLASP1 and CLASP2 bind to EB1 and regulate microtubule plus-end dynamics at the cell cortex. J Cell Biol. 2005;168(1):141–53.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Bringuier PP, Umbas R, Schaafsma HE, Karthaus HF, Debruyne FM, Schalken JA. Decreased E-cadherin immunoreactivity correlates with poor survival in patients with bladder tumors. Cancer Res. 1993;53(14):3241–5.PubMed Bringuier PP, Umbas R, Schaafsma HE, Karthaus HF, Debruyne FM, Schalken JA. Decreased E-cadherin immunoreactivity correlates with poor survival in patients with bladder tumors. Cancer Res. 1993;53(14):3241–5.PubMed
27.
go back to reference Zhang Z, Xie D, Li X, Wong YC, Xin D, Guan XY, Chua CW, Leung SC, Na Y, Wang X. Significance of TWIST expression and its association with E-cadherin in bladder cancer. Hum Pathol. 2007;38(4):598–606.CrossRefPubMed Zhang Z, Xie D, Li X, Wong YC, Xin D, Guan XY, Chua CW, Leung SC, Na Y, Wang X. Significance of TWIST expression and its association with E-cadherin in bladder cancer. Hum Pathol. 2007;38(4):598–606.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Popov Z, Gil-Diez DMS, Lefrere-Belda MA, Hoznek A, Bastuji-Garin S, Abbou CC, Thiery JP, Radvanyi F, Chopin DK. Low E-cadherin expression in bladder cancer at the transcriptional and protein level provides prognostic information. Br J Cancer. 2000;83(2):209–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Popov Z, Gil-Diez DMS, Lefrere-Belda MA, Hoznek A, Bastuji-Garin S, Abbou CC, Thiery JP, Radvanyi F, Chopin DK. Low E-cadherin expression in bladder cancer at the transcriptional and protein level provides prognostic information. Br J Cancer. 2000;83(2):209–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
go back to reference Shariat SF, Matsumoto K, Casella R, Jian W, Lerner SP. Urinary levels of soluble e-cadherin in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Eur Urol. 2005;48(1):69–76.CrossRefPubMed Shariat SF, Matsumoto K, Casella R, Jian W, Lerner SP. Urinary levels of soluble e-cadherin in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Eur Urol. 2005;48(1):69–76.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Zhao J, Dong D, Sun L, Zhang G, Sun L. Prognostic significance of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers e-cadherin, vimentin and twist in bladder cancer. Int Braz J Urol. 2014;40(2):179–89.CrossRefPubMed Zhao J, Dong D, Sun L, Zhang G, Sun L. Prognostic significance of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers e-cadherin, vimentin and twist in bladder cancer. Int Braz J Urol. 2014;40(2):179–89.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Ohsaki H, Hirakawa E, Nakamura M, Norimatsu Y, Kiyomoto H, Haba R. Expression of vimentin and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (clone 34ssE12) in differentiating reactive renal tubular cells from low-grade urothelial carcinoma cells in voided urine. Cytopathology. 2011;22(4):247–52.CrossRefPubMed Ohsaki H, Hirakawa E, Nakamura M, Norimatsu Y, Kiyomoto H, Haba R. Expression of vimentin and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (clone 34ssE12) in differentiating reactive renal tubular cells from low-grade urothelial carcinoma cells in voided urine. Cytopathology. 2011;22(4):247–52.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
CLASP2 is involved in the EMT and early progression after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor
Authors
Bisong Zhu
Lin Qi
Sulai Liu
Wentao Liu
Zhenyu Ou
Minfeng Chen
Longfei Liu
Xiongbing Zu
Jun Wang
Yuan Li
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3101-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

BMC Cancer 1/2017 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine