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BMC Cancer
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Novel biomarkers that assist in accurate discrimination of squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma of the lung

Authors: Kazuya Takamochi, Hiroko Ohmiya, Masayoshi Itoh, Kaoru Mogushi, Tsuyoshi Saito, Kieko Hara, Keiko Mitani, Yasushi Kogo, Yasunari Yamanaka, Jun Kawai, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Shiaki Oh, Kenji Suzuki, Hideya Kawaji

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Targeted therapies based on the molecular and histological features of cancer types are becoming standard practice. The most effective regimen in lung cancers is different between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AD). Therefore a precise diagnosis is crucial, but this has been difficult, particularly for poorly differentiated SCC (PDSCC) and AD without a lepidic growth component (non-lepidic AD). Biomarkers enabling a precise diagnosis are therefore urgently needed.

Methods

Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) is a method used to quantify promoter activities across the whole genome by determining the 5’ ends of capped RNA molecules with next-generation sequencing. We performed CAGE on 97 frozen tissues from surgically resected lung cancers (22 SCC and 75 AD), and confirmed the findings by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) in an independent group (29 SCC and 45 AD).

Results

Using the genome-wide promoter activity profiles, we confirmed that the expression of known molecular markers used in IHC for SCC (CK5, CK6, p40 and desmoglein-3) and AD (TTF-1 and napsin A) were different between SCC and AD. We identified two novel marker candidates, SPATS2 for SCC and ST6GALNAC1 for AD, as showing comparable performance and complementary utility to the known markers in discriminating PDSCC and non-lepidic AD. We subsequently confirmed their utility at the protein level by IHC in an independent group.

Conclusions

We identified two genes, SPATS2 and ST6GALNAC1, as novel complemental biomarkers discriminating SCC and AD. These findings will contribute to a more accurate diagnosis of NSCLC, which is crucial for precision medicine for lung cancer.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Novel biomarkers that assist in accurate discrimination of squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors
Kazuya Takamochi
Hiroko Ohmiya
Masayoshi Itoh
Kaoru Mogushi
Tsuyoshi Saito
Kieko Hara
Keiko Mitani
Yasushi Kogo
Yasunari Yamanaka
Jun Kawai
Yoshihide Hayashizaki
Shiaki Oh
Kenji Suzuki
Hideya Kawaji
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-016-2792-1

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