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01-12-2004 | Review

Clinical review: Vascular access for fluid infusion in children

Author: Nikolaus A Haas

Published in: Critical Care | Issue 6/2004

Abstract

The current literature on venous access in infants and children for acute intravascular access in the routine situation and in emergency or intensive care settings is reviewed. The various techniques for facilitating venous cannulation, such as application of local warmth, transillumination techniques and epidermal nitroglycerine, are described. Preferred sites for central venous access in infants and children are the external and internal jugular veins, the subclavian and axillary veins, and the femoral vein. The femoral venous cannulation appears to be the most safe and reliable technique in children of all ages, with a high success and low complication rates. Evidence from the reviewed literature strongly supports the use of real-time ultrasound techniques for venous cannulation in infants and children. Additionally, in emergency situations the intraosseous access has almost completly replaced saphenous cutdown procedures in children and has decreased the need for immediate central venous access.

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Title: Clinical review: Vascular access for fluid infusion in children
Author: Nikolaus A Haas
Publication date: 01-12-2004
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Critical Care / Issue 6/2004
Electronic ISSN: 1364-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc2880

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