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Annals of Intensive Care
Published in: Annals of Intensive Care 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research

Integration of inspiratory and expiratory intra-abdominal pressure: a novel concept looking at mean intra-abdominal pressure

Authors: Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh, Manu LNG Malbrain

Published in: Annals of Intensive Care | Special Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

Background

The intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is an important clinical parameter that can significantly change during respiration. Currently, IAP is recorded at end-expiration (IAPee), while continuous IAP changes during respiration (ΔIAP) are ignored. Herein, a novel concept of considering continuous IAP changes during respiration is presented.

Methods

Based on the geometric mean of the IAP waveform (MIAP), a mathematical model was developed for calculating respiratory-integrated MIAP (i.e. MIA P ri = IA P ee + i ⋅ Δ IAP ), where 'i' is the decimal fraction of the inspiratory time, and where ΔIAP can be calculated as the difference between the IAP at end-inspiration (IAPei) minus IAPee. The effect of various parameters on IAPee and MIAPri was evaluated with a mathematical model and validated afterwards in six mechanically ventilated patients. The MIAP of the patients was also calculated using a CiMON monitor (Pulsion Medical Systems, Munich, Germany). Several other parameters were recorded and used for comparison.

Results

The human study confirmed the mathematical modelling, showing that MIAPri correlates well with MIAP (R2 = 0.99); MIAPri was significantly higher than IAPee under all conditions that were used to examine the effects of changes in IAPee, the inspiratory/expiratory (I:E) ratio, and ΔIAP (P < 0.001). Univariate Pearson regression analysis showed significant correlations between MIAPri and IAPei (R = 0.99), IAPee (R = 0.99), and ΔIAP (R = 0.78) (P < 0.001); multivariate regression analysis confirmed that IAPee (mainly affected by the level of positive end-expiratory pressure, PEEP), ΔIAP, and the I:E ratio are independent variables (P < 0.001) determining MIAP. According to the results of a regression analysis, MIAP can also be calculated as
MIAP = - 0 . 3 + IA P ee + 0 . 4 ⋅ Δ IAP + 0 . 5 ⋅ I E .

Conclusions

We believe that the novel concept of MIAP is a better representation of IAP (especially in mechanically ventilated patients) because MIAP takes into account the IAP changes during respiration. The MIAP can be estimated by the MIAPri equation. Since MIAPri is almost always greater than the classic IAP, this may have implications on end-organ function during intra-abdominal hypertension. Further clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the physiological effects of MIAP.
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Metadata
Title
Integration of inspiratory and expiratory intra-abdominal pressure: a novel concept looking at mean intra-abdominal pressure
Authors
Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh
Manu LNG Malbrain
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
Springer Paris
Published in
Annals of Intensive Care / Issue Special Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 2110-5820
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/2110-5820-2-S1-S18

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