Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 1/2010

Open Access 01-12-2010 | Original research

No impact of early intervention on late outcome after minimal, mild and moderate head injury

Authors: Ben Heskestad, Knut Waterloo, Roald Baardsen, Eirik Helseth, Bertil Romner, Tor Ingebrigtsen

Published in: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine | Issue 1/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on outcome after minimal, mild and moderate head injury.

Methods

Three hundred and twenty six patients underwent stratified randomization to an intervention group (n = 163) or a control group (n = 163). Every second patient was allocated to the intervention group. Participants in this group were offered a cognitive oriented consultation two weeks after the injury, while subjects allocated to the control group were not. Both groups were invited to follow up 3 and 12 months after injury.

Results

A total of 50 (15%) patients completed the study (intervention group n = 22 (13%), control group n = 28 (17%), not significant). There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group.

Conclusions

There was no effect on outcomes from an early educational intervention two weeks after head injury.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Mittenberg W, Caynoc EM, Condit D et al: Treatment of post-concussion syndrome following mild head injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2001, 23: 829-36. 10.1076/jcen.23.6.829.1022.CrossRefPubMed Mittenberg W, Caynoc EM, Condit D et al: Treatment of post-concussion syndrome following mild head injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2001, 23: 829-36. 10.1076/jcen.23.6.829.1022.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Evans RW: The postconcussion syndrome and the sequela of mild head injury. Neurol Clin. 1992, 10: 815-47.PubMed Evans RW: The postconcussion syndrome and the sequela of mild head injury. Neurol Clin. 1992, 10: 815-47.PubMed
3.
go back to reference Naalt van der J, van Zomeren AH, Sluiter WJ, Minderhoud JM: One year outcome in mild to moderate head injury: the predictive value of acute injury characteristics related to complaints and return to work. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999, 66: 207-13. 10.1136/jnnp.66.2.207.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Naalt van der J, van Zomeren AH, Sluiter WJ, Minderhoud JM: One year outcome in mild to moderate head injury: the predictive value of acute injury characteristics related to complaints and return to work. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999, 66: 207-13. 10.1136/jnnp.66.2.207.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Emanuelson I, Anderson Holmkvist E, Bjorklund R, Stålhammar D: Quality of life and post-concussion symptoms in adults after mild traumatic brain injury: a population-based study in western Sweden. Acta neurol Scand. 2003, 108: 332-38. 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00155.x.CrossRefPubMed Emanuelson I, Anderson Holmkvist E, Bjorklund R, Stålhammar D: Quality of life and post-concussion symptoms in adults after mild traumatic brain injury: a population-based study in western Sweden. Acta neurol Scand. 2003, 108: 332-38. 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00155.x.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Stålnacke BM, Bjornstig U, Karlsson K, Sojka P: One-year follow up of mild traumatic brain injury: post concussion symptoms, disabilities and life satisfaction in relation to serum levels of S-100B and neurone-specific enolase in acute phase. J Rehabil Med. 2005, 37: 300-305. 10.1080/16501970510032910.CrossRefPubMed Stålnacke BM, Bjornstig U, Karlsson K, Sojka P: One-year follow up of mild traumatic brain injury: post concussion symptoms, disabilities and life satisfaction in relation to serum levels of S-100B and neurone-specific enolase in acute phase. J Rehabil Med. 2005, 37: 300-305. 10.1080/16501970510032910.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Bazarian JJ, Wong T, Harris M, Leahey N, Mookerjee S, Dombovy M: Epidemiology and predictors of post-concussive syndrome after minor head injury in an emergency population. Brain Inj. 1999, 13: 173-89. 10.1080/026990599121692.CrossRefPubMed Bazarian JJ, Wong T, Harris M, Leahey N, Mookerjee S, Dombovy M: Epidemiology and predictors of post-concussive syndrome after minor head injury in an emergency population. Brain Inj. 1999, 13: 173-89. 10.1080/026990599121692.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference De Kruijk JR, Leffers P, Menheere PPCA, Meerhoff S, Rutten J, Twijnstra A: Prediction of post-traumatic complaints after mild traumatic brain injury: early symptoms and biochemical markers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002, 73: 727-32. 10.1136/jnnp.73.6.727.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed De Kruijk JR, Leffers P, Menheere PPCA, Meerhoff S, Rutten J, Twijnstra A: Prediction of post-traumatic complaints after mild traumatic brain injury: early symptoms and biochemical markers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002, 73: 727-32. 10.1136/jnnp.73.6.727.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Thornhill S, Teasdale GM, Murray GD, McEven J, Roy CW, Penny KI: Disability in young people and adults one year after head injury: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2000, 320: 727-732. 10.1136/bmj.320.7250.1631.CrossRef Thornhill S, Teasdale GM, Murray GD, McEven J, Roy CW, Penny KI: Disability in young people and adults one year after head injury: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2000, 320: 727-732. 10.1136/bmj.320.7250.1631.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Jakola AS, Muller K, Larsen M, Waterloo K, Romner B, Ingebrigtsen T: Five year outcome after mild head injury: a prospective controlled study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007, 115: 398-402. 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00827.x.CrossRefPubMed Jakola AS, Muller K, Larsen M, Waterloo K, Romner B, Ingebrigtsen T: Five year outcome after mild head injury: a prospective controlled study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007, 115: 398-402. 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00827.x.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Ingebrigtsen T, Waterloo K, Marup-Jensen S, Attner E, Romner B: Quantification of post-concussion symptoms 3 months after minor head injury in 100 consecutive patients. J Neurol. 1998, 245: 609-612. 10.1007/s004150050254.CrossRefPubMed Ingebrigtsen T, Waterloo K, Marup-Jensen S, Attner E, Romner B: Quantification of post-concussion symptoms 3 months after minor head injury in 100 consecutive patients. J Neurol. 1998, 245: 609-612. 10.1007/s004150050254.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Anderson T, Heitger M, Macleod AD: Concussion and mild head injury. Practical Neurology. 2006, 6: 342-357. 10.1136/jnnp.2006.106583.CrossRef Anderson T, Heitger M, Macleod AD: Concussion and mild head injury. Practical Neurology. 2006, 6: 342-357. 10.1136/jnnp.2006.106583.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Wade DT, Crawford S, Wenden FJ, King NS, Moss NE: Does routine follow up after head injury help? A randomized controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997, 62: 478-484. 10.1136/jnnp.62.5.478.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Wade DT, Crawford S, Wenden FJ, King NS, Moss NE: Does routine follow up after head injury help? A randomized controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997, 62: 478-484. 10.1136/jnnp.62.5.478.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Paniak C, Lobe GT, Reynolds S, Melnyk A, Nagy J: A randomized trial of two treatments for mild traumatic brain injury: 1 year follow up. Brain Injury. 2000, 14: 219-226. 10.1080/026990500120691.CrossRefPubMed Paniak C, Lobe GT, Reynolds S, Melnyk A, Nagy J: A randomized trial of two treatments for mild traumatic brain injury: 1 year follow up. Brain Injury. 2000, 14: 219-226. 10.1080/026990500120691.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Ponsford J, Willmott C, Rothwell A et al: Impact of early intervention on outcome following mild head injury in adults. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002, 73: 330-332. 10.1136/jnnp.73.3.330.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Ponsford J, Willmott C, Rothwell A et al: Impact of early intervention on outcome following mild head injury in adults. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002, 73: 330-332. 10.1136/jnnp.73.3.330.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference de Kruijk JR, Leffers P, Rutten J, Twijnstra A: Effectiveness of bed rest after mild traumatic brain injury: a randomized trial of no versus six days of bed rest. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002, 73: 167-72. 10.1136/jnnp.73.2.167.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed de Kruijk JR, Leffers P, Rutten J, Twijnstra A: Effectiveness of bed rest after mild traumatic brain injury: a randomized trial of no versus six days of bed rest. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002, 73: 167-72. 10.1136/jnnp.73.2.167.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Elgmark Andersson E, Emanuelson I, Bjorklund R, Stålhammar DA: Mild traumatic brain injuries: the impact of early intervention on late sequelae. Acta Neurochir. 2007, 149: 151-160. 10.1007/s00701-006-1082-0.CrossRefPubMed Elgmark Andersson E, Emanuelson I, Bjorklund R, Stålhammar DA: Mild traumatic brain injuries: the impact of early intervention on late sequelae. Acta Neurochir. 2007, 149: 151-160. 10.1007/s00701-006-1082-0.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Stein SC, Spettel C: The head injury severity scale (HISS): a practical classification of closed head injury. Neurosurgery. 1996, 38: 245-250. 10.1097/00006123-199602000-00002.CrossRef Stein SC, Spettel C: The head injury severity scale (HISS): a practical classification of closed head injury. Neurosurgery. 1996, 38: 245-250. 10.1097/00006123-199602000-00002.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Ingebrigtsen T, Mortensen K, Romner B: The Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee. J Trauma. 2000, 48: 760-66. 10.1097/00005373-200004000-00029.CrossRefPubMed Ingebrigtsen T, Mortensen K, Romner B: The Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee. J Trauma. 2000, 48: 760-66. 10.1097/00005373-200004000-00029.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J: An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961, 4: 561-71.CrossRefPubMed Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J: An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961, 4: 561-71.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Johns M: A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep. 1991, 14: 540-5.PubMed Johns M: A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep. 1991, 14: 540-5.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Schwartz JE, Jandorf L, Krupp LB: The measurement of fatigue: a new instrument. J Psychosom Res. 1993, 37: 753-62. 10.1016/0022-3999(93)90104-N.CrossRefPubMed Schwartz JE, Jandorf L, Krupp LB: The measurement of fatigue: a new instrument. J Psychosom Res. 1993, 37: 753-62. 10.1016/0022-3999(93)90104-N.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Findler M, Cantor J, Haddad L, Gordon W, Achman T: The reliability and validity of the SF-36 health survey questionnaire for use with individuals with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2001, 15: 715-23. 10.1080/02699050010013941.CrossRefPubMed Findler M, Cantor J, Haddad L, Gordon W, Achman T: The reliability and validity of the SF-36 health survey questionnaire for use with individuals with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2001, 15: 715-23. 10.1080/02699050010013941.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
No impact of early intervention on late outcome after minimal, mild and moderate head injury
Authors
Ben Heskestad
Knut Waterloo
Roald Baardsen
Eirik Helseth
Bertil Romner
Tor Ingebrigtsen
Publication date
01-12-2010
Publisher
BioMed Central
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-7241-18-10

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 1/2010 Go to the issue