Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Review

Drug-induced uveitis

Authors: Nikolas JS London, Sunir J Garg, Ramana S Moorthy, Emmett T Cunningham Jr

Published in: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

A number of medications have been associated with uveitis. This review highlights both well-established and recently reported systemic, topical, intraocular, and vaccine-associated causes of drug-induced uveitis, and assigns a quantitative score to each medication based upon criteria originally described by Naranjo and associates.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Moorthy RS, Valluri S, Jampol LM: Drug-induced uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol 1998, 42: 557–570. 10.1016/S0039-6257(97)00130-6PubMed Moorthy RS, Valluri S, Jampol LM: Drug-induced uveitis. Surv Ophthalmol 1998, 42: 557–570. 10.1016/S0039-6257(97)00130-6PubMed
2.
go back to reference Cunningham ET Jr, Pasadhika S, Suhler EB, Zierhut M: Drug-induced inflammation in patients on TNFα inhibitors. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012, 20: 2–5. 10.3109/09273948.2011.644383PubMed Cunningham ET Jr, Pasadhika S, Suhler EB, Zierhut M: Drug-induced inflammation in patients on TNFα inhibitors. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012, 20: 2–5. 10.3109/09273948.2011.644383PubMed
3.
go back to reference Cunningham ET Jr, Zierhut M: TNF inhibitors for uveitis: balancing efficacy and safety. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2010, 18: 421–423. 10.3109/09273948.2010.531176PubMed Cunningham ET Jr, Zierhut M: TNF inhibitors for uveitis: balancing efficacy and safety. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2010, 18: 421–423. 10.3109/09273948.2010.531176PubMed
4.
go back to reference Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, Sandor P, Ruiz I, Roberts EA, Janecek E, Domecq C, Greenblatt DJ: A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981, 30: 239–245. 10.1038/clpt.1981.154PubMed Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, Sandor P, Ruiz I, Roberts EA, Janecek E, Domecq C, Greenblatt DJ: A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981, 30: 239–245. 10.1038/clpt.1981.154PubMed
5.
go back to reference Lalezari JP, Drew WL, Glutzer E, James C, Miner D, Flaherty J, Fisher PE, Cundy K, Hannigan J, Martin JC, Jaffe HS: (S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine (cidofovir): results of a phase I/II study of a novel antiviral nucleotide analogue. J Infect Dis 1995, 171: 788–796. 10.1093/infdis/171.4.788PubMed Lalezari JP, Drew WL, Glutzer E, James C, Miner D, Flaherty J, Fisher PE, Cundy K, Hannigan J, Martin JC, Jaffe HS: (S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine (cidofovir): results of a phase I/II study of a novel antiviral nucleotide analogue. J Infect Dis 1995, 171: 788–796. 10.1093/infdis/171.4.788PubMed
6.
go back to reference Lalezari JP: Cidofovir: a new therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1997,14(Suppl 1):S22-S26.PubMed Lalezari JP: Cidofovir: a new therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1997,14(Suppl 1):S22-S26.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Ho HT, Woods KL, Bronson JJ, De Boeck H, Martin JC, Hitchcock MJ: Intracellular metabolism of the antiherpes agent (S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine. Mol Pharmacol 1992, 41: 197–202.PubMed Ho HT, Woods KL, Bronson JJ, De Boeck H, Martin JC, Hitchcock MJ: Intracellular metabolism of the antiherpes agent (S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine. Mol Pharmacol 1992, 41: 197–202.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Chavez-de la Paz E, Arevalo JF, Kirsch LS, Munguia D, Rahhal FM, De Clercq E, Freeman WR: Anterior nongranulomatous uveitis after intravitreal HPMPC (cidofovir) for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Analysis and prevention. Ophthalmology 1997, 104: 539–544.PubMed Chavez-de la Paz E, Arevalo JF, Kirsch LS, Munguia D, Rahhal FM, De Clercq E, Freeman WR: Anterior nongranulomatous uveitis after intravitreal HPMPC (cidofovir) for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Analysis and prevention. Ophthalmology 1997, 104: 539–544.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Kirsch LS, Arevalo JF, De Clercq E, Chavez de la Paz E, Munguia D, Garcia R, Freeman WR: Phase I/II study of intravitreal cidofovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1995, 119: 466–476.PubMed Kirsch LS, Arevalo JF, De Clercq E, Chavez de la Paz E, Munguia D, Garcia R, Freeman WR: Phase I/II study of intravitreal cidofovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1995, 119: 466–476.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Tseng AL, Mortimer CB, Salit IE: Iritis associated with intravenous cidofovir. Ann Pharmacother 1999, 33: 167–171. 10.1345/aph.17453PubMed Tseng AL, Mortimer CB, Salit IE: Iritis associated with intravenous cidofovir. Ann Pharmacother 1999, 33: 167–171. 10.1345/aph.17453PubMed
11.
go back to reference Davis JL, Taskintuna I, Freeman WR, Weinberg DV, Feuer WJ, Leonard RE: Iritis and hypotony after treatment with intravenous cidofovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1997, 115: 733–737. 10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150735008PubMed Davis JL, Taskintuna I, Freeman WR, Weinberg DV, Feuer WJ, Leonard RE: Iritis and hypotony after treatment with intravenous cidofovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1997, 115: 733–737. 10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150735008PubMed
12.
go back to reference Akler ME, Johnson DW, Burman WJ, Johnson SC: Anterior uveitis and hypotony after intravenous cidofovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Ophthalmology 1998, 105: 651–657. 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)94019-2PubMed Akler ME, Johnson DW, Burman WJ, Johnson SC: Anterior uveitis and hypotony after intravenous cidofovir for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Ophthalmology 1998, 105: 651–657. 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)94019-2PubMed
13.
go back to reference Ambati J, Wynne KB, Angerame MC, Robinson MR: Anterior uveitis associated with intravenous cidofovir use in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1999, 83: 1153–1158. 10.1136/bjo.83.10.1153PubMedCentralPubMed Ambati J, Wynne KB, Angerame MC, Robinson MR: Anterior uveitis associated with intravenous cidofovir use in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1999, 83: 1153–1158. 10.1136/bjo.83.10.1153PubMedCentralPubMed
14.
go back to reference The Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group in collaboration with the AIDS Clinical Trials Group: Long-term follow-up of patients with AIDS treated with parenteral cidofovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis: the HPMPC peripheral cytomegalovirus retinitis trial. The studies of ocular complications of AIDS research group in collaboration with the AIDS clinical trials group. AIDS 2000, 14: 1571–1581. The Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group in collaboration with the AIDS Clinical Trials Group: Long-term follow-up of patients with AIDS treated with parenteral cidofovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis: the HPMPC peripheral cytomegalovirus retinitis trial. The studies of ocular complications of AIDS research group in collaboration with the AIDS clinical trials group. AIDS 2000, 14: 1571–1581.
15.
go back to reference Scott RA, Pavesio C: Ocular side-effects from systemic HPMPC (Cidofovir) for a non-ocular cytomegalovirus infection. Am J Ophthalmol 2000, 130: 126–127. 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00486-4PubMed Scott RA, Pavesio C: Ocular side-effects from systemic HPMPC (Cidofovir) for a non-ocular cytomegalovirus infection. Am J Ophthalmol 2000, 130: 126–127. 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00486-4PubMed
16.
go back to reference Lopez V, Sola E, Gutierrez C, Burgos D, Cabello M, Garcia I, Florez P, Lopez J, Gonzalez-Molina M: Anterior uveitis associated with treatment with intravenous cidofovir in kidney transplant patients with BK virus nephropathy. Transplant Proc 2006, 38: 2412–2413. 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.067PubMed Lopez V, Sola E, Gutierrez C, Burgos D, Cabello M, Garcia I, Florez P, Lopez J, Gonzalez-Molina M: Anterior uveitis associated with treatment with intravenous cidofovir in kidney transplant patients with BK virus nephropathy. Transplant Proc 2006, 38: 2412–2413. 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.067PubMed
17.
go back to reference Rahhal FM, Arevalo JF, Munguia D, Taskintuna I, Chavez de la Paz E, Azen SP, Freeman WR: Intravitreal cidofovir for the maintenance treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Ophthalmology 1996, 103: 1078–1083.PubMed Rahhal FM, Arevalo JF, Munguia D, Taskintuna I, Chavez de la Paz E, Azen SP, Freeman WR: Intravitreal cidofovir for the maintenance treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Ophthalmology 1996, 103: 1078–1083.PubMed
18.
go back to reference Smith WM, Reddy MG, Hutcheson KA, Bishop RJ, Sen HN: Rifabutin-associated hypopyon uveitis and retinal vasculitis with a history of acute myeloid leukemia. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2012, 2: 149–152. 10.1007/s12348-012-0059-9PubMedCentralPubMed Smith WM, Reddy MG, Hutcheson KA, Bishop RJ, Sen HN: Rifabutin-associated hypopyon uveitis and retinal vasculitis with a history of acute myeloid leukemia. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2012, 2: 149–152. 10.1007/s12348-012-0059-9PubMedCentralPubMed
19.
go back to reference Skolik S, Willermain F, Caspers LE: Rifabutin-associated panuveitis with retinal vasculitis in pulmonary tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2005, 13: 483–485. 10.1080/09273940590951115PubMed Skolik S, Willermain F, Caspers LE: Rifabutin-associated panuveitis with retinal vasculitis in pulmonary tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2005, 13: 483–485. 10.1080/09273940590951115PubMed
20.
go back to reference Saran BR, Maguire AM, Nichols C, Frank I, Hertle RW, Brucker AJ, Goldman S, Brown M, Van Uitert B: Hypopyon uveitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated for systemic Mycobacterium avium complex infection with rifabutin. Arch Ophthalmol 1994, 112: 1159–1165. 10.1001/archopht.1994.01090210043015PubMed Saran BR, Maguire AM, Nichols C, Frank I, Hertle RW, Brucker AJ, Goldman S, Brown M, Van Uitert B: Hypopyon uveitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated for systemic Mycobacterium avium complex infection with rifabutin. Arch Ophthalmol 1994, 112: 1159–1165. 10.1001/archopht.1994.01090210043015PubMed
21.
go back to reference Shafran SD, Deschenes J, Miller M, Phillips P, Toma E: Uveitis and pseudojaundice during a regimen of clarithromycin, rifabutin, and ethambutol. MAC study group of the Canadian HIV trials network. N Engl J Med 1994, 330: 438–439. 10.1056/NEJM199402103300616PubMed Shafran SD, Deschenes J, Miller M, Phillips P, Toma E: Uveitis and pseudojaundice during a regimen of clarithromycin, rifabutin, and ethambutol. MAC study group of the Canadian HIV trials network. N Engl J Med 1994, 330: 438–439. 10.1056/NEJM199402103300616PubMed
22.
go back to reference Siegal FP, Eilbott D, Burger H, Gehan K, Davidson B, Kaell AT, Weiser B: Dose-limiting toxicity of rifabutin in AIDS-related complex: syndrome of arthralgia/arthritis. AIDS 1990, 4: 433–441. 10.1097/00002030-199005000-00009PubMed Siegal FP, Eilbott D, Burger H, Gehan K, Davidson B, Kaell AT, Weiser B: Dose-limiting toxicity of rifabutin in AIDS-related complex: syndrome of arthralgia/arthritis. AIDS 1990, 4: 433–441. 10.1097/00002030-199005000-00009PubMed
23.
go back to reference Frank MO, Graham MB, Wispelway B: Rifabutin and uveitis. N Engl J Med 1994, 330: 868.PubMed Frank MO, Graham MB, Wispelway B: Rifabutin and uveitis. N Engl J Med 1994, 330: 868.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Shafran SD, Singer J, Zarowny DP, Deschenes J, Phillips P, Turgeon F, Aoki FY, Toma E, Miller M, Duperval R, Lemieux C, Schlech WF 3rd: Determinants of rifabutin-associated uveitis in patients treated with rifabutin, clarithromycin, and ethambutol for Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia: a multivariate analysis. Canadian HIV Trials Network Protocol 010 Study Group. J Infect Dis 1998, 177: 252–255. 10.1086/517366PubMed Shafran SD, Singer J, Zarowny DP, Deschenes J, Phillips P, Turgeon F, Aoki FY, Toma E, Miller M, Duperval R, Lemieux C, Schlech WF 3rd: Determinants of rifabutin-associated uveitis in patients treated with rifabutin, clarithromycin, and ethambutol for Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia: a multivariate analysis. Canadian HIV Trials Network Protocol 010 Study Group. J Infect Dis 1998, 177: 252–255. 10.1086/517366PubMed
25.
go back to reference Skinner MH, Blaschke TF: Clinical pharmacokinetics of rifabutin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995, 28: 115–125. 10.2165/00003088-199528020-00003PubMed Skinner MH, Blaschke TF: Clinical pharmacokinetics of rifabutin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995, 28: 115–125. 10.2165/00003088-199528020-00003PubMed
26.
go back to reference Kuper JI, D’Aprile M: Drug-drug interactions of clinical significance in the treatment of patients with Mycobacterium avium complex disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000, 39: 203–214. 10.2165/00003088-200039030-00003PubMed Kuper JI, D’Aprile M: Drug-drug interactions of clinical significance in the treatment of patients with Mycobacterium avium complex disease. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000, 39: 203–214. 10.2165/00003088-200039030-00003PubMed
27.
go back to reference Cato A 3rd, Cavanaugh J, Shi H, Hsu A, Leonard J, Granneman R: The effect of multiple doses of ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of rifabutin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998, 63: 414–421. 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90036-4PubMed Cato A 3rd, Cavanaugh J, Shi H, Hsu A, Leonard J, Granneman R: The effect of multiple doses of ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of rifabutin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998, 63: 414–421. 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90036-4PubMed
28.
go back to reference Jacobs DS, Piliero PJ, Kuperwaser MG, Smith JA, Harris SD, Flanigan TP, Goldberg JH, Ives DV: Acute uveitis associated with rifabutin use in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Ophthalmol 1994, 118: 716–722.PubMed Jacobs DS, Piliero PJ, Kuperwaser MG, Smith JA, Harris SD, Flanigan TP, Goldberg JH, Ives DV: Acute uveitis associated with rifabutin use in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Ophthalmol 1994, 118: 716–722.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Schimkat M, Althaus C, Becker K, Sundmacher R: Rifabutin-associated anterior uveitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Ger J Ophthalmol 1996, 5: 195–201.PubMed Schimkat M, Althaus C, Becker K, Sundmacher R: Rifabutin-associated anterior uveitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Ger J Ophthalmol 1996, 5: 195–201.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Watts NB: Bisphosphonate treatment of osteoporosis. Clin Geriatr Med 2003, 19: 395–414. 10.1016/S0749-0690(02)00069-1PubMed Watts NB: Bisphosphonate treatment of osteoporosis. Clin Geriatr Med 2003, 19: 395–414. 10.1016/S0749-0690(02)00069-1PubMed
31.
go back to reference Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT, Jensvold B: Scleritis and other ocular side effects associated with pamidronate disodium. Am J Ophthalmol 2003, 135: 219–222. 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01840-8PubMed Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT, Jensvold B: Scleritis and other ocular side effects associated with pamidronate disodium. Am J Ophthalmol 2003, 135: 219–222. 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01840-8PubMed
32.
go back to reference Macarol V, Fraunfelder FT: Pamidronate disodium and possible ocular adverse drug reactions. Am J Ophthalmol 1994, 118: 220–224.PubMed Macarol V, Fraunfelder FT: Pamidronate disodium and possible ocular adverse drug reactions. Am J Ophthalmol 1994, 118: 220–224.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Fraunfelder FW, Solomon J, Druker BJ, Esmaeli B, Kuyl J: Ocular side-effects associated with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2003, 19: 371–375. 10.1089/108076803322279426PubMed Fraunfelder FW, Solomon J, Druker BJ, Esmaeli B, Kuyl J: Ocular side-effects associated with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2003, 19: 371–375. 10.1089/108076803322279426PubMed
34.
go back to reference De S, Meyer P, Crisp AJ: Pamidronate and uveitis. Br J Rheumatol 1995, 34: 479.PubMed De S, Meyer P, Crisp AJ: Pamidronate and uveitis. Br J Rheumatol 1995, 34: 479.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Stewart GO, Stuckey BG, Ward LC, Prince RL, Gutteridge DH, Constable IJ: Iritis following intravenous pamidronate. Aust N Z J Med 1996, 26: 414–415. 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1996.tb01932.xPubMed Stewart GO, Stuckey BG, Ward LC, Prince RL, Gutteridge DH, Constable IJ: Iritis following intravenous pamidronate. Aust N Z J Med 1996, 26: 414–415. 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1996.tb01932.xPubMed
36.
go back to reference Ghose K, Waterworth R, Trolove P, Highton J: Uveitis associated with pamidronate. Aust N Z J Med 1994, 24: 320. 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb02186.xPubMed Ghose K, Waterworth R, Trolove P, Highton J: Uveitis associated with pamidronate. Aust N Z J Med 1994, 24: 320. 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1994.tb02186.xPubMed
37.
go back to reference O’Donnell NP, Rao GP, Aguis-Fernandez A: Paget’s disease: ocular complications of disodium pamidronate treatment. Br J Clin Pract 1995, 49: 272–273.PubMed O’Donnell NP, Rao GP, Aguis-Fernandez A: Paget’s disease: ocular complications of disodium pamidronate treatment. Br J Clin Pract 1995, 49: 272–273.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT: Bisphosphonates and ocular inflammation. N Engl J Med 2003, 348: 1187–1188. 10.1056/NEJM200303203481225PubMed Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT: Bisphosphonates and ocular inflammation. N Engl J Med 2003, 348: 1187–1188. 10.1056/NEJM200303203481225PubMed
39.
go back to reference Malik AR, Campbell SH, Toma NM: Bilateral acute anterior uveitis after alendronate. Br J Ophthalmol 2002, 86: 1443. 10.1136/bjo.86.12.1443PubMedCentralPubMed Malik AR, Campbell SH, Toma NM: Bilateral acute anterior uveitis after alendronate. Br J Ophthalmol 2002, 86: 1443. 10.1136/bjo.86.12.1443PubMedCentralPubMed
40.
go back to reference Mbekeani JN, Slamovits TL, Schwartz BH, Sauer HL: Ocular inflammation associated with alendronate therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 1999, 117: 837–838.PubMed Mbekeani JN, Slamovits TL, Schwartz BH, Sauer HL: Ocular inflammation associated with alendronate therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 1999, 117: 837–838.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Salmen S, Berrueta L, Sanchez N, Montes H, Borges L: Nongranulomatous anterior uveitis associated with alendronate therapy. Invest Clin 2002, 43: 49–52.PubMed Salmen S, Berrueta L, Sanchez N, Montes H, Borges L: Nongranulomatous anterior uveitis associated with alendronate therapy. Invest Clin 2002, 43: 49–52.PubMed
42.
43.
go back to reference Tan YL, Sims J, Chee SP: Bilateral uveitis secondary to bisphosphonate therapy. Ophthalmologica 2009, 223: 215–216. 10.1159/000202646PubMed Tan YL, Sims J, Chee SP: Bilateral uveitis secondary to bisphosphonate therapy. Ophthalmologica 2009, 223: 215–216. 10.1159/000202646PubMed
44.
go back to reference Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT: Adverse ocular drug reactions recently identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects. Ophthalmology 2004, 111: 1275–1279. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.12.052PubMed Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT: Adverse ocular drug reactions recently identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects. Ophthalmology 2004, 111: 1275–1279. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.12.052PubMed
45.
go back to reference Moore MM, Beith JM: Acute unilateral anterior uveitis and scleritis following a single infusion of zoledronate for metastatic breast cancer. Med J Aust 2008, 188: 370–371.PubMed Moore MM, Beith JM: Acute unilateral anterior uveitis and scleritis following a single infusion of zoledronate for metastatic breast cancer. Med J Aust 2008, 188: 370–371.PubMed
46.
go back to reference Banal F, Briot K, Ayoub G, Dougados M, Roux C: Unilateral anterior uveitis complicating zoledronic acid therapy in prostate cancer. J Rheumatol 2008, 35: 2458–2459. 10.3899/jrheum.080273PubMed Banal F, Briot K, Ayoub G, Dougados M, Roux C: Unilateral anterior uveitis complicating zoledronic acid therapy in prostate cancer. J Rheumatol 2008, 35: 2458–2459. 10.3899/jrheum.080273PubMed
47.
go back to reference Benderson D, Karakunnel J, Kathuria S, Badros A: Scleritis complicating zoledronic acid infusion. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2006, 7: 145–147. 10.3816/CLM.2006.n.053PubMed Benderson D, Karakunnel J, Kathuria S, Badros A: Scleritis complicating zoledronic acid infusion. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2006, 7: 145–147. 10.3816/CLM.2006.n.053PubMed
48.
go back to reference Sharma NS, Ooi JL, Masselos K, Hooper MJ, Francis IC: Zoledronic acid infusion and orbital inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 2008, 359: 1410–1411.PubMed Sharma NS, Ooi JL, Masselos K, Hooper MJ, Francis IC: Zoledronic acid infusion and orbital inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 2008, 359: 1410–1411.PubMed
49.
go back to reference Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R, Reid IR, Boonen S, Cauley JA, Cosman F, Lakatos P, Leung PC, Man Z, Mautalen C, Mesenbrink P, Hu H, Caminis J, Tong K, Rosario-Jansen T, Krasnow J, Hue TF, Sellmeyer D, Eriksen EF, Cummings SR: Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2007, 356: 1809–1822. 10.1056/NEJMoa067312PubMed Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R, Reid IR, Boonen S, Cauley JA, Cosman F, Lakatos P, Leung PC, Man Z, Mautalen C, Mesenbrink P, Hu H, Caminis J, Tong K, Rosario-Jansen T, Krasnow J, Hue TF, Sellmeyer D, Eriksen EF, Cummings SR: Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2007, 356: 1809–1822. 10.1056/NEJMoa067312PubMed
50.
51.
go back to reference Tilden ME, Rosenbaum JT, Fraunfelder FT: Systemic sulfonamides as a cause of bilateral, anterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1991, 109: 67–69. 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080010069035PubMed Tilden ME, Rosenbaum JT, Fraunfelder FT: Systemic sulfonamides as a cause of bilateral, anterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1991, 109: 67–69. 10.1001/archopht.1991.01080010069035PubMed
52.
go back to reference Northrop CV, Shepherd SM, Abbuhl S: Sulfonamide-induced iritis. Am J Emerg Med 1996, 14: 577–579. 10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90104-7PubMed Northrop CV, Shepherd SM, Abbuhl S: Sulfonamide-induced iritis. Am J Emerg Med 1996, 14: 577–579. 10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90104-7PubMed
53.
go back to reference Power WJ, Ghoraishi M, Merayo-Lloves J, Neves RA, Foster CS: Analysis of the acute ophthalmic manifestations of the erythema multiforme/Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis disease spectrum. Ophthalmology 1995, 102: 1669–1676.PubMed Power WJ, Ghoraishi M, Merayo-Lloves J, Neves RA, Foster CS: Analysis of the acute ophthalmic manifestations of the erythema multiforme/Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis disease spectrum. Ophthalmology 1995, 102: 1669–1676.PubMed
54.
go back to reference Arola O, Peltonen R, Rossi T: Arthritis, uveitis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by trimethoprim. Lancet 1998, 351: 1102.PubMed Arola O, Peltonen R, Rossi T: Arthritis, uveitis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by trimethoprim. Lancet 1998, 351: 1102.PubMed
55.
go back to reference Pathak S, Power B: Bilateral acute anterior uveitis as a side effect of trimethoprim. Eye (Lond) 2007, 21: 252–253. 10.1038/sj.eye.6702483 Pathak S, Power B: Bilateral acute anterior uveitis as a side effect of trimethoprim. Eye (Lond) 2007, 21: 252–253. 10.1038/sj.eye.6702483
56.
go back to reference Kristinsson JK, Hannesson OB, Sveinsson O, Thorleifsson H: Bilateral anterior uveitis and retinal haemorrhages after administration of trimethoprim. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1997, 75: 314–315.PubMed Kristinsson JK, Hannesson OB, Sveinsson O, Thorleifsson H: Bilateral anterior uveitis and retinal haemorrhages after administration of trimethoprim. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1997, 75: 314–315.PubMed
57.
go back to reference Gilroy N, Gottlieb T, Spring P, Peiris O: Trimethoprim-induced aseptic meningitis and uveitis. Lancet 1997, 350: 112.PubMed Gilroy N, Gottlieb T, Spring P, Peiris O: Trimethoprim-induced aseptic meningitis and uveitis. Lancet 1997, 350: 112.PubMed
58.
go back to reference Moreland LW, Baumgartner SW, Schiff MH, Tindall EA, Fleischmann RM, Weaver AL, Ettlinger RE, Cohen S, Koopman WJ, Mohler K, Widmer MB, Blosch CM: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 1997, 337: 141–147. 10.1056/NEJM199707173370301PubMed Moreland LW, Baumgartner SW, Schiff MH, Tindall EA, Fleischmann RM, Weaver AL, Ettlinger RE, Cohen S, Koopman WJ, Mohler K, Widmer MB, Blosch CM: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein. N Engl J Med 1997, 337: 141–147. 10.1056/NEJM199707173370301PubMed
59.
go back to reference Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, Zink A, Alten R, Golder W, Gromnica-Ihle E, Kellner H, Krause A, Schneider M, Sorensen H, Zeidler H, Thriene W, Sieper J: Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet 2002, 359: 1187–1193. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08215-6PubMed Braun J, Brandt J, Listing J, Zink A, Alten R, Golder W, Gromnica-Ihle E, Kellner H, Krause A, Schneider M, Sorensen H, Zeidler H, Thriene W, Sieper J: Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial. Lancet 2002, 359: 1187–1193. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08215-6PubMed
60.
go back to reference Maini R, St Clair EW, Breedveld F, Furst D, Kalden J, Weisman M, Smolen J, Emery P, Harriman G, Feldmann M, Lipsky P: Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a randomised phase III trial. ATTRACT Study Group. Lancet 1999, 354: 1932–1939. Maini R, St Clair EW, Breedveld F, Furst D, Kalden J, Weisman M, Smolen J, Emery P, Harriman G, Feldmann M, Lipsky P: Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a randomised phase III trial. ATTRACT Study Group. Lancet 1999, 354: 1932–1939.
61.
go back to reference Chaudhari U, Romano P, Mulcahy LD, Dooley LT, Baker DG, Gottlieb AB: Efficacy and safety of infliximab monotherapy for plaque-type psoriasis: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001, 357: 1842–1847. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04954-0PubMed Chaudhari U, Romano P, Mulcahy LD, Dooley LT, Baker DG, Gottlieb AB: Efficacy and safety of infliximab monotherapy for plaque-type psoriasis: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001, 357: 1842–1847. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04954-0PubMed
62.
go back to reference Suhler EB, Smith JR, Wertheim MS, Lauer AK, Kurz DE, Pickard TD, Rosenbaum JT: A prospective trial of infliximab therapy for refractory uveitis: preliminary safety and efficacy outcomes. Arch Ophthalmol 2005, 123: 903–912. 10.1001/archopht.123.7.903PubMed Suhler EB, Smith JR, Wertheim MS, Lauer AK, Kurz DE, Pickard TD, Rosenbaum JT: A prospective trial of infliximab therapy for refractory uveitis: preliminary safety and efficacy outcomes. Arch Ophthalmol 2005, 123: 903–912. 10.1001/archopht.123.7.903PubMed
63.
go back to reference Murphy CC, Ayliffe WH, Booth A, Makanjuola D, Andrews PA, Jayne D: Tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade with infliximab for refractory uveitis and scleritis. Ophthalmology 2004, 111: 352–356. 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00721-8PubMed Murphy CC, Ayliffe WH, Booth A, Makanjuola D, Andrews PA, Jayne D: Tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade with infliximab for refractory uveitis and scleritis. Ophthalmology 2004, 111: 352–356. 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00721-8PubMed
64.
go back to reference Murphy CC, Greiner K, Plskova J, Duncan L, Frost A, Isaacs JD, Rebello P, Waldmann H, Hale G, Forrester JV, Dick AD: Neutralizing tumor necrosis factor activity leads to remission in patients with refractory noninfectious posterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2004, 122: 845–851. 10.1001/archopht.122.6.845PubMed Murphy CC, Greiner K, Plskova J, Duncan L, Frost A, Isaacs JD, Rebello P, Waldmann H, Hale G, Forrester JV, Dick AD: Neutralizing tumor necrosis factor activity leads to remission in patients with refractory noninfectious posterior uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2004, 122: 845–851. 10.1001/archopht.122.6.845PubMed
65.
go back to reference Okada AA, Goto H, Ohno S, Mochizuki M: Multicenter study of infliximab for refractory uveoretinitis in Behcet disease. Arch Ophthalmol 2012, 130: 592–598. 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.2698PubMed Okada AA, Goto H, Ohno S, Mochizuki M: Multicenter study of infliximab for refractory uveoretinitis in Behcet disease. Arch Ophthalmol 2012, 130: 592–598. 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.2698PubMed
66.
go back to reference Ramos-Casals M, Roberto Perez A, Diaz-Lagares C, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta MA: Autoimmune diseases induced by biological agents: a double-edged sword? Autoimmun Rev 2010, 9: 188–193. 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.10.003PubMed Ramos-Casals M, Roberto Perez A, Diaz-Lagares C, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta MA: Autoimmune diseases induced by biological agents: a double-edged sword? Autoimmun Rev 2010, 9: 188–193. 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.10.003PubMed
67.
go back to reference Kakkassery V, Mergler S, Pleyer U: Anti-TNF-alpha treatment: a possible promoter in endogenous uveitis? Observational report on six patients: occurrence of uveitis following etanercept treatment. Curr Eye Res 2010, 35: 751–756. 10.3109/02713683.2010.486520PubMed Kakkassery V, Mergler S, Pleyer U: Anti-TNF-alpha treatment: a possible promoter in endogenous uveitis? Observational report on six patients: occurrence of uveitis following etanercept treatment. Curr Eye Res 2010, 35: 751–756. 10.3109/02713683.2010.486520PubMed
68.
go back to reference Gaujoux-Viala C, Giampietro C, Gaujoux T, Ea HK, Prati C, Orcel P, Wendling D, Liote F: Scleritis: a paradoxical effect of etanercept? Etanercept-associated inflammatory eye disease. J Rheumatol 2012, 39: 233–239. 10.3899/jrheum.110865PubMed Gaujoux-Viala C, Giampietro C, Gaujoux T, Ea HK, Prati C, Orcel P, Wendling D, Liote F: Scleritis: a paradoxical effect of etanercept? Etanercept-associated inflammatory eye disease. J Rheumatol 2012, 39: 233–239. 10.3899/jrheum.110865PubMed
69.
go back to reference Cobo-Ibanez T, del Carmen OM, Munoz-Fernandez S, Madero-Prado R, Martin-Mola E: Do TNF-blockers reduce or induce uveitis? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008, 47: 731–732. 10.1093/rheumatology/ken091 Cobo-Ibanez T, del Carmen OM, Munoz-Fernandez S, Madero-Prado R, Martin-Mola E: Do TNF-blockers reduce or induce uveitis? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008, 47: 731–732. 10.1093/rheumatology/ken091
70.
go back to reference Wendling D, Paccou J, Berthelot JM, Flipo RM, Guillaume-Czitrom S, Prati C, Dernis E, Direz G, Ferrazzi V, Ristori JM: New onset of uveitis during anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment for rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011, 41: 503–510. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.05.005PubMed Wendling D, Paccou J, Berthelot JM, Flipo RM, Guillaume-Czitrom S, Prati C, Dernis E, Direz G, Ferrazzi V, Ristori JM: New onset of uveitis during anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment for rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011, 41: 503–510. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.05.005PubMed
71.
72.
go back to reference Hashkes PJ, Shajrawi I: Sarcoid-related uveitis occurring during etanercept therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003, 21: 645–646.PubMed Hashkes PJ, Shajrawi I: Sarcoid-related uveitis occurring during etanercept therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003, 21: 645–646.PubMed
73.
go back to reference Taban M, Dupps WJ, Mandell B, Perez VL: Etanercept (enbrel)-associated inflammatory eye disease: case report and review of the literature. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2006, 14: 145–150. 10.1080/09273940600659393PubMed Taban M, Dupps WJ, Mandell B, Perez VL: Etanercept (enbrel)-associated inflammatory eye disease: case report and review of the literature. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2006, 14: 145–150. 10.1080/09273940600659393PubMed
74.
go back to reference Pontikaki I, Gerloni V, Gattinara M, Luriati A, Salmaso A, De Marco G, Teruzzi B, Valcamonica E, Fantini F: Side effects of anti-TNFalpha therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Reumatismo 2006, 58: 31–38.PubMed Pontikaki I, Gerloni V, Gattinara M, Luriati A, Salmaso A, De Marco G, Teruzzi B, Valcamonica E, Fantini F: Side effects of anti-TNFalpha therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Reumatismo 2006, 58: 31–38.PubMed
75.
go back to reference Monnet D, Moachon L, Dougados M, Brezin AP: Severe uveitis in an HLA-B27-positive patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2006, 2: 393–397.PubMed Monnet D, Moachon L, Dougados M, Brezin AP: Severe uveitis in an HLA-B27-positive patient with ankylosing spondylitis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2006, 2: 393–397.PubMed
76.
go back to reference Lim LL, Fraunfelder FW, Rosenbaum JT: Do tumor necrosis factor inhibitors cause uveitis? A registry-based study. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56: 3248–3252. 10.1002/art.22918PubMed Lim LL, Fraunfelder FW, Rosenbaum JT: Do tumor necrosis factor inhibitors cause uveitis? A registry-based study. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56: 3248–3252. 10.1002/art.22918PubMed
77.
go back to reference Fonollosa A, Artaraz J, Les I, Martinez-Berriotxoa A, Izquierdo JP, Lopez AS, Gardeazaba J, Berasategui B, Martinez-Alday N: Sarcoid intermediate uveitis following etanercept treatment: a case report and review of the literature. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012,20(1):44–48. 10.3109/09273948.2011.623212PubMed Fonollosa A, Artaraz J, Les I, Martinez-Berriotxoa A, Izquierdo JP, Lopez AS, Gardeazaba J, Berasategui B, Martinez-Alday N: Sarcoid intermediate uveitis following etanercept treatment: a case report and review of the literature. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012,20(1):44–48. 10.3109/09273948.2011.623212PubMed
78.
go back to reference Seve P, Varron L, Broussolle C, Denis P, Kodjikian L: Sarcoid-related uveitis occurring during adalimumab therapy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012, 20: 59–60. 10.3109/09273948.2011.623213PubMed Seve P, Varron L, Broussolle C, Denis P, Kodjikian L: Sarcoid-related uveitis occurring during adalimumab therapy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012, 20: 59–60. 10.3109/09273948.2011.623213PubMed
79.
go back to reference Daien CI, Monnier A, Claudepierre P, Constantin A, Eschard JP, Houvenagel E, Samimi M, Pavy S, Pertuiset E, Toussirot E, Combe B, Morel J: Sarcoid-like granulomatosis in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor blockers: 10 cases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009, 48: 883–886. 10.1093/rheumatology/kep046 Daien CI, Monnier A, Claudepierre P, Constantin A, Eschard JP, Houvenagel E, Samimi M, Pavy S, Pertuiset E, Toussirot E, Combe B, Morel J: Sarcoid-like granulomatosis in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor blockers: 10 cases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009, 48: 883–886. 10.1093/rheumatology/kep046
80.
go back to reference Toussirot E, Pertuiset E: TNFalpha blocking agents and sarcoidosis: an update. Rev Med Interne 2010, 31: 828–837. 10.1016/j.revmed.2010.02.007PubMed Toussirot E, Pertuiset E: TNFalpha blocking agents and sarcoidosis: an update. Rev Med Interne 2010, 31: 828–837. 10.1016/j.revmed.2010.02.007PubMed
81.
go back to reference Massara A, Cavazzini L, La Corte R, Trotta F: Sarcoidosis appearing during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: a new “class effect” paradoxical phenomenon. Two case reports and literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2010, 39: 313–319. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.11.003PubMed Massara A, Cavazzini L, La Corte R, Trotta F: Sarcoidosis appearing during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: a new “class effect” paradoxical phenomenon. Two case reports and literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2010, 39: 313–319. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2008.11.003PubMed
82.
go back to reference Viguier M, Richette P, Bachelez H, Wendling D, Aubin F: Paradoxical adverse effects of anti-TNF-alpha treatment: onset or exacerbation of cutaneous disorders. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2009, 5: 421–431. 10.1586/eci.09.18PubMed Viguier M, Richette P, Bachelez H, Wendling D, Aubin F: Paradoxical adverse effects of anti-TNF-alpha treatment: onset or exacerbation of cutaneous disorders. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2009, 5: 421–431. 10.1586/eci.09.18PubMed
83.
go back to reference Bringas Calvo R, Iglesias Cortinas D: Acute and bilateral uveitis secondary to moxifloxacin. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2004, 79: 357–359.PubMed Bringas Calvo R, Iglesias Cortinas D: Acute and bilateral uveitis secondary to moxifloxacin. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2004, 79: 357–359.PubMed
84.
go back to reference Hinkle DM, Dacey MS, Mandelcorn E, Kalyani P, Mauro J, Bates JH, Soukasian SH, Holland GN, Foster CS, Fraunfelder FT, Davis JL, Fraunfelder FW: Bilateral uveitis associated with fluoroquinolone therapy. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2012, 31: 111–116. 10.3109/15569527.2011.617024PubMed Hinkle DM, Dacey MS, Mandelcorn E, Kalyani P, Mauro J, Bates JH, Soukasian SH, Holland GN, Foster CS, Fraunfelder FT, Davis JL, Fraunfelder FW: Bilateral uveitis associated with fluoroquinolone therapy. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2012, 31: 111–116. 10.3109/15569527.2011.617024PubMed
85.
go back to reference Wefers Bettink-Remeijer M, Brouwers K, van Langenhove L, De Waard PW, Missotten TO, Martinez Ciriano JP, Van Aken E: Uveitis-like syndrome and iris transillumination after the use of oral moxifloxacin. Eye (Lond) 2009, 23: 2260–2262. 10.1038/eye.2009.234 Wefers Bettink-Remeijer M, Brouwers K, van Langenhove L, De Waard PW, Missotten TO, Martinez Ciriano JP, Van Aken E: Uveitis-like syndrome and iris transillumination after the use of oral moxifloxacin. Eye (Lond) 2009, 23: 2260–2262. 10.1038/eye.2009.234
86.
go back to reference Willermain F, Deflorenne C, Bouffioux C, Janssens X, Koch P, Caspers L: Uveitis-like syndrome and iris transillumination after the use of oral moxifloxacin. Eye (Lond) 2010, 24: 1419. Willermain F, Deflorenne C, Bouffioux C, Janssens X, Koch P, Caspers L: Uveitis-like syndrome and iris transillumination after the use of oral moxifloxacin. Eye (Lond) 2010, 24: 1419.
87.
go back to reference Tugal-Tutkun I, Araz B, Taskapili M, Akova YA, Yalniz-Akkaya Z, Berker N, Emre S, Gezer A: Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris: report of 26 new cases and four-year follow-up of two patients. Ophthalmology 2009, 116: 1552–1557. 1557.e1 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.02.019PubMed Tugal-Tutkun I, Araz B, Taskapili M, Akova YA, Yalniz-Akkaya Z, Berker N, Emre S, Gezer A: Bilateral acute depigmentation of the iris: report of 26 new cases and four-year follow-up of two patients. Ophthalmology 2009, 116: 1552–1557. 1557.e1 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.02.019PubMed
88.
go back to reference Tugal-Tutkun I, Onal S, Garip A, Taskapili M, Kazokoglu H, Kadayifcilar S, Kestelyn P: Bilateral acute iris transillumination. Arch Ophthalmol 2011,129(10):1312–1319. 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.310PubMed Tugal-Tutkun I, Onal S, Garip A, Taskapili M, Kazokoglu H, Kadayifcilar S, Kestelyn P: Bilateral acute iris transillumination. Arch Ophthalmol 2011,129(10):1312–1319. 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.310PubMed
89.
go back to reference Mazzotti L: Possibility of using the allergic reactions due to the administration of Hetrazan as an auxiliary diagnostic test for onchocerciasis in Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 1948, 9: 235–237. (in Spanish) Mazzotti L: Possibility of using the allergic reactions due to the administration of Hetrazan as an auxiliary diagnostic test for onchocerciasis in Mexico. Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales 1948, 9: 235–237. (in Spanish)
90.
go back to reference Francis H, Awadzi K, Ottesen EA: The Mazzotti reaction following treatment of onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine: clinical severity as a function of infection intensity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1985, 34: 529–536.PubMed Francis H, Awadzi K, Ottesen EA: The Mazzotti reaction following treatment of onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine: clinical severity as a function of infection intensity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1985, 34: 529–536.PubMed
91.
go back to reference Greene BM, Taylor HR, Brown EJ, Humphrey RL, Lawley TJ: Ocular and systemic complications of diethylcarbamazine therapy for onchocerciasis: association with circulating immune complexes. J Infect Dis 1983, 147: 890–897. 10.1093/infdis/147.5.890PubMed Greene BM, Taylor HR, Brown EJ, Humphrey RL, Lawley TJ: Ocular and systemic complications of diethylcarbamazine therapy for onchocerciasis: association with circulating immune complexes. J Infect Dis 1983, 147: 890–897. 10.1093/infdis/147.5.890PubMed
92.
go back to reference Bird AC, El-Sheikh H, Anderson J, Fuglsang H: Changes in visual function and in the posterior segment of the eye during treatment of onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine citrate. Br J Ophthalmol 1980, 64: 191–200. 10.1136/bjo.64.3.191PubMedCentralPubMed Bird AC, El-Sheikh H, Anderson J, Fuglsang H: Changes in visual function and in the posterior segment of the eye during treatment of onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine citrate. Br J Ophthalmol 1980, 64: 191–200. 10.1136/bjo.64.3.191PubMedCentralPubMed
93.
go back to reference Taylor HR, Greene BM: Ocular changes with oral and transepidermal diethylcarbamazine therapy of onchocerciasis. Br J Ophthalmol 1981, 65: 494–502. 10.1136/bjo.65.7.494PubMedCentralPubMed Taylor HR, Greene BM: Ocular changes with oral and transepidermal diethylcarbamazine therapy of onchocerciasis. Br J Ophthalmol 1981, 65: 494–502. 10.1136/bjo.65.7.494PubMedCentralPubMed
94.
go back to reference Taylor HR, Murphy RP, Newland HS, White AT, D’Anna SA, Keyvan-Larijani E, Aziz MA, Cupp EW, Greene BM: Treatment of onchocerciasis. The ocular effects of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine. Arch Ophthalmol 1986, 104: 863–870. 10.1001/archopht.1986.01050180097039PubMed Taylor HR, Murphy RP, Newland HS, White AT, D’Anna SA, Keyvan-Larijani E, Aziz MA, Cupp EW, Greene BM: Treatment of onchocerciasis. The ocular effects of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine. Arch Ophthalmol 1986, 104: 863–870. 10.1001/archopht.1986.01050180097039PubMed
95.
go back to reference Kinshuck D: Glauline (metipranolol) induced uveitis and increase in intraocular pressure. Br J Ophthalmol 1991, 75: 575.PubMedCentralPubMed Kinshuck D: Glauline (metipranolol) induced uveitis and increase in intraocular pressure. Br J Ophthalmol 1991, 75: 575.PubMedCentralPubMed
96.
go back to reference Akingbehin T, Villada JR: Metipranolol-associated granulomatous anterior uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1991, 75: 519–523. 10.1136/bjo.75.9.519PubMedCentralPubMed Akingbehin T, Villada JR: Metipranolol-associated granulomatous anterior uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 1991, 75: 519–523. 10.1136/bjo.75.9.519PubMedCentralPubMed
97.
go back to reference Beck RW, Moke P, Blair RC, Nissenbaum R: Uveitis associated with topical beta-blockers. Arch Ophthalmol 1996, 114: 1181–1182. 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140381002PubMed Beck RW, Moke P, Blair RC, Nissenbaum R: Uveitis associated with topical beta-blockers. Arch Ophthalmol 1996, 114: 1181–1182. 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140381002PubMed
98.
99.
go back to reference Watanabe TM, Hodes BL: Bilateral anterior uveitis associated with a brand of metipranolol. Arch Ophthalmol 1997, 115: 421–422. 10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150423020PubMed Watanabe TM, Hodes BL: Bilateral anterior uveitis associated with a brand of metipranolol. Arch Ophthalmol 1997, 115: 421–422. 10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150423020PubMed
100.
go back to reference Kamalarajah S, Johnston PB: Bilateral anterior uveitis associated with 0.3% minims metipranolol. Eye (Lond) 1999, 13(Pt 3a): 380–381. Kamalarajah S, Johnston PB: Bilateral anterior uveitis associated with 0.3% minims metipranolol. Eye (Lond) 1999, 13(Pt 3a): 380–381.
101.
go back to reference Melles RB, Wong IG: Metipranolol-associated granulomatous iritis. Am J Ophthalmol 1994, 118: 712–715.PubMed Melles RB, Wong IG: Metipranolol-associated granulomatous iritis. Am J Ophthalmol 1994, 118: 712–715.PubMed
102.
go back to reference Schultz JS, Hoenig JA, Charles H: Possible bilateral anterior uveitis secondary to metipranolol (optipranolol) therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 1993, 111: 1606–1607.PubMed Schultz JS, Hoenig JA, Charles H: Possible bilateral anterior uveitis secondary to metipranolol (optipranolol) therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 1993, 111: 1606–1607.PubMed
103.
go back to reference Akingbehin T, Villada JR, Walley T: Metipranolol-induced adverse reactions: I. The rechallenge study. Eye (Lond) 1992,6(Pt 3):277–279. Akingbehin T, Villada JR, Walley T: Metipranolol-induced adverse reactions: I. The rechallenge study. Eye (Lond) 1992,6(Pt 3):277–279.
104.
go back to reference Martins JC, Wilensky JT, Asseff CF, Obstbaum SA, Buerk KM: Corticosteroid-induced uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1974, 77: 433–437.PubMed Martins JC, Wilensky JT, Asseff CF, Obstbaum SA, Buerk KM: Corticosteroid-induced uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1974, 77: 433–437.PubMed
105.
go back to reference Krupin T, LeBlanc RP, Becker B, Kolker AE, Podos SM: Uveitis in association with topically administered corticosteroid. Am J Ophthalmol 1970, 70: 883–885.PubMed Krupin T, LeBlanc RP, Becker B, Kolker AE, Podos SM: Uveitis in association with topically administered corticosteroid. Am J Ophthalmol 1970, 70: 883–885.PubMed
106.
go back to reference Shin DH, Kass MA, Kolker AE, Becker B, Marr JJ, Bell EC: Positive FTA-ABS tests in subjects with corticosteroid-induced uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1976, 82: 259–260.PubMed Shin DH, Kass MA, Kolker AE, Becker B, Marr JJ, Bell EC: Positive FTA-ABS tests in subjects with corticosteroid-induced uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1976, 82: 259–260.PubMed
107.
go back to reference Mindel JS, Goldberg J, Tavitian HO: Similarity of the intraocular pressure response to different corticosteroid esters when compliance is controlled. Ophthalmology 1979, 86: 99–107.PubMed Mindel JS, Goldberg J, Tavitian HO: Similarity of the intraocular pressure response to different corticosteroid esters when compliance is controlled. Ophthalmology 1979, 86: 99–107.PubMed
108.
go back to reference Byles DB, Frith P, Salmon JF: Anterior uveitis as a side effect of topical brimonidine. Am J Ophthalmol 2000, 130: 287–291. 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00491-8PubMed Byles DB, Frith P, Salmon JF: Anterior uveitis as a side effect of topical brimonidine. Am J Ophthalmol 2000, 130: 287–291. 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00491-8PubMed
109.
go back to reference Becker HI, Walton RC, Diamant JI, Zegans ME: Anterior uveitis and concurrent allergic conjunctivitis associated with long-term use of topical 0.2% brimonidine tartrate. Arch Ophthalmol 2004, 122: 1063–1066. 10.1001/archopht.122.7.1063PubMed Becker HI, Walton RC, Diamant JI, Zegans ME: Anterior uveitis and concurrent allergic conjunctivitis associated with long-term use of topical 0.2% brimonidine tartrate. Arch Ophthalmol 2004, 122: 1063–1066. 10.1001/archopht.122.7.1063PubMed
110.
go back to reference Nguyen EV, Azar D, Papalkar D, McCluskey P: Brimonidine-induced anterior uveitis and conjunctivitis: clinical and histologic features. J Glaucoma 2008, 17: 40–42. 10.1097/IJG.0b013e3181132188PubMed Nguyen EV, Azar D, Papalkar D, McCluskey P: Brimonidine-induced anterior uveitis and conjunctivitis: clinical and histologic features. J Glaucoma 2008, 17: 40–42. 10.1097/IJG.0b013e3181132188PubMed
111.
go back to reference Cates CA, Jeffrey MN: Granulomatous anterior uveitis associated with 0.2% topical brimonidine. Eye (Lond) 2003, 17: 670–671. 10.1038/sj.eye.6700392 Cates CA, Jeffrey MN: Granulomatous anterior uveitis associated with 0.2% topical brimonidine. Eye (Lond) 2003, 17: 670–671. 10.1038/sj.eye.6700392
112.
go back to reference Goyal R, Ram AR: Brimonidine tartarate 0.2% (Alphagan) associated granulomatous anterior uveitis. Eye (Lond) 2000, 14: 908–910. 10.1038/eye.2000.250 Goyal R, Ram AR: Brimonidine tartarate 0.2% (Alphagan) associated granulomatous anterior uveitis. Eye (Lond) 2000, 14: 908–910. 10.1038/eye.2000.250
113.
go back to reference Velasque L, Ducousso F, Pernod L, Vignal R, Deral V: Anterior uveitis and topical brimonidine: a case report. J Fr Ophtalmol 2004, 27: 1150–1152. 10.1016/S0181-5512(04)96285-7PubMed Velasque L, Ducousso F, Pernod L, Vignal R, Deral V: Anterior uveitis and topical brimonidine: a case report. J Fr Ophtalmol 2004, 27: 1150–1152. 10.1016/S0181-5512(04)96285-7PubMed
114.
go back to reference Hondeghem K, Augustinus B, De Smet MD: Bilateral granulomatous uveitis as a side effect of topical brimonidine: two case reports. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 2009, 311: 51–52.PubMed Hondeghem K, Augustinus B, De Smet MD: Bilateral granulomatous uveitis as a side effect of topical brimonidine: two case reports. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 2009, 311: 51–52.PubMed
115.
go back to reference Camras CB: Comparison of latanoprost and timolol in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma: a six-month masked, multicenter trial in the United States. The United States Latanoprost Study Group. Ophthalmology 1996, 103: 138–147.PubMed Camras CB: Comparison of latanoprost and timolol in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma: a six-month masked, multicenter trial in the United States. The United States Latanoprost Study Group. Ophthalmology 1996, 103: 138–147.PubMed
116.
go back to reference Alm A, Stjernschantz J: Effects on intraocular pressure and side effects of 0.005% Latanoprost applied once daily, evening or morning. A comparison with timolol. Scandinavian Latanoprost Study Group. Ophthalmology 1995, 102: 1743–1752.PubMed Alm A, Stjernschantz J: Effects on intraocular pressure and side effects of 0.005% Latanoprost applied once daily, evening or morning. A comparison with timolol. Scandinavian Latanoprost Study Group. Ophthalmology 1995, 102: 1743–1752.PubMed
117.
go back to reference Gabelt BT, Kaufman PL: Prostaglandin F2 alpha increases uveoscleral outflow in the cynomolgus monkey. Exp Eye Res 1989, 49: 389–402. 10.1016/0014-4835(89)90049-3PubMed Gabelt BT, Kaufman PL: Prostaglandin F2 alpha increases uveoscleral outflow in the cynomolgus monkey. Exp Eye Res 1989, 49: 389–402. 10.1016/0014-4835(89)90049-3PubMed
118.
go back to reference Bito LZ: Prostaglandins: a new approach to glaucoma management with a new, intriguing side effect. Surv Ophthalmol 1997,41(Suppl 2):S1-S14.PubMed Bito LZ: Prostaglandins: a new approach to glaucoma management with a new, intriguing side effect. Surv Ophthalmol 1997,41(Suppl 2):S1-S14.PubMed
119.
go back to reference Grierson I, Jonsson M, Cracknell K: Latanoprost and pigmentation. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004, 48: 602–612. 10.1007/s10384-004-0110-yPubMed Grierson I, Jonsson M, Cracknell K: Latanoprost and pigmentation. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004, 48: 602–612. 10.1007/s10384-004-0110-yPubMed
120.
go back to reference Eakins KE: Prostaglandin and non-prostaglandin mediated breeakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Exp Eye Res 1977,25(Suppl):483–498.PubMed Eakins KE: Prostaglandin and non-prostaglandin mediated breeakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Exp Eye Res 1977,25(Suppl):483–498.PubMed
121.
go back to reference Unger WG: Mediation of the ocular response to injury and irritation: peptides versus prostaglandins. Prog Clin Biol Res 1989, 312: 293–328.PubMed Unger WG: Mediation of the ocular response to injury and irritation: peptides versus prostaglandins. Prog Clin Biol Res 1989, 312: 293–328.PubMed
122.
go back to reference Warwar RE, Bullock JD, Ballal D: Cystoid macular edema and anterior uveitis associated with latanoprost use. Experience and incidence in a retrospective review of 94 patients. Ophthalmology 1998, 105: 263–268. 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)92977-3PubMed Warwar RE, Bullock JD, Ballal D: Cystoid macular edema and anterior uveitis associated with latanoprost use. Experience and incidence in a retrospective review of 94 patients. Ophthalmology 1998, 105: 263–268. 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)92977-3PubMed
123.
go back to reference Fechtner RD, Khouri AS, Zimmerman TJ, Bullock J, Feldman R, Kulkarni P, Michael AJ, Realini T, Warwar R: Anterior uveitis associated with latanoprost. Am J Ophthalmol 1998, 126: 37–41. 10.1016/S0002-9394(98)00071-3PubMed Fechtner RD, Khouri AS, Zimmerman TJ, Bullock J, Feldman R, Kulkarni P, Michael AJ, Realini T, Warwar R: Anterior uveitis associated with latanoprost. Am J Ophthalmol 1998, 126: 37–41. 10.1016/S0002-9394(98)00071-3PubMed
124.
go back to reference Lopilly Park HY, Kim JH, Lee KM, Park CK: Effect of prostaglandin analogues on tear proteomics and expression of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in the conjunctiva and cornea. Exp Eye Res 2012, 94: 13–21. 10.1016/j.exer.2011.10.017PubMed Lopilly Park HY, Kim JH, Lee KM, Park CK: Effect of prostaglandin analogues on tear proteomics and expression of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in the conjunctiva and cornea. Exp Eye Res 2012, 94: 13–21. 10.1016/j.exer.2011.10.017PubMed
125.
go back to reference Chang JH, McCluskey P, Missotten T, Ferrante P, Jalaludin B, Lightman S: Use of ocular hypotensive prostaglandin analogues in patients with uveitis: does their use increase anterior uveitis and cystoid macular oedema? Br J Ophthalmol 2008, 92: 916–921. 10.1136/bjo.2007.131037PubMed Chang JH, McCluskey P, Missotten T, Ferrante P, Jalaludin B, Lightman S: Use of ocular hypotensive prostaglandin analogues in patients with uveitis: does their use increase anterior uveitis and cystoid macular oedema? Br J Ophthalmol 2008, 92: 916–921. 10.1136/bjo.2007.131037PubMed
126.
go back to reference Kirsch LS, Arevalo JF, Chavez De La Paz E, Munguia D, De Clercq E, Freeman WR: Intravitreal cidofovir (HPMPC) treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ophthalmology 1995, 102: 533–542. discussion 42–43PubMed Kirsch LS, Arevalo JF, Chavez De La Paz E, Munguia D, De Clercq E, Freeman WR: Intravitreal cidofovir (HPMPC) treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ophthalmology 1995, 102: 533–542. discussion 42–43PubMed
127.
go back to reference Gheith ME, Siam GA, de Barros DS, Garg SJ, Moster MR: Role of intravitreal bevacizumab in neovascular glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2007, 23: 487–491. 10.1089/jop.2007.0036PubMed Gheith ME, Siam GA, de Barros DS, Garg SJ, Moster MR: Role of intravitreal bevacizumab in neovascular glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2007, 23: 487–491. 10.1089/jop.2007.0036PubMed
128.
go back to reference Rosenfeld PJ, Brown DM, Heier JS, Boyer DS, Kaiser PK, Chung CY, Kim RY: Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2006, 355: 1419–1431. 10.1056/NEJMoa054481PubMed Rosenfeld PJ, Brown DM, Heier JS, Boyer DS, Kaiser PK, Chung CY, Kim RY: Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2006, 355: 1419–1431. 10.1056/NEJMoa054481PubMed
129.
go back to reference Martin DF, Maguire MG, Fine SL, Ying GS, Jaffe GJ, Grunwald JE, Toth C, Redford M, Ferris FL 3rd: Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results. Ophthalmology 2012, 119: 1388–1398. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.03.053PubMedCentralPubMed Martin DF, Maguire MG, Fine SL, Ying GS, Jaffe GJ, Grunwald JE, Toth C, Redford M, Ferris FL 3rd: Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results. Ophthalmology 2012, 119: 1388–1398. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.03.053PubMedCentralPubMed
130.
go back to reference Martin DF, Maguire MG, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Fine SL, Jaffe GJ: Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2011, 364: 1897–1908.PubMed Martin DF, Maguire MG, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Fine SL, Jaffe GJ: Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2011, 364: 1897–1908.PubMed
131.
go back to reference Campochiaro PA, Brown DM, Awh CC, Lee SY, Gray S, Saroj N, Murahashi WY, Rubio RG: Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: twelve-month outcomes of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 2041–2049. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.038PubMed Campochiaro PA, Brown DM, Awh CC, Lee SY, Gray S, Saroj N, Murahashi WY, Rubio RG: Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: twelve-month outcomes of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 2041–2049. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.038PubMed
132.
go back to reference Brown DM, Campochiaro PA, Singh RP, Li Z, Gray S, Saroj N, Rundle AC, Rubio RG, Murahashi WY: Ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2010, 117: 1124–1133. e1 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.022PubMed Brown DM, Campochiaro PA, Singh RP, Li Z, Gray S, Saroj N, Rundle AC, Rubio RG, Murahashi WY: Ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2010, 117: 1124–1133. e1 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.022PubMed
133.
go back to reference Brown DM, Michels M, Kaiser PK, Heier JS, Sy JP, Ianchulev T: Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of the ANCHOR study. Ophthalmology 2009, 116: 57–65. e5 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.10.018PubMed Brown DM, Michels M, Kaiser PK, Heier JS, Sy JP, Ianchulev T: Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of the ANCHOR study. Ophthalmology 2009, 116: 57–65. e5 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.10.018PubMed
134.
go back to reference Brown DM, Campochiaro PA, Bhisitkul RB, Ho AC, Gray S, Saroj N, Adamis AP, Rubio RG, Murahashi WY: Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: 12-month outcomes of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 1594–1602. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.022PubMed Brown DM, Campochiaro PA, Bhisitkul RB, Ho AC, Gray S, Saroj N, Adamis AP, Rubio RG, Murahashi WY: Sustained benefits from ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: 12-month outcomes of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 1594–1602. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.022PubMed
135.
go back to reference Campochiaro PA, Heier JS, Feiner L, Gray S, Saroj N, Rundle AC, Murahashi WY, Rubio RG: Ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2010, 117: 1102–1112. e1 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.021PubMed Campochiaro PA, Heier JS, Feiner L, Gray S, Saroj N, Rundle AC, Murahashi WY, Rubio RG: Ranibizumab for macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study. Ophthalmology 2010, 117: 1102–1112. e1 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.02.021PubMed
136.
go back to reference Brown DM, Kaiser PK, Michels M, Soubrane G, Heier JS, Kim RY, Sy JP, Schneider S: Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2006, 355: 1432–1444. 10.1056/NEJMoa062655PubMed Brown DM, Kaiser PK, Michels M, Soubrane G, Heier JS, Kim RY, Sy JP, Schneider S: Ranibizumab versus verteporfin for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2006, 355: 1432–1444. 10.1056/NEJMoa062655PubMed
137.
go back to reference Heier JS, Boyer D, Nguyen QD, Marcus D, Roth DB, Yancopoulos G, Stahl N, Ingerman A, Vitti R, Berliner AJ, Yang K, Brown DM: The 1-year results of CLEAR-IT 2, a phase 2 study of vascular endothelial growth factor trap-eye dosed as-needed after 12-week fixed dosing. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 1098–1106. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.020PubMed Heier JS, Boyer D, Nguyen QD, Marcus D, Roth DB, Yancopoulos G, Stahl N, Ingerman A, Vitti R, Berliner AJ, Yang K, Brown DM: The 1-year results of CLEAR-IT 2, a phase 2 study of vascular endothelial growth factor trap-eye dosed as-needed after 12-week fixed dosing. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 1098–1106. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.03.020PubMed
138.
go back to reference Boyer D, Heier J, Brown DM, Clark WL, Vitti R, Berliner AJ, Groetzbach G, Zeitz O, Sandbrink R, Zhu X, Beckmann K, Haller JA: Vascular endothelial growth factor Trap-Eye for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: six-month results of the phase 3 COPERNICUS study. Ophthalmology 2012, 119: 1024–1032. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.01.042PubMed Boyer D, Heier J, Brown DM, Clark WL, Vitti R, Berliner AJ, Groetzbach G, Zeitz O, Sandbrink R, Zhu X, Beckmann K, Haller JA: Vascular endothelial growth factor Trap-Eye for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: six-month results of the phase 3 COPERNICUS study. Ophthalmology 2012, 119: 1024–1032. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.01.042PubMed
139.
go back to reference Do DV, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Gonzalez VH, Gordon CM, Tolentino M, Berliner AJ, Vitti R, Ruckert R, Sandbrink R, Stein D, Yang K, Beckmann K, Heier JS: The DA VINCI Study: phase 2 primary results of VEGF Trap-Eye in patients with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 1819–1826. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.018PubMed Do DV, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Gonzalez VH, Gordon CM, Tolentino M, Berliner AJ, Vitti R, Ruckert R, Sandbrink R, Stein D, Yang K, Beckmann K, Heier JS: The DA VINCI Study: phase 2 primary results of VEGF Trap-Eye in patients with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 1819–1826. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.018PubMed
140.
go back to reference Regillo CD, Brown DM, Abraham P, Yue H, Ianchulev T, Schneider S, Shams N: Randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled trial of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: PIER Study year 1. Am J Ophthalmol 2008, 145: 239–248. 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.10.004PubMed Regillo CD, Brown DM, Abraham P, Yue H, Ianchulev T, Schneider S, Shams N: Randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled trial of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: PIER Study year 1. Am J Ophthalmol 2008, 145: 239–248. 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.10.004PubMed
141.
go back to reference Fung AE, Lalwani GA, Rosenfeld PJ, Dubovy SR, Michels S, Feuer WJ, Puliafito CA, Davis JL, Flynn HW Jr, Esquiabro M: An optical coherence tomography-guided, variable dosing regimen with intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2007, 143: 566–583. 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.01.028PubMed Fung AE, Lalwani GA, Rosenfeld PJ, Dubovy SR, Michels S, Feuer WJ, Puliafito CA, Davis JL, Flynn HW Jr, Esquiabro M: An optical coherence tomography-guided, variable dosing regimen with intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2007, 143: 566–583. 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.01.028PubMed
142.
go back to reference Massin P, Bandello F, Garweg JG, Hansen LL, Harding SP, Larsen M, Mitchell P, Sharp D, Wolf-Schnurrbusch UE, Gekkieva M, Weichselberger A, Wolf S: Safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (RESOLVE Study): a 12-month, randomized, controlled, double-masked, multicenter phase II study. Diabetes Care 2010, 33: 2399–2405. 10.2337/dc10-0493PubMedCentralPubMed Massin P, Bandello F, Garweg JG, Hansen LL, Harding SP, Larsen M, Mitchell P, Sharp D, Wolf-Schnurrbusch UE, Gekkieva M, Weichselberger A, Wolf S: Safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema (RESOLVE Study): a 12-month, randomized, controlled, double-masked, multicenter phase II study. Diabetes Care 2010, 33: 2399–2405. 10.2337/dc10-0493PubMedCentralPubMed
143.
go back to reference Chakravarthy U, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET Jr, Goldbaum M, Guyer DR, Katz B, Patel M: Year 2 efficacy results of 2 randomized controlled clinical trials of pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2006, 113: 1508. e1–25PubMed Chakravarthy U, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET Jr, Goldbaum M, Guyer DR, Katz B, Patel M: Year 2 efficacy results of 2 randomized controlled clinical trials of pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2006, 113: 1508. e1–25PubMed
144.
go back to reference Singerman LJ, Masonson H, Patel M, Adamis AP, Buggage R, Cunningham ET Jr, Goldbaum M, Katz B, Guyer D: Pegaptanib sodium for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: third-year safety results of the VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularisation (VISION) trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2008, 92: 1606–1611. 10.1136/bjo.2007.132597PubMedCentralPubMed Singerman LJ, Masonson H, Patel M, Adamis AP, Buggage R, Cunningham ET Jr, Goldbaum M, Katz B, Guyer D: Pegaptanib sodium for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: third-year safety results of the VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularisation (VISION) trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2008, 92: 1606–1611. 10.1136/bjo.2007.132597PubMedCentralPubMed
145.
go back to reference Pieramici DJ, Avery RL, Castellarin AA, Nasir MA, Rabena M: Case of anterior uveitis after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Retina 2006, 26: 841–842. 10.1097/01.iae.0000234629.22614.cdPubMed Pieramici DJ, Avery RL, Castellarin AA, Nasir MA, Rabena M: Case of anterior uveitis after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Retina 2006, 26: 841–842. 10.1097/01.iae.0000234629.22614.cdPubMed
146.
go back to reference Bakri SJ, Larson TA, Edwards AO: Intraocular inflammation following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008, 246: 779–781. 10.1007/s00417-007-0754-7PubMed Bakri SJ, Larson TA, Edwards AO: Intraocular inflammation following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008, 246: 779–781. 10.1007/s00417-007-0754-7PubMed
147.
go back to reference Ladas ID, Karagiannis DA, Rouvas AA, Kotsolis AI, Liotsou A, Vergados I: Safety of repeat intravitreal injections of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab: our experience after 2,000 injections. Retina 2009, 29: 313–318. 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31819a5f98PubMed Ladas ID, Karagiannis DA, Rouvas AA, Kotsolis AI, Liotsou A, Vergados I: Safety of repeat intravitreal injections of bevacizumab versus ranibizumab: our experience after 2,000 injections. Retina 2009, 29: 313–318. 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31819a5f98PubMed
148.
go back to reference Chong DY, Anand R, Williams PD, Qureshi JA, Callanan DG: Characterization of sterile intraocular inflammatory responses after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Retina 2010, 30: 1432–1440. 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181dc04daPubMed Chong DY, Anand R, Williams PD, Qureshi JA, Callanan DG: Characterization of sterile intraocular inflammatory responses after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Retina 2010, 30: 1432–1440. 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181dc04daPubMed
149.
go back to reference Sato T, Emi K, Ikeda T, Bando H, Sato S, Morita S, Oyagi T, Sawada K: Severe intraocular inflammation after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Ophthalmology 2010, 117: 512–516. 516e1–2 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.041PubMed Sato T, Emi K, Ikeda T, Bando H, Sato S, Morita S, Oyagi T, Sawada K: Severe intraocular inflammation after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. Ophthalmology 2010, 117: 512–516. 516e1–2 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.041PubMed
150.
go back to reference Yamashiro K, Tsujikawa A, Miyamoto K, Oh H, Otani A, Tamuara H, Ooto S, Sasahara M, Iwama D, Yoshimura N: Sterile endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab obtained from a single batch. Retina 2010, 30: 485–490. 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181bd2d51PubMed Yamashiro K, Tsujikawa A, Miyamoto K, Oh H, Otani A, Tamuara H, Ooto S, Sasahara M, Iwama D, Yoshimura N: Sterile endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab obtained from a single batch. Retina 2010, 30: 485–490. 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181bd2d51PubMed
151.
go back to reference Yenerel NM, Dinc UA, Gorgun E: A case of sterile endophthalmitis after repeated intravitreal bevacizumab injection. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2008, 24: 362–363. 10.1089/jop.2007.0126PubMed Yenerel NM, Dinc UA, Gorgun E: A case of sterile endophthalmitis after repeated intravitreal bevacizumab injection. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2008, 24: 362–363. 10.1089/jop.2007.0126PubMed
152.
go back to reference Jonas JB, Spandau UH, Rensch F, Von Baltz S, Schlichtenbrede F: Infectious and noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2007, 23: 240–242. 10.1089/jop.2006.0146PubMed Jonas JB, Spandau UH, Rensch F, Von Baltz S, Schlichtenbrede F: Infectious and noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2007, 23: 240–242. 10.1089/jop.2006.0146PubMed
153.
go back to reference Fung AE, Rosenfeld PJ, Reichel E: The International Intravitreal Bevacizumab Safety Survey: using the internet to assess drug safety worldwide. Br J Ophthalmol 2006, 90: 1344–1349. 10.1136/bjo.2006.099598PubMedCentralPubMed Fung AE, Rosenfeld PJ, Reichel E: The International Intravitreal Bevacizumab Safety Survey: using the internet to assess drug safety worldwide. Br J Ophthalmol 2006, 90: 1344–1349. 10.1136/bjo.2006.099598PubMedCentralPubMed
154.
go back to reference Gragoudas ES, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET Jr, Feinsod M, Guyer DR: Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2004, 351: 2805–2816. 10.1056/NEJMoa042760PubMed Gragoudas ES, Adamis AP, Cunningham ET Jr, Feinsod M, Guyer DR: Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2004, 351: 2805–2816. 10.1056/NEJMoa042760PubMed
155.
go back to reference Apte RS, Modi M, Masonson H, Patel M, Whitfield L, Adamis AP: Pegaptanib 1-year systemic safety results from a safety-pharmacokinetic trial in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2007, 114: 1702–1712.PubMed Apte RS, Modi M, Masonson H, Patel M, Whitfield L, Adamis AP: Pegaptanib 1-year systemic safety results from a safety-pharmacokinetic trial in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2007, 114: 1702–1712.PubMed
156.
go back to reference Boyer DS, Heier JS, Brown DM, Francom SF, Ianchulev T, Rubio RG: A Phase IIIb study to evaluate the safety of ranibizumab in subjects with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2009, 116: 1731–1739. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.024PubMed Boyer DS, Heier JS, Brown DM, Francom SF, Ianchulev T, Rubio RG: A Phase IIIb study to evaluate the safety of ranibizumab in subjects with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2009, 116: 1731–1739. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.024PubMed
157.
go back to reference Antoszyk AN, Tuomi L, Chung CY, Singh A: Ranibizumab combined with verteporfin photodynamic therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (FOCUS): year 2 results. Am J Ophthalmol 2008, 145: 862–874. 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.12.029PubMed Antoszyk AN, Tuomi L, Chung CY, Singh A: Ranibizumab combined with verteporfin photodynamic therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (FOCUS): year 2 results. Am J Ophthalmol 2008, 145: 862–874. 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.12.029PubMed
158.
go back to reference Heier JS, Boyer DS, Ciulla TA, Ferrone PJ, Jumper JM, Gentile RC, Kotlovker D, Chung CY, Kim RY: Ranibizumab combined with verteporfin photodynamic therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: year 1 results of the FOCUS Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2006, 124: 1532–1542. 10.1001/archopht.124.11.1532PubMed Heier JS, Boyer DS, Ciulla TA, Ferrone PJ, Jumper JM, Gentile RC, Kotlovker D, Chung CY, Kim RY: Ranibizumab combined with verteporfin photodynamic therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: year 1 results of the FOCUS Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2006, 124: 1532–1542. 10.1001/archopht.124.11.1532PubMed
159.
go back to reference Wu L, Martinez-Castellanos MA, Quiroz-Mercado H, Arevalo JF, Berrocal MH, Farah ME, Maia M, Roca JA, Rodriguez FJ: Twelve-month safety of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (Avastin): results of the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008, 246: 81–87.PubMed Wu L, Martinez-Castellanos MA, Quiroz-Mercado H, Arevalo JF, Berrocal MH, Farah ME, Maia M, Roca JA, Rodriguez FJ: Twelve-month safety of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (Avastin): results of the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008, 246: 81–87.PubMed
160.
go back to reference Antonopoulos C, Stem M, Comer GM: Acute anterior uveitis following intravitreal bevacizumab but not subsequent ranibizumab. Clin Ophthalmol 2011, 5: 1659–1662.PubMedCentralPubMed Antonopoulos C, Stem M, Comer GM: Acute anterior uveitis following intravitreal bevacizumab but not subsequent ranibizumab. Clin Ophthalmol 2011, 5: 1659–1662.PubMedCentralPubMed
161.
go back to reference Kay CN, Tarantola RM, Gehrs KM, Folk JC, Mahajan VB, Boldt HC, Syed NA, Russell SR: Uveitis following intravitreal bevacizumab: a non-infectious cluster. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2011, 42: 292–296. 10.3928/15428877-20110603-04PubMed Kay CN, Tarantola RM, Gehrs KM, Folk JC, Mahajan VB, Boldt HC, Syed NA, Russell SR: Uveitis following intravitreal bevacizumab: a non-infectious cluster. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2011, 42: 292–296. 10.3928/15428877-20110603-04PubMed
162.
go back to reference Georgopoulos M, Polak K, Prager F, Prunte C, Schmidt-Erfurth U: Characteristics of severe intraocular inflammation following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin). Br J Ophthalmol 2009, 93: 457–462. 10.1136/bjo.2008.138479PubMed Georgopoulos M, Polak K, Prager F, Prunte C, Schmidt-Erfurth U: Characteristics of severe intraocular inflammation following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin). Br J Ophthalmol 2009, 93: 457–462. 10.1136/bjo.2008.138479PubMed
163.
go back to reference Wickremasinghe SS, Michalova K, Gilhotra J, Guymer RH, Harper CA, Wong TY, Qureshi S: Acute intraocular inflammation after intravitreous injections of bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2008, 115: 1911–1915. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.05.007PubMed Wickremasinghe SS, Michalova K, Gilhotra J, Guymer RH, Harper CA, Wong TY, Qureshi S: Acute intraocular inflammation after intravitreous injections of bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology 2008, 115: 1911–1915. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.05.007PubMed
164.
go back to reference Shah CP, Garg SJ, Vander JF, Brown GC, Kaiser RS, Haller JA: Outcomes and risk factors associated with endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 2028–2034. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.034PubMed Shah CP, Garg SJ, Vander JF, Brown GC, Kaiser RS, Haller JA: Outcomes and risk factors associated with endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 2028–2034. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.02.034PubMed
165.
go back to reference Day S, Acquah K, Mruthyunjaya P, Grossman DS, Lee PP, Sloan FA: Ocular complications after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in Medicare patients with age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2011, 152: 266–272. 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.01.053PubMedCentralPubMed Day S, Acquah K, Mruthyunjaya P, Grossman DS, Lee PP, Sloan FA: Ocular complications after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in Medicare patients with age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2011, 152: 266–272. 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.01.053PubMedCentralPubMed
166.
go back to reference Schmidt-Erfurth U, Eldem B, Guymer R, Korobelnik JF, Schlingemann RO, Axer-Siegel R, Wiedemann P, Simader C, Gekkieva M, Weichselberger A: Efficacy and safety of monthly versus quarterly ranibizumab treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the EXCITE study. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 831–839. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.09.004PubMed Schmidt-Erfurth U, Eldem B, Guymer R, Korobelnik JF, Schlingemann RO, Axer-Siegel R, Wiedemann P, Simader C, Gekkieva M, Weichselberger A: Efficacy and safety of monthly versus quarterly ranibizumab treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the EXCITE study. Ophthalmology 2011, 118: 831–839. 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.09.004PubMed
167.
go back to reference Scott IU, Ip MS, VanVeldhuisen PC, Oden NL, Blodi BA, Fisher M, Chan CK, Gonzalez VH, Singerman LJ, Tolentino M: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with standard care to treat vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) study report 6. Arch Ophthalmol 2009, 127: 1115–1128.PubMedCentralPubMed Scott IU, Ip MS, VanVeldhuisen PC, Oden NL, Blodi BA, Fisher M, Chan CK, Gonzalez VH, Singerman LJ, Tolentino M: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with standard care to treat vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) study report 6. Arch Ophthalmol 2009, 127: 1115–1128.PubMedCentralPubMed
168.
go back to reference Ip MS, Scott IU, VanVeldhuisen PC, Oden NL, Blodi BA, Fisher M, Singerman LJ, Tolentino M, Chan CK, Gonzalez VH: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with observation to treat vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) study report 5. Arch Ophthalmol 2009, 127: 1101–1114.PubMedCentralPubMed Ip MS, Scott IU, VanVeldhuisen PC, Oden NL, Blodi BA, Fisher M, Singerman LJ, Tolentino M, Chan CK, Gonzalez VH: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone with observation to treat vision loss associated with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for Retinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) study report 5. Arch Ophthalmol 2009, 127: 1101–1114.PubMedCentralPubMed
169.
go back to reference Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network: A randomized trial comparing intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and focal/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2008, 115: 1447–1449. 1449.e1–10PubMedCentral Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network: A randomized trial comparing intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and focal/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2008, 115: 1447–1449. 1449.e1–10PubMedCentral
170.
go back to reference Wang LC, Yang CM: Sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2005, 13: 295–300. 10.1080/09273940590951007PubMed Wang LC, Yang CM: Sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2005, 13: 295–300. 10.1080/09273940590951007PubMed
171.
go back to reference Moshfeghi DM, Kaiser PK, Bakri SJ, Kaiser RS, Maturi RK, Sears JE, Scott IU, Belmont J, Beer PM, Quiroz-Mercado H, Mieler WF: Presumed sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005, 36: 24–29.PubMed Moshfeghi DM, Kaiser PK, Bakri SJ, Kaiser RS, Maturi RK, Sears JE, Scott IU, Belmont J, Beer PM, Quiroz-Mercado H, Mieler WF: Presumed sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005, 36: 24–29.PubMed
172.
go back to reference Roth DB, Chieh J, Spirn MJ, Green SN, Yarian DL, Chaudhry NA: Noninfectious endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Arch Ophthalmol 2003, 121: 1279–1282. 10.1001/archopht.121.9.1279PubMed Roth DB, Chieh J, Spirn MJ, Green SN, Yarian DL, Chaudhry NA: Noninfectious endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Arch Ophthalmol 2003, 121: 1279–1282. 10.1001/archopht.121.9.1279PubMed
173.
go back to reference Nelson ML, Tennant MT, Sivalingam A, Regillo CD, Belmont JB, Martidis A: Infectious and presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Retina 2003, 23: 686–691. 10.1097/00006982-200310000-00014PubMed Nelson ML, Tennant MT, Sivalingam A, Regillo CD, Belmont JB, Martidis A: Infectious and presumed noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Retina 2003, 23: 686–691. 10.1097/00006982-200310000-00014PubMed
174.
go back to reference Ozkiris A, Erkilic K: Complications of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Can J Ophthalmol 2005, 40: 63–68.PubMed Ozkiris A, Erkilic K: Complications of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Can J Ophthalmol 2005, 40: 63–68.PubMed
175.
go back to reference Jonisch J, Lai JC, Deramo VA, Flug AJ, Fastenberg DM: Increased incidence of sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal preserved triamcinolone acetonide. Br J Ophthalmol 2008, 92: 1051–1054. 10.1136/bjo.2007.136069PubMed Jonisch J, Lai JC, Deramo VA, Flug AJ, Fastenberg DM: Increased incidence of sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal preserved triamcinolone acetonide. Br J Ophthalmol 2008, 92: 1051–1054. 10.1136/bjo.2007.136069PubMed
176.
go back to reference Simon S, Gray T, Dhanapala M, Gilhotra J: Pseudohypopyon following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in a phakic eye. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2010, 38: 76–77.PubMed Simon S, Gray T, Dhanapala M, Gilhotra J: Pseudohypopyon following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in a phakic eye. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2010, 38: 76–77.PubMed
177.
go back to reference Sharma MC, Lai WW, Shapiro MJ: Pseudohypopyon following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Cornea 2004, 23: 398–399. 10.1097/00003226-200405000-00016PubMed Sharma MC, Lai WW, Shapiro MJ: Pseudohypopyon following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Cornea 2004, 23: 398–399. 10.1097/00003226-200405000-00016PubMed
178.
go back to reference Moshfeghi AA, Scott IU, Flynn HW Jr, Puliafito CA: Pseudohypopyon after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for cystoid macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2004, 138: 489–492. 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.03.025PubMed Moshfeghi AA, Scott IU, Flynn HW Jr, Puliafito CA: Pseudohypopyon after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for cystoid macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2004, 138: 489–492. 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.03.025PubMed
179.
go back to reference Lam A, Garg SJ, Spirn MJ, Fineman M, Sivalingam A: Sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide. Retinal Cases and Brief Reports 2008, 2: 228–230. 10.1097/ICB.0b013e31811324a0PubMed Lam A, Garg SJ, Spirn MJ, Fineman M, Sivalingam A: Sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide. Retinal Cases and Brief Reports 2008, 2: 228–230. 10.1097/ICB.0b013e31811324a0PubMed
180.
go back to reference Maia M, Farah ME, Belfort RN, Penha FM, Lima Filho AA, Aggio FB, Jr Belfort R: Effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection with and without preservative. Br J Ophthalmol 2007, 91: 1122–1124. 10.1136/bjo.2007.115386PubMedCentralPubMed Maia M, Farah ME, Belfort RN, Penha FM, Lima Filho AA, Aggio FB, Jr Belfort R: Effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection with and without preservative. Br J Ophthalmol 2007, 91: 1122–1124. 10.1136/bjo.2007.115386PubMedCentralPubMed
181.
go back to reference Jonas JB, Kreissig I, Spandau UH, Harder B: Infectious and noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal high-dosage triamcinolone acetonide. Am J Ophthalmol 2006, 141: 579–580. 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.10.007PubMed Jonas JB, Kreissig I, Spandau UH, Harder B: Infectious and noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal high-dosage triamcinolone acetonide. Am J Ophthalmol 2006, 141: 579–580. 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.10.007PubMed
182.
go back to reference Taban M, Singh RP, Chung JY, Lowder CY, Perez VL, Kaiser PK: Sterile endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone: a possible association with uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2007, 144: 50–54. 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.03.051PubMed Taban M, Singh RP, Chung JY, Lowder CY, Perez VL, Kaiser PK: Sterile endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone: a possible association with uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2007, 144: 50–54. 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.03.051PubMed
183.
go back to reference Salz D, Prenner J, Cunningham ETJ: Local complications of IV anti-VEGF therapy. Review of Ophthalmology 2010, 17: 66–75. Salz D, Prenner J, Cunningham ETJ: Local complications of IV anti-VEGF therapy. Review of Ophthalmology 2010, 17: 66–75.
184.
go back to reference Spratt A, Key T, Vivian AJ: Chronic anterior uveitis following bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination: molecular mimicry in action? J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2008, 45: 252–253. 10.3928/01913913-20080701-15PubMed Spratt A, Key T, Vivian AJ: Chronic anterior uveitis following bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination: molecular mimicry in action? J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2008, 45: 252–253. 10.3928/01913913-20080701-15PubMed
185.
go back to reference Garip A, Diedrichs-Mohring M, Thurau SR, Deeg CA, Wildner G: Uveitis in a patient treated with Bacille-Calmette-Guerin: possible antigenic mimicry of mycobacterial and retinal antigens. Ophthalmology 2009, 116: 2457–2462. e1–2 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.021PubMed Garip A, Diedrichs-Mohring M, Thurau SR, Deeg CA, Wildner G: Uveitis in a patient treated with Bacille-Calmette-Guerin: possible antigenic mimicry of mycobacterial and retinal antigens. Ophthalmology 2009, 116: 2457–2462. e1–2 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.05.021PubMed
186.
go back to reference Morton DL, Eilber FR, Holmes EC, Hunt JS, Ketcham AS, Silverstein MJ, Sparks FC: BCG immunotherapy of malignant melanoma: summary of a seven-year experience. Ann Surg 1974, 180: 635–643. 10.1097/00000658-197410000-00029PubMedCentralPubMed Morton DL, Eilber FR, Holmes EC, Hunt JS, Ketcham AS, Silverstein MJ, Sparks FC: BCG immunotherapy of malignant melanoma: summary of a seven-year experience. Ann Surg 1974, 180: 635–643. 10.1097/00000658-197410000-00029PubMedCentralPubMed
187.
go back to reference Pancaldi P, Van Linthoudt D, Alborino D, Haefliger JM, Ott H: Reiter’s syndrome after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma. Br J Rheumatol 1993, 32: 1096–1098. 10.1093/rheumatology/32.12.1096PubMed Pancaldi P, Van Linthoudt D, Alborino D, Haefliger JM, Ott H: Reiter’s syndrome after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment for superficial bladder carcinoma. Br J Rheumatol 1993, 32: 1096–1098. 10.1093/rheumatology/32.12.1096PubMed
188.
go back to reference Faus S, Martinez Montauti JM, Puig L: Reiter’s syndrome after administration of intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin. Clin Infect Dis 1993, 17: 526–527. 10.1093/clinids/17.3.526PubMed Faus S, Martinez Montauti JM, Puig L: Reiter’s syndrome after administration of intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin. Clin Infect Dis 1993, 17: 526–527. 10.1093/clinids/17.3.526PubMed
189.
go back to reference Donaldson RC, Canaan SA Jr, McLean RB, Ackerman LV: Uveitis and vitiligo associated with BCG treatment for malignant melanoma. Surgery 1974, 76: 771–778.PubMed Donaldson RC, Canaan SA Jr, McLean RB, Ackerman LV: Uveitis and vitiligo associated with BCG treatment for malignant melanoma. Surgery 1974, 76: 771–778.PubMed
190.
go back to reference Wertheim M, Astbury N: Bilateral uveitis after intravesical BCG immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2002, 86: 706. 10.1136/bjo.86.6.706PubMedCentralPubMed Wertheim M, Astbury N: Bilateral uveitis after intravesical BCG immunotherapy for bladder carcinoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2002, 86: 706. 10.1136/bjo.86.6.706PubMedCentralPubMed
191.
go back to reference Chevrel G, Zech C, Miossec P: Severe uveitis followed by reactive arthritis after bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. J Rheumatol 1999, 26: 1011.PubMed Chevrel G, Zech C, Miossec P: Severe uveitis followed by reactive arthritis after bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. J Rheumatol 1999, 26: 1011.PubMed
192.
go back to reference Price GE: Arthritis and iritis after BCG therapy for bladder cancer. J Rheumatol 1994, 21: 564–565.PubMed Price GE: Arthritis and iritis after BCG therapy for bladder cancer. J Rheumatol 1994, 21: 564–565.PubMed
193.
go back to reference Missioux D, Hermabessiere J, Sauvezie B: Arthritis and iritis after bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. J Rheumatol 2010, 1995: 22. Missioux D, Hermabessiere J, Sauvezie B: Arthritis and iritis after bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. J Rheumatol 2010, 1995: 22.
194.
go back to reference Jacob M, Gambrelle J, Fleury J, Durieu I, Kodjikian L, Duquesne N, Grange JD: Panuveitis following intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin therapy. J Fr Ophtalmol 2006, 29: 552–555. 10.1016/S0181-5512(06)73809-8PubMed Jacob M, Gambrelle J, Fleury J, Durieu I, Kodjikian L, Duquesne N, Grange JD: Panuveitis following intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin therapy. J Fr Ophtalmol 2006, 29: 552–555. 10.1016/S0181-5512(06)73809-8PubMed
195.
go back to reference Hegde V, Dean F: Bilateral panuveitis and optic neuritis following Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Acta Paediatr 2005, 94: 635–636. 10.1080/08035250510029514PubMed Hegde V, Dean F: Bilateral panuveitis and optic neuritis following Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Acta Paediatr 2005, 94: 635–636. 10.1080/08035250510029514PubMed
196.
go back to reference Guex-Crosier Y, Chamot L, Zografos L: Chorioretinitis induced by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillations for urinary bladder carcinoma. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2003, 220: 193–195. 10.1055/s-2003-38179PubMed Guex-Crosier Y, Chamot L, Zografos L: Chorioretinitis induced by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillations for urinary bladder carcinoma. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2003, 220: 193–195. 10.1055/s-2003-38179PubMed
197.
go back to reference Lish A, Berman DH: Tuberculin-triggered panuveitis in a patient recently treated for active pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Ophthalmol 1993, 116: 771–773.PubMed Lish A, Berman DH: Tuberculin-triggered panuveitis in a patient recently treated for active pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Ophthalmol 1993, 116: 771–773.PubMed
198.
go back to reference Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG: Uveitis Fundamentals and Practice. Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publishers; 1989. Nussenblatt RB, Palestine AG: Uveitis Fundamentals and Practice. Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publishers; 1989.
199.
go back to reference Islam SM, El-Sheikh HF, Tabbara KF: Anterior uveitis following combined vaccination for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR): a report of two cases. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000, 78: 590–592. 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2000.078005590.xPubMed Islam SM, El-Sheikh HF, Tabbara KF: Anterior uveitis following combined vaccination for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR): a report of two cases. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000, 78: 590–592. 10.1034/j.1600-0420.2000.078005590.xPubMed
200.
go back to reference Sedaghat M, Zarei-Ghanavati S, Shokoohi S, Ghasemi A: Panuveitis and dermal vasculitis following MMR vaccination. East Mediterr Health J 2007, 13: 470–474.PubMed Sedaghat M, Zarei-Ghanavati S, Shokoohi S, Ghasemi A: Panuveitis and dermal vasculitis following MMR vaccination. East Mediterr Health J 2007, 13: 470–474.PubMed
201.
go back to reference Blumberg S, Bienfang D, Kantrowitz FG: A possible association between influenza vaccination and small-vessel vasculitis. Arch Intern Med 1980, 140: 847–848. 10.1001/archinte.1980.00330180121037PubMed Blumberg S, Bienfang D, Kantrowitz FG: A possible association between influenza vaccination and small-vessel vasculitis. Arch Intern Med 1980, 140: 847–848. 10.1001/archinte.1980.00330180121037PubMed
202.
go back to reference Thurairajan G, Hope-Ross MW, Situnayake RD, Murray PI: Polyarthropathy, orbital myositis and posterior scleritis: an unusual adverse reaction to influenza vaccine. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36: 120–123. 10.1093/rheumatology/36.1.120PubMed Thurairajan G, Hope-Ross MW, Situnayake RD, Murray PI: Polyarthropathy, orbital myositis and posterior scleritis: an unusual adverse reaction to influenza vaccine. Br J Rheumatol 1997, 36: 120–123. 10.1093/rheumatology/36.1.120PubMed
203.
go back to reference Wells MB, Garg S: Bilateral panuveitis after influenza vaccination. Retinal Cases and Brief Reports 2009, 3: 386–387. 10.1097/ICB.0b013e318193491bPubMed Wells MB, Garg S: Bilateral panuveitis after influenza vaccination. Retinal Cases and Brief Reports 2009, 3: 386–387. 10.1097/ICB.0b013e318193491bPubMed
204.
go back to reference Blanche P, Decrette C, Sicard D: Development of uveitis following vaccination for influenza. Clin Infect Dis 1994, 19: 979. 10.1093/clinids/19.5.979PubMed Blanche P, Decrette C, Sicard D: Development of uveitis following vaccination for influenza. Clin Infect Dis 1994, 19: 979. 10.1093/clinids/19.5.979PubMed
205.
go back to reference Knopf HL: Recurrent uveitis after influenza vaccination. Ann Ophthalmol 1991, 23: 213–214.PubMed Knopf HL: Recurrent uveitis after influenza vaccination. Ann Ophthalmol 1991, 23: 213–214.PubMed
206.
go back to reference Mendrinos E, Baglivo E: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy following influenza vaccination. Eye (Lond) 2010, 24: 180–181. 10.1038/eye.2009.68 Mendrinos E, Baglivo E: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy following influenza vaccination. Eye (Lond) 2010, 24: 180–181. 10.1038/eye.2009.68
207.
go back to reference Rothova A, de Groot JD, Mudrikova T: Reactivation of acute retinal necrosis after flu H1N1 vaccination. Br J Ophthalmol 2011, 95: 291.PubMed Rothova A, de Groot JD, Mudrikova T: Reactivation of acute retinal necrosis after flu H1N1 vaccination. Br J Ophthalmol 2011, 95: 291.PubMed
208.
go back to reference Brezin AP, Massin-Korobelnik P, Boudin M, Gaudric A, LeHoang P: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after hepatitis B vaccine. Arch Ophthalmol 1995, 113: 297–300. 10.1001/archopht.1995.01100030051021PubMed Brezin AP, Massin-Korobelnik P, Boudin M, Gaudric A, LeHoang P: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after hepatitis B vaccine. Arch Ophthalmol 1995, 113: 297–300. 10.1001/archopht.1995.01100030051021PubMed
209.
go back to reference Fried M, Conen D, Conzelmann M, Steinemann E: Uveitis after hepatitis B vaccination. Lancet 1987, 2: 631–632.PubMed Fried M, Conen D, Conzelmann M, Steinemann E: Uveitis after hepatitis B vaccination. Lancet 1987, 2: 631–632.PubMed
210.
go back to reference Islam SM, Tabbara KF: Causes of uveitis at The Eye Center in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective review. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2002, 9: 239–249. 10.1076/opep.9.4.239.1507PubMed Islam SM, Tabbara KF: Causes of uveitis at The Eye Center in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective review. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2002, 9: 239–249. 10.1076/opep.9.4.239.1507PubMed
211.
go back to reference Fraunfelder FW, Suhler EB, Fraunfelder FT: Hepatitis B vaccine and uveitis: an emerging hypothesis suggested by review of 32 case reports. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2010, 29: 26–29. 10.3109/15569520903427717PubMed Fraunfelder FW, Suhler EB, Fraunfelder FT: Hepatitis B vaccine and uveitis: an emerging hypothesis suggested by review of 32 case reports. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2010, 29: 26–29. 10.3109/15569520903427717PubMed
212.
go back to reference Esmaeli-Gutstein B, Winkelman JZ: Uveitis associated with varicella virus vaccine. Am J Ophthalmol 1999, 127: 733–734. 10.1016/S0002-9394(99)00059-8PubMed Esmaeli-Gutstein B, Winkelman JZ: Uveitis associated with varicella virus vaccine. Am J Ophthalmol 1999, 127: 733–734. 10.1016/S0002-9394(99)00059-8PubMed
213.
go back to reference Lin P, Yoon MK, Chiu CS: Herpes zoster keratouveitis and inflammatory ocular hypertension 8 years after varicella vaccination. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2009, 17: 33–35. 10.1080/09273940802491892PubMed Lin P, Yoon MK, Chiu CS: Herpes zoster keratouveitis and inflammatory ocular hypertension 8 years after varicella vaccination. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2009, 17: 33–35. 10.1080/09273940802491892PubMed
214.
go back to reference Naseri A, Good WV, Cunningham ET Jr: Herpes zoster virus sclerokeratitis and anterior uveitis in a child following varicella vaccination. Am J Ophthalmol 2003, 135: 415–417. 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01957-8PubMed Naseri A, Good WV, Cunningham ET Jr: Herpes zoster virus sclerokeratitis and anterior uveitis in a child following varicella vaccination. Am J Ophthalmol 2003, 135: 415–417. 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01957-8PubMed
215.
go back to reference Charkoudian LD, Kaiser GM, Steinmetz RL, Srivastava SK: Acute retinal necrosis after herpes zoster vaccination. Arch Ophthalmol 2011, 129: 1495–1497. 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.320PubMed Charkoudian LD, Kaiser GM, Steinmetz RL, Srivastava SK: Acute retinal necrosis after herpes zoster vaccination. Arch Ophthalmol 2011, 129: 1495–1497. 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.320PubMed
Metadata
Title
Drug-induced uveitis
Authors
Nikolas JS London
Sunir J Garg
Ramana S Moorthy
Emmett T Cunningham Jr
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1869-5760
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1869-5760-3-43

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection 1/2013 Go to the issue