Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 1/2013

Open Access 01-02-2012 | Research article

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α promotes primary tumor growth and tumor-initiating cell activity in breast cancer

Authors: Luciana P Schwab, Danielle L Peacock, Debeshi Majumdar, Jesse F Ingels, Laura C Jensen, Keisha D Smith, Richard C Cushing, Tiffany N Seagroves

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Introduction

Overexpression of the oxygen-responsive transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The mouse mammary tumor virus polyoma virus middle T (MMTV-PyMT) mouse is a widely utilized preclinical mouse model that resembles human luminal breast cancer and is highly metastatic. Prior studies in which the PyMT model was used demonstrated that HIF-1α is essential to promoting carcinoma onset and lung metastasis, although no differences in primary tumor end point size were observed. Using a refined model system, we investigated whether HIF-1α is directly implicated in the regulation of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) in breast cancer.

Methods

Mammary tumor epithelial cells were created from MMTV-PyMT mice harboring conditional alleles of Hif1a, followed by transduction ex vivo with either adenovirus β-galactosidase or adenovirus Cre to generate wild-type (WT) and HIF-1α-null (KO) cells, respectively. The impact of HIF-1α deletion on tumor-initiating potential was investigated using tumorsphere assays, limiting dilution transplantation and gene expression analysis.

Results

Efficient deletion of HIF-1α reduced primary tumor growth and suppressed lung metastases, prolonging survival. Loss of HIF-1α led to reduced expression of markers of the basal lineage (K5/K14) in cells and tumors and of multiple genes involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. HIF-1α also enhanced tumorsphere formation at normoxia and hypoxia. Decreased expression of several genes in the Notch pathway as well as Vegf and Prominin-1 (CD133)was observed in response to Hif1a deletion. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that CD133 expression was reduced in KO cells and in tumorspheres. Tumorsphere formation was enhanced in CD133hi versus CD133neg cells sorted from PyMT tumors. Limiting dilution transplantation of WT and KO tumor cells into immunocompetent recipients revealed > 30-fold enrichment of TICs in WT cells.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that HIF-1α plays a key role in promoting primary mammary tumor growth and metastasis, in part through regulation of TICs. HIF-1α regulates expression of several members of the Notch pathway, CD133 and markers of the basal lineage in mammary tumors. Our results suggest that CD133, which has not been profiled extensively in breast cancer, may be a useful marker of TICs in the PyMT mouse model. These data reveal for the first time that HIF-1α directly regulates breast TIC activity in vivo.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Rockwell S, Dobrucki IT, Kim EY, Marrison ST, Vu VT: Hypoxia and radiation therapy: past history, ongoing research, and future promise. Curr Mol Med. 2009, 9: 442-458. 10.2174/156652409788167087.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rockwell S, Dobrucki IT, Kim EY, Marrison ST, Vu VT: Hypoxia and radiation therapy: past history, ongoing research, and future promise. Curr Mol Med. 2009, 9: 442-458. 10.2174/156652409788167087.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
go back to reference Cosse JP, Michiels C: Tumour hypoxia affects the responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapy and promotes cancer progression. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2008, 8: 790-797.CrossRefPubMed Cosse JP, Michiels C: Tumour hypoxia affects the responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapy and promotes cancer progression. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2008, 8: 790-797.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Vaupel P, Höckel M, Mayer A: Detection and characterization of tumor hypoxia using pO2 histography. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007, 9: 1221-1235. 10.1089/ars.2007.1628.CrossRefPubMed Vaupel P, Höckel M, Mayer A: Detection and characterization of tumor hypoxia using pO2 histography. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007, 9: 1221-1235. 10.1089/ars.2007.1628.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Semenza GL: Defining the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in cancer biology and therapeutics. Oncogene. 2010, 29: 625-634. 10.1038/onc.2009.441.CrossRefPubMed Semenza GL: Defining the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in cancer biology and therapeutics. Oncogene. 2010, 29: 625-634. 10.1038/onc.2009.441.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Zhong H, De Marzo AM, Laughner E, Lim M, Hilton DA, Zagzag D, Buechler P, Issacs WB, Semenza GL, Simons JW: Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in common human cancers and their metastases. Cancer Res. 1999, 59: 5830-5835.PubMed Zhong H, De Marzo AM, Laughner E, Lim M, Hilton DA, Zagzag D, Buechler P, Issacs WB, Semenza GL, Simons JW: Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in common human cancers and their metastases. Cancer Res. 1999, 59: 5830-5835.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Bos R, Zhong H, Hanrahan CF, Mommers E, Semenza GL, Pinedo HM, Abeloff MD, Simons JW, van Diest PJ, van der Wall E: Levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α during breast carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001, 93: 309-314. 10.1093/jnci/93.4.309.CrossRefPubMed Bos R, Zhong H, Hanrahan CF, Mommers E, Semenza GL, Pinedo HM, Abeloff MD, Simons JW, van Diest PJ, van der Wall E: Levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α during breast carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001, 93: 309-314. 10.1093/jnci/93.4.309.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Gort EH, Groot AJ, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Vooijs MA: Hypoxic regulation of metastasis via hypoxia-inducible factors. Curr Mol Med. 2008, 8: 60-67. 10.2174/156652408783565568.CrossRefPubMed Gort EH, Groot AJ, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ, Vooijs MA: Hypoxic regulation of metastasis via hypoxia-inducible factors. Curr Mol Med. 2008, 8: 60-67. 10.2174/156652408783565568.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Chi JT, Wang Z, Nuyten DS, Rodriguez EH, Schaner ME, Salim A, Wang Y, Kristensen GB, Helland A, Børresen-Dale AL, Giaccia A, Longaker MT, Hastie T, Yang GP, van de Vijver MJ, Brown PO: Gene expression programs in response to hypoxia: cell type specificity and prognostic significance in human cancers. PLoS Med. 2006, 3: e47-10.1371/journal.pmed.0030047.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chi JT, Wang Z, Nuyten DS, Rodriguez EH, Schaner ME, Salim A, Wang Y, Kristensen GB, Helland A, Børresen-Dale AL, Giaccia A, Longaker MT, Hastie T, Yang GP, van de Vijver MJ, Brown PO: Gene expression programs in response to hypoxia: cell type specificity and prognostic significance in human cancers. PLoS Med. 2006, 3: e47-10.1371/journal.pmed.0030047.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
go back to reference Dales JP, Garcia S, Meunier-Carpentier S, Andrac-Meyer L, Haddad O, Lavaut MN, Allasia C, Bonnier P, Charpin C: Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α predicts early relapse in breast cancer: retrospective study in a series of 745 patients. Int J Cancer. 2005, 116: 734-739. 10.1002/ijc.20984.CrossRefPubMed Dales JP, Garcia S, Meunier-Carpentier S, Andrac-Meyer L, Haddad O, Lavaut MN, Allasia C, Bonnier P, Charpin C: Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α predicts early relapse in breast cancer: retrospective study in a series of 745 patients. Int J Cancer. 2005, 116: 734-739. 10.1002/ijc.20984.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Atkinson RL, Zhang M, Diagaradjane P, Peddibhotla S, Contreras A, Hilsenbeck SG, Woodward WA, Krishnan S, Chang JC, Rosen JM: Thermal enhancement with optically activated gold nanoshells sensitizes breast cancer stem cells to radiation therapy. Sci Transl Med. 2010, 2: 55ra79-10.1126/scitranslmed.3001447.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Atkinson RL, Zhang M, Diagaradjane P, Peddibhotla S, Contreras A, Hilsenbeck SG, Woodward WA, Krishnan S, Chang JC, Rosen JM: Thermal enhancement with optically activated gold nanoshells sensitizes breast cancer stem cells to radiation therapy. Sci Transl Med. 2010, 2: 55ra79-10.1126/scitranslmed.3001447.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Lacerda L, Pusztai L, Woodward WA: The role of tumor initiating cells in drug resistance of breast cancer: implications for future therapeutic approaches. Drug Resist Updat. 2010, 13: 99-108. 10.1016/j.drup.2010.08.001.CrossRefPubMed Lacerda L, Pusztai L, Woodward WA: The role of tumor initiating cells in drug resistance of breast cancer: implications for future therapeutic approaches. Drug Resist Updat. 2010, 13: 99-108. 10.1016/j.drup.2010.08.001.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Creighton CJ, Li X, Landis M, Dixon JM, Neumeister VM, Sjolund A, Rimm DL, Wong H, Rodriguez A, Herschkowitz JI, Fan C, Zhang X, He X, Pavlick A, Gutierrez MC, Renshaw L, Larionov AA, Faratian D, Hilsenbeck SG, Perou CM, Lewis MT, Rosen JM, Chang JC: Residual breast cancers after conventional therapy display mesenchymal as well as tumor-initiating features. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106: 13820-13825. 10.1073/pnas.0905718106.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Creighton CJ, Li X, Landis M, Dixon JM, Neumeister VM, Sjolund A, Rimm DL, Wong H, Rodriguez A, Herschkowitz JI, Fan C, Zhang X, He X, Pavlick A, Gutierrez MC, Renshaw L, Larionov AA, Faratian D, Hilsenbeck SG, Perou CM, Lewis MT, Rosen JM, Chang JC: Residual breast cancers after conventional therapy display mesenchymal as well as tumor-initiating features. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106: 13820-13825. 10.1073/pnas.0905718106.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
go back to reference Mohyeldin A, Garzón-Muvdi T, Quiñones-Hinojosa A: Oxygen in stem cell biology: a critical component of the stem cell niche. Cell Stem Cell. 2010, 7: 150-161. 10.1016/j.stem.2010.07.007.CrossRefPubMed Mohyeldin A, Garzón-Muvdi T, Quiñones-Hinojosa A: Oxygen in stem cell biology: a critical component of the stem cell niche. Cell Stem Cell. 2010, 7: 150-161. 10.1016/j.stem.2010.07.007.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Takubo K, Goda N, Yamada W, Iriuchishima H, Ikeda E, Kubota Y, Shima H, Johnson RS, Hirao A, Suematsu M, Suda T: Regulation of the HIF-1α level is essential for hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010, 7: 391-402. 10.1016/j.stem.2010.06.020.CrossRefPubMed Takubo K, Goda N, Yamada W, Iriuchishima H, Ikeda E, Kubota Y, Shima H, Johnson RS, Hirao A, Suematsu M, Suda T: Regulation of the HIF-1α level is essential for hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010, 7: 391-402. 10.1016/j.stem.2010.06.020.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Li Z, Bao S, Wu Q, Wang H, Eyler C, Sathornsumetee S, Shi Q, Cao Y, Lathia J, McLendon RE, Hjelmeland AB, Rich JN: Hypoxia-inducible factors regulate tumorigenic capacity of glioma stem cells. Cancer Cell. 2009, 15: 501-513. 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.03.018.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Li Z, Bao S, Wu Q, Wang H, Eyler C, Sathornsumetee S, Shi Q, Cao Y, Lathia J, McLendon RE, Hjelmeland AB, Rich JN: Hypoxia-inducible factors regulate tumorigenic capacity of glioma stem cells. Cancer Cell. 2009, 15: 501-513. 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.03.018.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
go back to reference Wang Y, Liu Y, Malek SN, Zheng P: Targeting HIF1α eliminates cancer stem cells in hematological malignancies. Cell Stem Cell. 2011, 8: 399-411. 10.1016/j.stem.2011.02.006.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wang Y, Liu Y, Malek SN, Zheng P: Targeting HIF1α eliminates cancer stem cells in hematological malignancies. Cell Stem Cell. 2011, 8: 399-411. 10.1016/j.stem.2011.02.006.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Matsumoto K, Arao T, Tanaka K, Kaneda H, Kudo K, Fujita Y, Tamura D, Aomatsu K, Tamura T, Yamada Y, Saijo N, Nishio K: mTOR signal and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α regulate CD133 expression in cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2009, 69: 7160-7164. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1289.CrossRefPubMed Matsumoto K, Arao T, Tanaka K, Kaneda H, Kudo K, Fujita Y, Tamura D, Aomatsu K, Tamura T, Yamada Y, Saijo N, Nishio K: mTOR signal and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α regulate CD133 expression in cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2009, 69: 7160-7164. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1289.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Soeda A, Park M, Lee D, Mintz A, Androutsellis-Theotokis A, McKay RD, Engh J, Iwama T, Kunisada T, Kassam AB, Pollack IF, Park DM: Hypoxia promotes expansion of the CD133-positive glioma stem cells through activation of HIF-1α oxygen regulation of brain tumor cells. Oncogene. 2009, 28: 3949-3959. 10.1038/onc.2009.252.CrossRefPubMed Soeda A, Park M, Lee D, Mintz A, Androutsellis-Theotokis A, McKay RD, Engh J, Iwama T, Kunisada T, Kassam AB, Pollack IF, Park DM: Hypoxia promotes expansion of the CD133-positive glioma stem cells through activation of HIF-1α oxygen regulation of brain tumor cells. Oncogene. 2009, 28: 3949-3959. 10.1038/onc.2009.252.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Kouros-Mehr H, Bechis SK, Slorach EM, Littlepage LE, Egeblad M, Ewald AJ, Pai SY, Ho IC, Werb Z: GATA-3 links tumor differentiation and dissemination in a luminal breast cancer model. Cancer Cell. 2008, 13: 141-152. 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.01.011.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kouros-Mehr H, Bechis SK, Slorach EM, Littlepage LE, Egeblad M, Ewald AJ, Pai SY, Ho IC, Werb Z: GATA-3 links tumor differentiation and dissemination in a luminal breast cancer model. Cancer Cell. 2008, 13: 141-152. 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.01.011.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference Vaillant F, Asselin-Labat ML, Shackleton M, Forrest NC, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE: The mammary progenitor marker CD61/β3 integrin identifies cancer stem cells in mouse models of mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 2008, 68: 7711-7717. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1949.CrossRefPubMed Vaillant F, Asselin-Labat ML, Shackleton M, Forrest NC, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE: The mammary progenitor marker CD61/β3 integrin identifies cancer stem cells in mouse models of mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 2008, 68: 7711-7717. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1949.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Wright MH, Calcagno AM, Salcido CD, Carlson MD, Ambudkar SV, Varticovski L: Brca1 breast tumors contain distinct CD44+/CD24- and CD133+ cells with cancer stem cell characteristics. Breast Cancer Res. 2008, 10: R10-10.1186/bcr1855.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wright MH, Calcagno AM, Salcido CD, Carlson MD, Ambudkar SV, Varticovski L: Brca1 breast tumors contain distinct CD44+/CD24- and CD133+ cells with cancer stem cell characteristics. Breast Cancer Res. 2008, 10: R10-10.1186/bcr1855.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
go back to reference Zhang M, Behbod F, Atkinson RL, Landis MD, Kittrell F, Edwards D, Medina D, Tsimelzon A, Hilsenbeck S, Green JE, Michalowska AM, Rosen JM: Identification of tumor-initiating cells in a p53-null mouse model of breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2008, 68: 4674-4682. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6353.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zhang M, Behbod F, Atkinson RL, Landis MD, Kittrell F, Edwards D, Medina D, Tsimelzon A, Hilsenbeck S, Green JE, Michalowska AM, Rosen JM: Identification of tumor-initiating cells in a p53-null mouse model of breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2008, 68: 4674-4682. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6353.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
go back to reference Charafe-Jauffret E, Ginestier C, Iovino F, Wicinski J, Cervera N, Finetti P, Hur MH, Diebel ME, Monville F, Dutcher J, Brown M, Viens P, Xerri L, Bertucci F, Stassi G, Dontu G, Birnbaum D, Wicha MS: Breast cancer cell lines contain functional cancer stem cells with metastatic capacity and a distinct molecular signature. Cancer Res. 2009, 69: 1302-1313. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2741.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Charafe-Jauffret E, Ginestier C, Iovino F, Wicinski J, Cervera N, Finetti P, Hur MH, Diebel ME, Monville F, Dutcher J, Brown M, Viens P, Xerri L, Bertucci F, Stassi G, Dontu G, Birnbaum D, Wicha MS: Breast cancer cell lines contain functional cancer stem cells with metastatic capacity and a distinct molecular signature. Cancer Res. 2009, 69: 1302-1313. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2741.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Liu H, Patel MR, Prescher JA, Patsialou A, Qian D, Lin J, Wen S, Chang YF, Bachmann MH, Shimono Y, Dalerba P, Adorno M, Lobo N, Bueno J, Dirbas FM, Goswami S, Somlo G, Condeelis J, Contag CH, Gambhir SS, Clarke MF: Cancer stem cells from human breast tumors are involved in spontaneous metastases in orthotopic mouse models. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, 107: 18115-18120. 10.1073/pnas.1006732107.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Liu H, Patel MR, Prescher JA, Patsialou A, Qian D, Lin J, Wen S, Chang YF, Bachmann MH, Shimono Y, Dalerba P, Adorno M, Lobo N, Bueno J, Dirbas FM, Goswami S, Somlo G, Condeelis J, Contag CH, Gambhir SS, Clarke MF: Cancer stem cells from human breast tumors are involved in spontaneous metastases in orthotopic mouse models. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010, 107: 18115-18120. 10.1073/pnas.1006732107.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Lin EY, Jones JG, Li P, Zhu L, Whitney KD, Muller WJ, Pollard JW: Progression to malignancy in the polyoma middle T oncoprotein mouse breast cancer model provides a reliable model for human diseases. Am J Pathol. 2003, 163: 2113-2126. 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63568-7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lin EY, Jones JG, Li P, Zhu L, Whitney KD, Muller WJ, Pollard JW: Progression to malignancy in the polyoma middle T oncoprotein mouse breast cancer model provides a reliable model for human diseases. Am J Pathol. 2003, 163: 2113-2126. 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63568-7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Herschkowitz JI, Simin K, Weigman VJ, Mikaelian I, Usary J, Hu Z, Rasmussen KE, Jones LP, Assefnia S, Chandrasekharan S, Backlund MG, Yin Y, Khramtsov AI, Bastein R, Quackenbush J, Glazer RI, Brown PH, Green JE, Kopelovich L, Furth PA, Palazzo JP, Olopade OI, Bernard PS, Churchill GA, Van Dyke T, Perou CM: Identification of conserved gene expression features between murine mammary carcinoma models and human breast tumors. Genome Biol. 2007, 8: R76-10.1186/gb-2007-8-5-r76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Herschkowitz JI, Simin K, Weigman VJ, Mikaelian I, Usary J, Hu Z, Rasmussen KE, Jones LP, Assefnia S, Chandrasekharan S, Backlund MG, Yin Y, Khramtsov AI, Bastein R, Quackenbush J, Glazer RI, Brown PH, Green JE, Kopelovich L, Furth PA, Palazzo JP, Olopade OI, Bernard PS, Churchill GA, Van Dyke T, Perou CM: Identification of conserved gene expression features between murine mammary carcinoma models and human breast tumors. Genome Biol. 2007, 8: R76-10.1186/gb-2007-8-5-r76.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference Liao D, Corle C, Seagroves TN, Johnson RS: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is a key regulator of metastasis in a transgenic model of cancer initiation and progression. Cancer Res. 2007, 67: 563-572. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2701.CrossRefPubMed Liao D, Corle C, Seagroves TN, Johnson RS: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is a key regulator of metastasis in a transgenic model of cancer initiation and progression. Cancer Res. 2007, 67: 563-572. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-2701.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Varticovski L, Hollingshead MG, Robles AI, Wu X, Cherry J, Munroe DJ, Lukes L, Anver MR, Carter JP, Borgel SD, Stotler H, Bonomi CA, Nunez NP, Hursting SD, Qiao W, Deng CX, Green JE, Hunter KW, Merlino G, Steeg PS, Wakefield LM, Barrett JC: Accelerated preclinical testing using transplanted tumors from genetically engineered mouse breast cancer models. Clin Cancer Res. 2007, 13: 2168-2177. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0918.CrossRefPubMed Varticovski L, Hollingshead MG, Robles AI, Wu X, Cherry J, Munroe DJ, Lukes L, Anver MR, Carter JP, Borgel SD, Stotler H, Bonomi CA, Nunez NP, Hursting SD, Qiao W, Deng CX, Green JE, Hunter KW, Merlino G, Steeg PS, Wakefield LM, Barrett JC: Accelerated preclinical testing using transplanted tumors from genetically engineered mouse breast cancer models. Clin Cancer Res. 2007, 13: 2168-2177. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0918.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Ryan HE, Poloni M, McNulty W, Elson D, Gassmann M, Arbeit JM, Johnson RS: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is a positive factor in solid tumor growth. Cancer Res. 2000, 60: 4010-4015.PubMed Ryan HE, Poloni M, McNulty W, Elson D, Gassmann M, Arbeit JM, Johnson RS: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is a positive factor in solid tumor growth. Cancer Res. 2000, 60: 4010-4015.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Hunter K, Welch DR, Liu ET: Genetic background is an important determinant of metastatic potential. Nat Genet. 2003, 34: 23-25.CrossRefPubMed Hunter K, Welch DR, Liu ET: Genetic background is an important determinant of metastatic potential. Nat Genet. 2003, 34: 23-25.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Rijnkels M, Rosen JM: Adenovirus-Cre-mediated recombination in mammary epithelial early progenitor cells. J Cell Sci. 2001, 114: 3147-3153.PubMed Rijnkels M, Rosen JM: Adenovirus-Cre-mediated recombination in mammary epithelial early progenitor cells. J Cell Sci. 2001, 114: 3147-3153.PubMed
32.
go back to reference Ryan HE, Lo J, Johnson RS: HIF-1α is required for solid tumor formation and embryonic vascularization. EMBO J. 1998, 17: 3005-3015. 10.1093/emboj/17.11.3005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ryan HE, Lo J, Johnson RS: HIF-1α is required for solid tumor formation and embryonic vascularization. EMBO J. 1998, 17: 3005-3015. 10.1093/emboj/17.11.3005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
go back to reference Seagroves TN, Peacock DL, Liao D, Schwab LP, Krueger R, Handorf CR, Haase VH, Johnson RS: VHL deletion impairs mammary alveologenesis but is not sufficient for mammary tumorigenesis. Am J Pathol. 2010, 176: 2269-2282. 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090310.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Seagroves TN, Peacock DL, Liao D, Schwab LP, Krueger R, Handorf CR, Haase VH, Johnson RS: VHL deletion impairs mammary alveologenesis but is not sufficient for mammary tumorigenesis. Am J Pathol. 2010, 176: 2269-2282. 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090310.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
go back to reference Dontu G, Abdallah WM, Foley JM, Jackson KW, Clarke MF, Kawamura MJ, Wicha MS: In vitro propagation and transcriptional profiling of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. Genes Dev. 2003, 17: 1253-1270. 10.1101/gad.1061803.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dontu G, Abdallah WM, Foley JM, Jackson KW, Clarke MF, Kawamura MJ, Wicha MS: In vitro propagation and transcriptional profiling of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. Genes Dev. 2003, 17: 1253-1270. 10.1101/gad.1061803.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
go back to reference Hu Y, Smyth GK: ELDA: Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysis for comparing depleted and enriched populations in stem cell and other assays. J Immunol Methods. 2009, 347: 70-78. 10.1016/j.jim.2009.06.008.CrossRefPubMed Hu Y, Smyth GK: ELDA: Extreme Limiting Dilution Analysis for comparing depleted and enriched populations in stem cell and other assays. J Immunol Methods. 2009, 347: 70-78. 10.1016/j.jim.2009.06.008.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Wang GL, Jiang BH, Rue EA, Semenza GL: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995, 92: 5510-5514. 10.1073/pnas.92.12.5510.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wang GL, Jiang BH, Rue EA, Semenza GL: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995, 92: 5510-5514. 10.1073/pnas.92.12.5510.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
go back to reference Ginouvès A, Ilc K, Macías N, Pouysségur J, Berra E: PHDs overactivation during chronic hypoxia "desensitizes" HIFα and protects cells from necrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sc USA. 2008, 105: 4745-4750. 10.1073/pnas.0705680105.CrossRef Ginouvès A, Ilc K, Macías N, Pouysségur J, Berra E: PHDs overactivation during chronic hypoxia "desensitizes" HIFα and protects cells from necrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sc USA. 2008, 105: 4745-4750. 10.1073/pnas.0705680105.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Peng XH, Karna P, Cao Z, Jiang BH, Zhou M, Yang L: Cross-talk between epidermal growth factor receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signal pathways increases resistance to apoptosis by up-regulating survivin gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281: 25903-25914. 10.1074/jbc.M603414200.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Peng XH, Karna P, Cao Z, Jiang BH, Zhou M, Yang L: Cross-talk between epidermal growth factor receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signal pathways increases resistance to apoptosis by up-regulating survivin gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281: 25903-25914. 10.1074/jbc.M603414200.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
go back to reference Seagroves T, Ryan HE, Lu H, Wouters BG, Knapp AM, Thibault P, Laderoute KR, Johnson RS: The transcription factor HIF-1 is a necessary mediator of the Pasteur effect in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2001, 21: 3436-3444. 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3436-3444.2001.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Seagroves T, Ryan HE, Lu H, Wouters BG, Knapp AM, Thibault P, Laderoute KR, Johnson RS: The transcription factor HIF-1 is a necessary mediator of the Pasteur effect in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2001, 21: 3436-3444. 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3436-3444.2001.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
go back to reference Storci G, Sansone P, Trere D, Tavolari S, Taffurelli M, Ceccarelli C, Guarnieri T, Paterini P, Pariali M, Montanaro L, Santini D, Chieco P, Bonafé M: The basal-like breast carcinoma phenotype is regulated by SLUG gene expression. J Pathol. 2008, 214: 25-37. 10.1002/path.2254.CrossRefPubMed Storci G, Sansone P, Trere D, Tavolari S, Taffurelli M, Ceccarelli C, Guarnieri T, Paterini P, Pariali M, Montanaro L, Santini D, Chieco P, Bonafé M: The basal-like breast carcinoma phenotype is regulated by SLUG gene expression. J Pathol. 2008, 214: 25-37. 10.1002/path.2254.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Sahlgren C, Gustafsson MV, Jin S, Poellinger L, Lendahl U: Notch signaling mediates hypoxia-induced tumor cell migration and invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105: 6392-6397. 10.1073/pnas.0802047105.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sahlgren C, Gustafsson MV, Jin S, Poellinger L, Lendahl U: Notch signaling mediates hypoxia-induced tumor cell migration and invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105: 6392-6397. 10.1073/pnas.0802047105.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
go back to reference Visbal AP, LaMarca HL, Villanueva H, Toneff MJ, Li Y, Rosen JM, Lewis MT: Altered differentiation and paracrine stimulation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation by conditionally activated Smoothened. Dev Biol. 2011, 352: 116-127. 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.01.025.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Visbal AP, LaMarca HL, Villanueva H, Toneff MJ, Li Y, Rosen JM, Lewis MT: Altered differentiation and paracrine stimulation of mammary epithelial cell proliferation by conditionally activated Smoothened. Dev Biol. 2011, 352: 116-127. 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.01.025.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
go back to reference Bar EE, Lin A, Mahairaki V, Matsui W, Eberhart CG: Hypoxia increases the expression of stem-cell markers and promotes clonogenicity in glioblastoma neurospheres. Am J Pathol. 2010, 177: 1491-1502. 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091021.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Bar EE, Lin A, Mahairaki V, Matsui W, Eberhart CG: Hypoxia increases the expression of stem-cell markers and promotes clonogenicity in glioblastoma neurospheres. Am J Pathol. 2010, 177: 1491-1502. 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091021.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
go back to reference Dontu G, Jackson KW, McNicholas E, Kawamura MJ, Abdallah WM, Wicha MS: Role of Notch signaling in cell-fate determination of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. Breast Cancer Res. 2004, 6: R605-R615. 10.1186/bcr920.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dontu G, Jackson KW, McNicholas E, Kawamura MJ, Abdallah WM, Wicha MS: Role of Notch signaling in cell-fate determination of human mammary stem/progenitor cells. Breast Cancer Res. 2004, 6: R605-R615. 10.1186/bcr920.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
go back to reference Chen J, Imanaka N, Griffin JD: Hypoxia potentiates Notch signaling in breast cancer leading to decreased E-cadherin expression and increased cell migration and invasion. Br J Cancer. 2010, 102: 351-360. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605486.CrossRefPubMed Chen J, Imanaka N, Griffin JD: Hypoxia potentiates Notch signaling in breast cancer leading to decreased E-cadherin expression and increased cell migration and invasion. Br J Cancer. 2010, 102: 351-360. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605486.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Leong KG, Niessen K, Kulic I, Raouf A, Eaves C, Pollet I, Karsan A: Jagged1-mediated Notch activation induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through Slug-induced repression of E-cadherin. J Exp Med. 2007, 204: 2935-2948. 10.1084/jem.20071082.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Leong KG, Niessen K, Kulic I, Raouf A, Eaves C, Pollet I, Karsan A: Jagged1-mediated Notch activation induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through Slug-induced repression of E-cadherin. J Exp Med. 2007, 204: 2935-2948. 10.1084/jem.20071082.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
go back to reference Sowter HM, Raval RR, Moore JW, Ratcliffe PJ, Harris AL: Predominant role of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (Hif)-1α versus Hif-2α in regulation of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. Cancer Res. 2003, 63: 6130-6134.PubMed Sowter HM, Raval RR, Moore JW, Ratcliffe PJ, Harris AL: Predominant role of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (Hif)-1α versus Hif-2α in regulation of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. Cancer Res. 2003, 63: 6130-6134.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Seagroves TN, Hadsell D, McManaman J, Palmer C, Liao D, McNulty W, Welm B, Wagner KU, Neville M, Johnson RS: HIF1α is a critical regulator of secretory differentiation and activation, but not vascular expansion, in the mouse mammary gland. Development. 2003, 130: 1713-1724. 10.1242/dev.00403.CrossRefPubMed Seagroves TN, Hadsell D, McManaman J, Palmer C, Liao D, McNulty W, Welm B, Wagner KU, Neville M, Johnson RS: HIF1α is a critical regulator of secretory differentiation and activation, but not vascular expansion, in the mouse mammary gland. Development. 2003, 130: 1713-1724. 10.1242/dev.00403.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Lifsted T, Le Voyer T, Williams M, Muller W, Klein-Szanto A, Buetow KH, Hunter KW: Identification of inbred mouse strains harboring genetic modifiers of mammary tumor age of onset and metastatic progression. Int J Cancer. 1998, 77: 640-644. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19980812)77:4<640::AID-IJC26>3.0.CO;2-8.CrossRefPubMed Lifsted T, Le Voyer T, Williams M, Muller W, Klein-Szanto A, Buetow KH, Hunter KW: Identification of inbred mouse strains harboring genetic modifiers of mammary tumor age of onset and metastatic progression. Int J Cancer. 1998, 77: 640-644. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19980812)77:4<640::AID-IJC26>3.0.CO;2-8.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Zhang H, Wong CC, Wei H, Gilkes DM, Korangath P, Chaturvedi P, Schito L, Chen J, Krishnamachary B, Winnard PT, Raman V, Zhen L, Mitzner WA, Sukumar S, Semenza GL: HIF-1-dependent expression of angiopoietin-like 4 and L1CAM mediates vascular metastasis of hypoxic breast cancer cells to the lungs. Oncogene. Zhang H, Wong CC, Wei H, Gilkes DM, Korangath P, Chaturvedi P, Schito L, Chen J, Krishnamachary B, Winnard PT, Raman V, Zhen L, Mitzner WA, Sukumar S, Semenza GL: HIF-1-dependent expression of angiopoietin-like 4 and L1CAM mediates vascular metastasis of hypoxic breast cancer cells to the lungs. Oncogene.
51.
go back to reference Wong CC, Gilkes DM, Zhang H, Chen J, Wei H, Chaturvedi P, Fraley SI, Wong CM, Khoo US, Ng IO, Wirtz D, Semenza GL: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a master regulator of breast cancer metastatic niche formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011, 108: 16369-16374. 10.1073/pnas.1113483108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wong CC, Gilkes DM, Zhang H, Chen J, Wei H, Chaturvedi P, Fraley SI, Wong CM, Khoo US, Ng IO, Wirtz D, Semenza GL: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a master regulator of breast cancer metastatic niche formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011, 108: 16369-16374. 10.1073/pnas.1113483108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
52.
go back to reference Nielsen TO, Hsu FD, Jensen K, Cheang M, Karaca G, Hu Z, Hernandez-Boussard T, Livasy C, Cowan D, Dressler L, Akslen LA, Ragaz J, Gown AM, Gilks CB, van de Rijn M, Perou CM: Immunohistochemical and clinical characterization of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2004, 10: 5367-5374. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0220.CrossRefPubMed Nielsen TO, Hsu FD, Jensen K, Cheang M, Karaca G, Hu Z, Hernandez-Boussard T, Livasy C, Cowan D, Dressler L, Akslen LA, Ragaz J, Gown AM, Gilks CB, van de Rijn M, Perou CM: Immunohistochemical and clinical characterization of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2004, 10: 5367-5374. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0220.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Yamamoto Y, Ibusuki M, Nakano M, Kawasoe T, Hiki R, Iwase H: Clinical significance of basal-like subtype in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2009, 16: 260-267. 10.1007/s12282-009-0150-8.CrossRefPubMed Yamamoto Y, Ibusuki M, Nakano M, Kawasoe T, Hiki R, Iwase H: Clinical significance of basal-like subtype in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2009, 16: 260-267. 10.1007/s12282-009-0150-8.CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Cheang MC, Voduc D, Bajdik C, Leung S, McKinney S, Chia SK, Perou CM, Nielsen TO: Basal-like breast cancer defined by five biomarkers has superior prognostic value than triple-negative phenotype. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14: 1368-1376. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1658.CrossRefPubMed Cheang MC, Voduc D, Bajdik C, Leung S, McKinney S, Chia SK, Perou CM, Nielsen TO: Basal-like breast cancer defined by five biomarkers has superior prognostic value than triple-negative phenotype. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14: 1368-1376. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1658.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Sutton LM, Han JS, Molberg KH, Sarode VR, Cao D, Rakheja D, Sailors J, Peng Y: Intratumoral expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor and cytokeratin 5/6 is significantly associated with nodal and distant metastases in patients with basal-like triple-negative breast carcinoma. Am J Clinical Pathol. 2010, 134: 782-787. 10.1309/AJCPRMD3ARUO5WPN.CrossRef Sutton LM, Han JS, Molberg KH, Sarode VR, Cao D, Rakheja D, Sailors J, Peng Y: Intratumoral expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor and cytokeratin 5/6 is significantly associated with nodal and distant metastases in patients with basal-like triple-negative breast carcinoma. Am J Clinical Pathol. 2010, 134: 782-787. 10.1309/AJCPRMD3ARUO5WPN.CrossRef
56.
go back to reference El Guerrab A, Zegrour R, Nemlin CC, Vigier F, Cayre A, Penault-Llorca F, Rossignol F, Bignon YJ: Differential impact of EGFR-targeted therapies on hypoxia responses: implications for treatment sensitivity in triple-negative metastatic breast cancer. PloS One. 2011, 6: e25080-10.1371/journal.pone.0025080.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral El Guerrab A, Zegrour R, Nemlin CC, Vigier F, Cayre A, Penault-Llorca F, Rossignol F, Bignon YJ: Differential impact of EGFR-targeted therapies on hypoxia responses: implications for treatment sensitivity in triple-negative metastatic breast cancer. PloS One. 2011, 6: e25080-10.1371/journal.pone.0025080.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
57.
go back to reference Gatza ML, Kung HN, Blackwell KL, Dewhirst MW, Marks JR, Chi JT: Analysis of tumor environmental response and oncogenic pathway activation identifies distinct basal and luminal features in HER2-related breast tumor subtypes. Breast Cancer Res. 2011, 13: R62-10.1186/bcr2899.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gatza ML, Kung HN, Blackwell KL, Dewhirst MW, Marks JR, Chi JT: Analysis of tumor environmental response and oncogenic pathway activation identifies distinct basal and luminal features in HER2-related breast tumor subtypes. Breast Cancer Res. 2011, 13: R62-10.1186/bcr2899.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
go back to reference Sleeman KE, Kendrick H, Robertson D, Isacke CM, Ashworth A, Smalley MJ: Dissociation of estrogen receptor expression and in vivo stem cell activity in the mammary gland. J Cell Biol. 2007, 176: 19-26. 10.1083/jcb.200604065.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sleeman KE, Kendrick H, Robertson D, Isacke CM, Ashworth A, Smalley MJ: Dissociation of estrogen receptor expression and in vivo stem cell activity in the mammary gland. J Cell Biol. 2007, 176: 19-26. 10.1083/jcb.200604065.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
59.
go back to reference Anderson LH, Boulanger CA, Smith GH, Carmeliet P, Watson CJ: Stem cell marker prominin-1 regulates branching morphogenesis, but not regenerative capacity, in the mammary gland. Dev Dyn. 2011, 240: 674-681. 10.1002/dvdy.22539.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Anderson LH, Boulanger CA, Smith GH, Carmeliet P, Watson CJ: Stem cell marker prominin-1 regulates branching morphogenesis, but not regenerative capacity, in the mammary gland. Dev Dyn. 2011, 240: 674-681. 10.1002/dvdy.22539.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
60.
go back to reference Cooper C, Liu GY, Niu YL, Santos S, Murphy LC, Watson PH: Intermittent hypoxia induces proteasome-dependent down-regulation of estrogen receptor α in human breast carcinoma. Clinical Cancer Res. 2004, 10: 8720-8727. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1235.CrossRef Cooper C, Liu GY, Niu YL, Santos S, Murphy LC, Watson PH: Intermittent hypoxia induces proteasome-dependent down-regulation of estrogen receptor α in human breast carcinoma. Clinical Cancer Res. 2004, 10: 8720-8727. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1235.CrossRef
61.
go back to reference Stoner M, Saville B, Wormke M, Dean D, Burghardt R, Safe S: Hypoxia induces proteasome-dependent degradation of estrogen receptor α in ZR-75 breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2002, 16: 2231-2242. 10.1210/me.2001-0347.CrossRefPubMed Stoner M, Saville B, Wormke M, Dean D, Burghardt R, Safe S: Hypoxia induces proteasome-dependent degradation of estrogen receptor α in ZR-75 breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2002, 16: 2231-2242. 10.1210/me.2001-0347.CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Meyer MJ, Fleming JM, Lin AF, Hussnain SA, Ginsburg E, Vonderhaar BK: CD44posCD49fhiCD133/2hi defines xenograft-initiating cells in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2010, 70: 4624-4633. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3619.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Meyer MJ, Fleming JM, Lin AF, Hussnain SA, Ginsburg E, Vonderhaar BK: CD44posCD49fhiCD133/2hi defines xenograft-initiating cells in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2010, 70: 4624-4633. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-3619.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
63.
go back to reference Lim E, Vaillant F, Wu D, Forrest NC, Pal B, Hart AH, Asselin-Labat ML, Gyorki DE, Ward T, Partanen A, Feleppa F, Huschtscha LI, Thorne HJ, kConFab , Fox SB, Yan M, French JD, Brown MA, Smyth GK, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ: Aberrant luminal progenitors as the candidate target population for basal tumor development in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Nat Med. 2009, 15: 907-913. 10.1038/nm.2000.CrossRefPubMed Lim E, Vaillant F, Wu D, Forrest NC, Pal B, Hart AH, Asselin-Labat ML, Gyorki DE, Ward T, Partanen A, Feleppa F, Huschtscha LI, Thorne HJ, kConFab , Fox SB, Yan M, French JD, Brown MA, Smyth GK, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ: Aberrant luminal progenitors as the candidate target population for basal tumor development in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Nat Med. 2009, 15: 907-913. 10.1038/nm.2000.CrossRefPubMed
64.
go back to reference Molyneux G, Geyer FC, Magnay FA, McCarthy A, Kendrick H, Natrajan R, Mackay A, Grigoriadis A, Tutt A, Ashworth A, Reis-Filho JS, Smalley MJ: BRCA1 basal-like breast cancers originate from luminal epithelial progenitors and not from basal stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010, 7: 403-417. 10.1016/j.stem.2010.07.010.CrossRefPubMed Molyneux G, Geyer FC, Magnay FA, McCarthy A, Kendrick H, Natrajan R, Mackay A, Grigoriadis A, Tutt A, Ashworth A, Reis-Filho JS, Smalley MJ: BRCA1 basal-like breast cancers originate from luminal epithelial progenitors and not from basal stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010, 7: 403-417. 10.1016/j.stem.2010.07.010.CrossRefPubMed
65.
go back to reference Proia TA, Keller PJ, Gupta PB, Klebba I, Jones AD, Sedic M, Gilmore H, Tung N, Naber SP, Schnitt S, Lander ES, Kuperwasser C: Genetic predisposition directs breast cancer phenotype by dictating progenitor cell fate. Cell Stem Cell. 2011, 8: 149-163. 10.1016/j.stem.2010.12.007.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Proia TA, Keller PJ, Gupta PB, Klebba I, Jones AD, Sedic M, Gilmore H, Tung N, Naber SP, Schnitt S, Lander ES, Kuperwasser C: Genetic predisposition directs breast cancer phenotype by dictating progenitor cell fate. Cell Stem Cell. 2011, 8: 149-163. 10.1016/j.stem.2010.12.007.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
66.
go back to reference van der Groep P, Bouter A, Menko FH, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ: High frequency of HIF-1α overexpression in BRCA1 related breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008, 111: 475-480. 10.1007/s10549-007-9817-z.CrossRefPubMed van der Groep P, Bouter A, Menko FH, van der Wall E, van Diest PJ: High frequency of HIF-1α overexpression in BRCA1 related breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008, 111: 475-480. 10.1007/s10549-007-9817-z.CrossRefPubMed
67.
go back to reference Yan M, Rayoo M, Takano EA, Fox SB: BRCA1 tumours correlate with a HIF-1α phenotype and have a poor prognosis through modulation of hydroxylase enzyme profile expression. Br J Cancer. 2009, 101: 1168-1174. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605287.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yan M, Rayoo M, Takano EA, Fox SB: BRCA1 tumours correlate with a HIF-1α phenotype and have a poor prognosis through modulation of hydroxylase enzyme profile expression. Br J Cancer. 2009, 101: 1168-1174. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605287.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
68.
go back to reference Chaffer CL, Brueckmann I, Scheel C, Kaestli AJ, Wiggins PA, Rodrigues LO, Brooks M, Reinhardt F, Su Y, Polyak K, Arendt LM, Kuperwasser C, Bierie B, Weinberg RA: Normal and neoplastic nonstem cells can spontaneously convert to a stem-like state. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011, 108: 7950-7955. 10.1073/pnas.1102454108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chaffer CL, Brueckmann I, Scheel C, Kaestli AJ, Wiggins PA, Rodrigues LO, Brooks M, Reinhardt F, Su Y, Polyak K, Arendt LM, Kuperwasser C, Bierie B, Weinberg RA: Normal and neoplastic nonstem cells can spontaneously convert to a stem-like state. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011, 108: 7950-7955. 10.1073/pnas.1102454108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
69.
go back to reference Gupta PB, Fillmore CM, Jiang G, Shapira SD, Tao K, Kuperwasser C, Lander ES: Stochastic state transitions give rise to phenotypic equilibrium in populations of cancer cells. Cell. 2011, 146: 633-644. 10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.026.CrossRefPubMed Gupta PB, Fillmore CM, Jiang G, Shapira SD, Tao K, Kuperwasser C, Lander ES: Stochastic state transitions give rise to phenotypic equilibrium in populations of cancer cells. Cell. 2011, 146: 633-644. 10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.026.CrossRefPubMed
70.
go back to reference Van Keymeulen A, Rocha AS, Ousset M, Beck B, Bouvencourt G, Rock J, Sharma N, Dekoninck S, Blanpain C: Distinct stem cells contribute to mammary gland development and maintenance. Nature. 2011, 479: 189-193. 10.1038/nature10573.CrossRefPubMed Van Keymeulen A, Rocha AS, Ousset M, Beck B, Bouvencourt G, Rock J, Sharma N, Dekoninck S, Blanpain C: Distinct stem cells contribute to mammary gland development and maintenance. Nature. 2011, 479: 189-193. 10.1038/nature10573.CrossRefPubMed
71.
go back to reference Gustafsson MV, Zheng X, Pereira T, Gradin K, Jin S, Lundkvist J, Ruas JL, Poellinger L, Lendahl U, Bondesson M: Hypoxia requires notch signaling to maintain the undifferentiated cell state. Dev Cell. 2005, 9: 617-628. 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.09.010.CrossRefPubMed Gustafsson MV, Zheng X, Pereira T, Gradin K, Jin S, Lundkvist J, Ruas JL, Poellinger L, Lendahl U, Bondesson M: Hypoxia requires notch signaling to maintain the undifferentiated cell state. Dev Cell. 2005, 9: 617-628. 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.09.010.CrossRefPubMed
72.
go back to reference Harrison H, Farnie G, Brennan KR, Clarke RB: Breast cancer stem cells: something out of notching?. Cancer Res. 2010, 70: 8973-8976. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1559.CrossRefPubMed Harrison H, Farnie G, Brennan KR, Clarke RB: Breast cancer stem cells: something out of notching?. Cancer Res. 2010, 70: 8973-8976. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1559.CrossRefPubMed
73.
go back to reference Sansone P, Storci G, Giovannini C, Pandolfi S, Pianetti S, Taffurelli M, Santini D, Ceccarelli C, Chieco P, Bonafé M: p66Shc/Notch-3 interplay controls self-renewal and hypoxia survival in human stem/progenitor cells of the mammary gland expanded in vitro as mammospheres. Stem Cells. 2007, 25: 807-815.CrossRefPubMed Sansone P, Storci G, Giovannini C, Pandolfi S, Pianetti S, Taffurelli M, Santini D, Ceccarelli C, Chieco P, Bonafé M: p66Shc/Notch-3 interplay controls self-renewal and hypoxia survival in human stem/progenitor cells of the mammary gland expanded in vitro as mammospheres. Stem Cells. 2007, 25: 807-815.CrossRefPubMed
74.
go back to reference Asselin-Labat ML, Sutherland KD, Vaillant F, Gyorki DE, Wu D, Holroyd S, Breslin K, Ward T, Shi W, Bath ML, Deb S, Fox SB, Smyth GK, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE: Gata-3 negatively regulates the tumor-initiating capacity of mammary luminal progenitor cells and targets the putative tumor suppressor caspase-14. Mol Cell Biol. 2011, 31: 4609-4622. 10.1128/MCB.05766-11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Asselin-Labat ML, Sutherland KD, Vaillant F, Gyorki DE, Wu D, Holroyd S, Breslin K, Ward T, Shi W, Bath ML, Deb S, Fox SB, Smyth GK, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE: Gata-3 negatively regulates the tumor-initiating capacity of mammary luminal progenitor cells and targets the putative tumor suppressor caspase-14. Mol Cell Biol. 2011, 31: 4609-4622. 10.1128/MCB.05766-11.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
75.
go back to reference Grange C, Lanzardo S, Cavallo F, Camussi G, Bussolati B: Sca-1 identifies the tumor-initiating cells in mammary tumors of BALB-neuT transgenic mice. Neoplasia. 2008, 10: 1433-1443.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Grange C, Lanzardo S, Cavallo F, Camussi G, Bussolati B: Sca-1 identifies the tumor-initiating cells in mammary tumors of BALB-neuT transgenic mice. Neoplasia. 2008, 10: 1433-1443.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
76.
go back to reference Louie E, Nik S, Chen JS, Schmidt M, Song B, Pacson C, Chen XF, Park S, Ju J, Chen EI: Identification of a stem-like cell population by exposing metastatic breast cancer cell lines to repetitive cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation. Breast Cancer Res. 2010, 12: R94-10.1186/bcr2773.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Louie E, Nik S, Chen JS, Schmidt M, Song B, Pacson C, Chen XF, Park S, Ju J, Chen EI: Identification of a stem-like cell population by exposing metastatic breast cancer cell lines to repetitive cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation. Breast Cancer Res. 2010, 12: R94-10.1186/bcr2773.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
77.
go back to reference Seagroves TN, Lydon JP, Hovey RC, Vonderhaar BK, Rosen JM: C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein) controls cell fate determination during mammary gland development. Mol Endocrinol. 2000, 14: 359-368. 10.1210/me.14.3.359.PubMed Seagroves TN, Lydon JP, Hovey RC, Vonderhaar BK, Rosen JM: C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein) controls cell fate determination during mammary gland development. Mol Endocrinol. 2000, 14: 359-368. 10.1210/me.14.3.359.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α promotes primary tumor growth and tumor-initiating cell activity in breast cancer
Authors
Luciana P Schwab
Danielle L Peacock
Debeshi Majumdar
Jesse F Ingels
Laura C Jensen
Keisha D Smith
Richard C Cushing
Tiffany N Seagroves
Publication date
01-02-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr3087

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

Breast Cancer Research 1/2013 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine