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Breast Cancer Research
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 3/2004

01-06-2004 | Review

Prognostic molecular markers in early breast cancer

Authors: Francisco J Esteva, Gabriel N Hortobagyi

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 3/2004

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Abstract

A multitude of molecules involved in breast cancer biology have been studied as potential prognostic markers. In the present review we discuss the role of established molecular markers, as well as potential applications of emerging new technologies. Those molecules used routinely to make treatment decisions in patients with early-stage breast cancer include markers of proliferation (e.g. Ki-67), hormone receptors, and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Tumor markers shown to have prognostic value but not used routinely include cyclin D1 and cyclin E, urokinase-like plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor, and cathepsin D. The level of evidence for other molecular markers is lower, in part because most studies were retrospective and not adequately powered, making their findings unsuitable for choosing treatments for individual patients. Gene microarrays have been successfuly used to classify breast cancers into subtypes with specific gene expression profiles and to evaluate prognosis. RT-PCR has also been used to evaluate expression of multiple genes in archival tissue. Proteomics technologies are in development.
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Metadata
Title
Prognostic molecular markers in early breast cancer
Authors
Francisco J Esteva
Gabriel N Hortobagyi
Publication date
01-06-2004
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 3/2004
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr777

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