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The Journal of Headache and Pain

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Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Headache: an important factor associated with muscle soreness/pain at the two-year follow-up point among patients with major depressive disorder

Authors: Ching-I Hung, Chia-Yih Liu, Ching-Hui Yang, Shuu-Jiun Wang

Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Background

No study has compared the associations of headache, anxiety, and depression at baseline with muscle soreness or pain (MS/P) at baseline and at the two-year follow-up point among outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to investigate the above issue.

Methods

This study enrolled 155 outpatients with MDD at baseline, and 131 attended a two-year follow-up appointment. At baseline, migraine was diagnosed based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2^nd edition. MDD and anxiety disorders were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR. The visual analog scale was used to evaluate the intensities of headache and MS/P in the neck, shoulder, back, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Multiple linear regressions were used to compare the associations of these factors with MS/P.

Results

Compared with anxiety disorders, migraine was more strongly associated with MS/P in all areas at baseline and in the upper and lower limbs at follow-up. Headache intensity at baseline was the factor most strongly associated with MS/P in all areas at baseline and follow-up after controlling for depression and anxiety. Headache intensity at baseline predicted MS/P at baseline and follow-up.

Conclusions

Migraine and headache intensity are important factors related to MS/P at baseline and follow-up among patients with MDD. Integrating depression and headache treatment might be indicated to improve MS/P.

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Title: Headache: an important factor associated with muscle soreness/pain at the two-year follow-up point among patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Ching-I Hung
Chia-Yih Liu
Ching-Hui Yang
Shuu-Jiun Wang
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: Springer Milan
Published in: The Journal of Headache and Pain / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 1129-2369
Electronic ISSN: 1129-2377
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-016-0648-3

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Headache: an important factor associated with muscle soreness/pain at the two-year follow-up point among patients with major depressive disorder

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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