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BMC Medical Genetics
Published in: BMC Medical Genetics 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Gene expression profiling of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs): identification of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets

Authors: Yasushi Horimasu, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Masaya Taniwaki, Kakuhiro Yamaguchi, Kosuke Hamai, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Hironobu Hamada, Noboru Hattori, Morihito Okada, Koji Arihiro, Yuji Ohtsuki, Nobuoki Kohno

Published in: BMC Medical Genetics | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is characterized by alveolar epithelial damage, activation of fibroblast proliferation, and loss of normal pulmonary architecture and function. This study aims to investigate the genetic backgrounds of IIP through gene expression profiling and pathway analysis, and to identify potential biomarkers that can aid in diagnosis and serve as novel therapeutic targets.

Methods

RNA extracted from lung specimens of 12 patients with chronic fibrosing IIP was profiled using Illumina Human WG-6 v3 BeadChips, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify altered functional and canonical signaling pathways. For validating the results from gene expression analysis, immunohistochemical staining of 10 patients with chronic fibrosing IIP was performed.

Results

Ninety-eight genes were upregulated in IIP patients relative to control subjects. Some of the upregulated genes, namely desmoglein 3 (DSG3), protocadherin gamma-A9 (PCDHGA9) and discoidin domain-containing receptor 1 (DDR1) are implicated in cell-cell interaction and/or adhesion; some, namely collagen type VII, alpha 1 (COL7A1), contactin-associated protein-like 3B (CNTNAP3B) and mucin-1 (MUC1) are encoding the extracellular matrix molecule or the molecules involved in cell-matrix interactions; and the others, namely CDC25C and growth factor independent protein 1B (GFI1B) are known to affect cell proliferation by affecting the progression of cell cycle or regulating transcription. According to pathway analysis, alternated pathways in IIP were related to cell death and survival and cellular growth and proliferation, which are more similar to cancer than to inflammatory response and immunological diseases. Using immunohistochemistry, we further validate that DSG3, the most highly upregulated gene, shows higher expression in chronic fibrosing IIP lung as compared to control lung.

Conclusion

We identified several genes upregulated in chronic fibrosing IIP patients as compared to control, and found genes and pathways implicated in cancer, rather than in inflammatory or immunological disease to play important roles in the pathogenesis of IIPs. Moreover, DSG3 is a novel potential biomarker for chronic fibrosing IIP with its significantly high expression in IIP lung.
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Metadata
Title
Gene expression profiling of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs): identification of potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets
Authors
Yasushi Horimasu
Nobuhisa Ishikawa
Masaya Taniwaki
Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
Kosuke Hamai
Hiroshi Iwamoto
Shinichiro Ohshimo
Hironobu Hamada
Noboru Hattori
Morihito Okada
Koji Arihiro
Yuji Ohtsuki
Nobuoki Kohno
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Medical Genetics / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2350
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12881-017-0449-9

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