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Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Published in: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Associations between social cognition, skills, and function and subclinical negative and positive symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Authors: A. Vangkilde, J. R. M. Jepsen, H. Schmock, C. Olesen, S. Arnarsdóttir, W. F. C. Baaré, K. J. Plessen, M. Didriksen, H. R. Siebner, T. Werge, L. Olsen

Published in: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Identification of the early signs of schizophrenia would be a major achievement for the early intervention and prevention strategies in psychiatry. Social impairments are defining features of schizophrenia. Impairments of individual layers of social competencies are frequently described in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), who have high risk of schizophrenia. It is unclear whether and to what extent social impairments associate with subclinical negative and positive symptoms in 22q11.2DS, and which layer of social impairments are more correlated with schizophrenia-related symptoms. The aims of this study were to conduct a comprehensive investigation of social impairments at three different levels (function, skill, and cognition) and their interrelationship and to determine to what degree the social impairments correlate to subclinical levels of negative and positive symptoms, respectively, in a young cohort of 22q11.2DS not diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Methods

The level of social impairment was addressed using questionnaires and objective measures of social functioning (The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System), skills (Social Responsiveness Scale), and cognition (The Awareness of Social Inference Test and CANTAB Emotional Recognition Task), and the presence of subclinical symptoms of schizophrenia were evaluated using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes in a cross-sectional case-control study of 29 cases and 29 controls, aged 12 to 25 years. Association between social impairment and negative and positive symptoms levels was examined in cases only.

Results

Subjects with 22q11.2DS were highly impaired in social function, social skills, and social cognition (p ≤ 6.2 × 10−9) relative to control peers and presented with more negative (p = 5.8 × 10−11) and positive (p = 7.5 × 10−4) symptoms. In particular, social functional and skill levels were highly associated with notably subclinical negative symptoms levels.

Conclusions

This study shows strong correlations between levels of social impairments and subclinical negative and positive symptoms. However, longitudinal studies are required to show if social impairments represent early disease manifestations. If parental or self-reporting suggests severe social impairment, it should advocate for clinical awareness not only to social deficits per se but also of potential subclinical psychosis symptoms.
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Metadata
Title
Associations between social cognition, skills, and function and subclinical negative and positive symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors
A. Vangkilde
J. R. M. Jepsen
H. Schmock
C. Olesen
S. Arnarsdóttir
W. F. C. Baaré
K. J. Plessen
M. Didriksen
H. R. Siebner
T. Werge
L. Olsen
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Issue 1/2016
Print ISSN: 1866-1947
Electronic ISSN: 1866-1955
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-016-9175-4

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