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Open Access 01-12-2012 | Review

Delirium in the ICU: an overview

Authors: Rodrigo Cavallazzi, Mohamed Saad, Paul E Marik

Published in: Annals of Intensive Care | Issue 1/2012

Abstract

Delirium is characterized by a disturbance of consciousness with accompanying change in cognition. Delirium typically manifests as a constellation of symptoms with an acute onset and a fluctuating course. Delirium is extremely common in the intensive care unit (ICU) especially amongst mechanically ventilated patients. Three subtypes have been recognized: hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed. Delirium is frequently undiagnosed unless specific diagnostic instruments are used. The CAM-ICU is the most widely studied and validated diagnostic instrument. However, the accuracy of this tool may be less than ideal without adequate training of the providers applying it. The presence of delirium has important prognostic implications; in mechanically ventilated patients it is associated with a 2.5-fold increase in short-term mortality and a 3.2-fold increase in 6-month mortality. Nonpharmacological approaches, such as physical and occupational therapy, decrease the duration of delirium and should be encouraged. Pharmacological treatment for delirium traditionally includes haloperidol; however, more data for haloperidol are needed given the paucity of placebo-controlled trials testing its efficacy to treat delirium in the ICU. Second-generation antipsychotics have emerged as an alternative for the treatment of delirium, and they may have a better safety profile. Dexmedetomidine may prove to be a valuable adjunctive agent for patients with delirium in the ICU.

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Title: Delirium in the ICU: an overview
Authors: Rodrigo Cavallazzi
Mohamed Saad
Paul E Marik
Publication date: 01-12-2012
Publisher: Springer Paris
Published in: Annals of Intensive Care / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 2110-5820
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2110-5820-2-49

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Delirium in the ICU: an overview

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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