Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Breast Cancer Research
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 3/2004

Open Access 01-06-2004 | Research article

Changes in magnetic resonance mammography due to hormone replacement therapy

Authors: Stefan OR Pfleiderer, Steffen Sachse, Dieter Sauner, Christiane Marx, Ansgar Malich, Susanne Wurdinger, Werner A Kaiser

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 3/2004

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The aim of the present article is to investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on contrast medium enhancement patterns in postmenopausal patients during magnetic resonance mammography (MRM).

Materials and methods

Two hundred and fifteen patients receiving hormonal medication were divided into four groups: 150 patients with 1 MRM during HRT (group A), 13 patients with 2 MRMs under HRT (group B), 30 patients with 1 MRM during HRT and 1 MRM after HRT withdrawal (group C), and 22 women with 1 MRM after HRT withdrawal (group D). Dynamic MRM was performed at 1.5 Tesla. Signal intensity changes were characterized by five time curves: minimal enhancement (type I), weak continuous enhancement (type II), strong continuous enhancement (type III), and a steep initial slope followed by a plateau phenomenon (type IV) or a washout effect (type V).

Results

Of all 193 patients under HRT (group A + group B + group C), 60 patients (31.1%) showed curve type I, 88 patients (45.6%) showed type II and 45 patients (23.3%) showed type III. There were significant differences to 52 patients after HRT withdrawal (group C + group D) (P < 0.0001), with 42 patients (80.8%) for curve type I, 8 patients (15.4%) for type II, and 2 patients (3.8%) for type III. In both MRM sessions in group B, 69% of the patients showed identical curve types without significant differences (P = 0.375). In group C, 28 of 30 patients (93%) dropped to lower curve types with significant differences in curve types during and after HRT (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The majority of patients receiving postmenopausal HRT showed bilateral symmetrical, continuous enhancement without evidence of a plateau phenomenon or a washout effect due to HRT in MRM. Hormonal effects could be proven and were reproducible and reversible.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Gibaldi M: Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: does the future belong to hormone replacement therapy?. J Clin Pharmacol. 1997, 37: 1087-1099.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Lindsay R: Hormone replacement therapy for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med. 1993, 95: 37S-39S.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Stampfer M, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH: Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten-year follow-up from the Nurse's Health Study. N Engl J Med. 1991, 325: 1758-1766.
4.
Rich-Edwards JW, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Buring JE: The primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1995, 332: 1758-1766. 10.1056/NEJM199506293322607.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Grimes DA, Lobo RA: Perspectives on the Women's Health Initiative trial of hormonal replacement therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 2002, 100: 1344-1353. 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02503-6.PubMed
6.
Daling JR, Malone KE, Doody DR, Voigt LF, Bernstein L, Coates RJ, Marchbanks PA, Norman SA, Weiss LK, Ursin G, Berlin JA, Burkman RT, Deapen D, Folger SG, McDonald JA, Simon MS, Strom BL, Wingo PA, Spirtas R: Relation of regimens of combined hormone replacement therapy to lobular, ductal, and other histologic types of breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2002, 95: 2455-2465. 10.1002/cncr.10984.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Persson I, Thurfjell E, Bergstrom R, Holmberg L: Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer. Nested case–control study in a cohort of Swedish women attending mammography screening. Int J Cancer. 1997, 72: 758-761. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970904)72:5<758::AID-IJC9>3.3.CO;2-2.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Harvey JA, Pinkerton JV, Herman CR: Short-term cessation of hormone replacement therapy and improvement in mammographic specificity. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997, 89: 1623-1625. 10.1093/jnci/89.21.1623.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Vachon CM, Sellers TA, Vierkant RA, Wu FF, Brandt KR: Case–control study of increased mammographic breast density response to hormone replacement therapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002, 11: 1382-1388.PubMed
10.
Litherland JC, Stallard S, Hole D, Cordiner C: The effect of hormone replacement therapy on the sensitivity of screening mammograms. Clin Radiol. 1999, 54: 285-288. 10.1016/S0009-9260(99)90555-X.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Banks E: Hormone replacement therapy and the sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer screening. a review. J Med Screen. 2001, 8: 29-34. 10.1136/jms.8.1.29.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Marugg RC, van der Mooren MJ, Hendriks JH, Holland R, Ruijs SH: Mammographic changes in postmenopausal women on Hormone replacement therapy. Eur Radiol. 1997, 7: 749-755.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Ozdemir A, Konus O, Nas T, Erbas G, Cosar S, Isik S: Mammographic and ultrasonographic study of changes in the breast related to HRT. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 1999, 67: 23-32. 10.1016/S0020-7292(99)00102-2.CrossRef
14.
Germer U, Tetzlaff A, Geipel A, Diedrich K, Gembruch U: Strong impact of estrogen environment on Doppler variables used for differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002, 19: 380-385. 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00675.x.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Nelson TR, Pretorius DH, Schiffer LM: Menstrual variation of normal breast NMR relaxation parameters. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1985, 9: 875-879.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Martin B, El Yousef SJ: Transverse relaxation time values in MR imaging of normal breast during menstrual cycle. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1986, 10: 924-927.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Rieber A, Nüssle K, Merckle E, Kreienberg R, Tomczak R, Brambs HJ: MR mammography. influence of menstrual cycle on the dynamic contrast enhancement of fibrocystic disease. Eur Radiol. 1999, 9: 1107-1112. 10.1007/s003300050800.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Müller-Schimpfle M, Ohmenhausen K, Stoll P, Dietz K, Claussen CD: Menstrual cycle and age. influence on parenchymal contrast medium enhancement in MR imaging of the breast. Radiology. 1997, 203: 145-149.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Heywang-Köbrunner SH, Viehweg P, Heinig A, Küchler C: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast. accuracy, value, controversies, solutions. Eur J Radiol. 1997, 24: 94-108. 10.1016/S0720-048X(96)01142-4.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Hussain Z, Roberts N, Whitehouse GH, Garcia-Finana M, Percy D: Estimation of breast volume and its variation during the menstrual cycle using MRI and stereology. Br J Radiol. 1999, 72: 236-245.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Reichenbach JR, Przetak C, Klinger G, Kaiser WA: Assessment of breast tissue changes on hormonal replacement therapy using MRI. a pilot study. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1999, 23: 407-413. 10.1097/00004728-199905000-00015.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Kaiser WA, Zeitler E: MR-imaging of the breast: fast imaging sequences with and without Gd-DTPA. Radiology. 1989, 170: 681-686.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Graham SJ, Stanchev PL, Lloyd-Smith CO, Bronskill MJ, Plewes DB: Changes in fibroglandular volume and water content of breast tissue during the menstrual cycle observed by MR imaging at 1.5 T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1995, 5: 695-701.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Ottesen GL, Graversen HP, Blichert-Toft M, Zedeler K, Andersen JA: Lobular carcinoma in situ of the female breast. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993, 17: 14-21.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Neubauer H, Li M, Kuehne-Heid R, Schneider A, Kaiser WA: High grade and non-high grade ductal carcinoma in situ on dynamic MR mammography. characteristic findings for signal increase and morphological pattern of enhancement. Br J Radiol. 2003, 76: 3-12. 10.1259/bjr/14883856.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Taylor JS, Tofts PS, Port R, Evelhoch JL, Knopp M, Reddick WE, Runge VM, Mayr N: MR imaging of tumor microcirculation. promise for the new millennium. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999, 10: 903-907. 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2586(199912)10:6<903::AID-JMRI1>3.0.CO;2-A.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Pike MC, Spicer DV, Dahmoush L, Press MF: Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk. Epidemiol Rev. 1993, 15: 17-35.PubMed
28.
Spicer DV, Ursin G, Parisky YR, Pearce JG, Shoupe D, Pike A, Pike MC: Changes in mammographic densities induced by a hormonal contraceptive designed to reduce breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994, 86: 431-436.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Fowler PA, Casey CE, Cameron GG, Foster MA, Knight CH: Cyclic changes in composition and volume of the breast during the menstrual cycle, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 1990, 97: 595-602.CrossRef
30.
Kuhl CK, Bieling HB, Gieseke J, Kreft BP, Sommer T, Lutterbey G, Schild HH: Healthy premenopausal breast parenchyma in dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast. Normal contrast medium enhancement and cyclical-phase dependency. Radiology. 1997, 203: 137-144.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Bogin L, Degani H: Hormonal regulation in orthotopic MCF7 human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2002, 62: 1948-1951.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Changes in magnetic resonance mammography due to hormone replacement therapy
Authors
Stefan OR Pfleiderer
Steffen Sachse
Dieter Sauner
Christiane Marx
Ansgar Malich
Susanne Wurdinger
Werner A Kaiser
Publication date
01-06-2004
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 3/2004
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr779

Other articles of this Issue 3/2004

Breast Cancer Research 3/2004 Go to the issue

Research article

Study design: Evaluating gene–environment interactions in the etiology of breast cancer – the WECARE study

Research article

DAX-1 expression in human breast cancer: comparison with estrogen receptors ER-α, ER-β and androgen receptor status

Research article

A screen for germline mutations in the gene encoding CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) in familial non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer

Book report

Tavassoli FA, Devilee P: Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of the Breast and Female Genital Organs. WHO Classification of Tumours series - volume IV. Lyon, France: IARC Press

Commentary

Identification of signaling pathways in early mammary gland development by mouse genetics

Article selection

Articles selected in February 2004
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits