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Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Published in: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research

Dementia in Down’s syndrome: an MRI comparison with Alzheimer’s disease in the general population

Authors: Diane Mullins, Eileen Daly, Andrew Simmons, Felix Beacher, Catherine ML Foy, Simon Lovestone, Brian Hallahan, Kieran C Murphy, Declan G Murphy

Published in: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

Background

Down’s syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. People with DS are at an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to the general population. Neuroimaging studies of AD have focused on medial temporal structures; however, to our knowledge, no in vivo case–control study exists comparing the anatomy of dementia in DS to people with AD in the general population. We therefore compared the in vivo brain anatomy of people with DS and dementia (DS+) to those with AD in the general population.

Method

Using MRI in 192 adults, we compared the volume of whole brain matter, lateral ventricles, temporal lobes and hippocampus in DS subjects with and without dementia (DS+, DS-), to each other and to three non-DS groups. These included one group of individuals with AD and two groups of controls (each age-matched for their respective DS and general population AD cohorts).

Results

AD and DS+ subjects showed significant reductions in the volume of the whole brain, hippocampus and temporal lobes and a significant elevation in the volume of the lateral ventricle, compared to their non-demented counterparts. People with DS+ had a smaller reduction in temporal lobe volume compared to individuals with AD.

Conclusions

DS+ and AD subjects have a significant reduction in volume of the same brain regions. We found preliminary evidence that DS individuals may be more sensitive to tissue loss than others and have less ‘cognitive reserve’.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Dementia in Down’s syndrome: an MRI comparison with Alzheimer’s disease in the general population
Authors
Diane Mullins
Eileen Daly
Andrew Simmons
Felix Beacher
Catherine ML Foy
Simon Lovestone
Brian Hallahan
Kieran C Murphy
Declan G Murphy
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Issue 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1866-1947
Electronic ISSN: 1866-1955
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-5-19

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