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Journal of Ovarian Research
Published in: Journal of Ovarian Research 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Review

“Platelet-associated regulatory system (PARS)” with particular reference to female reproduction

Authors: József Bódis, Szilárd Papp, István Vermes, Endre Sulyok, Péter Tamás, Bálint Farkas, Katalin Zámbó, Ioannis Hatzipetros, Gábor L Kovács

Published in: Journal of Ovarian Research | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

Background

Blood platelets play an essential role in hemostasis, thrombosis and coagulation of blood. Beyond these classic functions their involvement in inflammatory, neoplastic and immune processes was also investigated. It is well known, that platelets have an armament of soluble molecules, factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters in their granules, and have multiple adhesion molecules and receptors on their surface.

Methods

Selected relevant literature and own views and experiences as clinical observations have been used.

Results

Considering that platelets are indispensable in numerous homeostatic endocrine functions, it is reasonable to suppose that a platelet-associated regulatory system (PARS) may exist; internal or external triggers and/or stimuli may complement and connect regulatory pathways aimed towards target tissues and/or cells. The signal (PAF, or other tissue/cell specific factors) comes from the stimulated (by the e.g., hypophyseal hormones, bacteria, external factors, etc.) organs or cells, and activates platelets. Platelet activation means their aggregation, sludge formation, furthermore the release of the for-mentioned biologically very powerful factors, which can locally amplify and deepen the tissue specific cell reactions. If this process is impaired or inhibited for any reason, the specifically stimulated organ shows hypofunction. When PARS is upregulated, organ hyperfunction may occur that culminate in severe diseases.

Conclusion

Based on clinical and experimental evidences we propose that platelets modulate the function of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian system. Specifically, hypothalamic GnRH releases FSH from the anterior pituitary, which induces and stimulates follicular and oocyte maturation and steroid hormone secretion in the ovary. At the same time follicular cells enhance PAF production. Through these pathways activated platelets are accumulated in the follicular vessels surrounding the follicle and due to its released soluble molecules (factors, mediators, chemokines, cytokines, neurotransmitters) locally increase oocyte maturation and hormone secretion. Therefore we suggest that platelets are not only a small participant but may be the conductor or active mediator of this complex regulatory system which has several unrevealed mechanisms. In other words platelets are corpuscular messengers, or are more than a member of the family providing hemostasis.
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Metadata
Title
“Platelet-associated regulatory system (PARS)” with particular reference to female reproduction
Authors
József Bódis
Szilárd Papp
István Vermes
Endre Sulyok
Péter Tamás
Bálint Farkas
Katalin Zámbó
Ioannis Hatzipetros
Gábor L Kovács
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Ovarian Research / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1757-2215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-2215-7-55

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

Journal of Ovarian Research 1/2014 Go to the issue

Research

Resveratrol potentiates effects of simvastatin on inhibition of rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells steroidogenesis

Case report

Borderline Brenner tumor of the ovary: a case report with immunohistochemical and molecular study

Review

Ultrastructural changes in oocytes during folliculogenesis in domestic mammals

Case report

Ovarian cancer initially presenting with isolated ipsilateral superficial inguinal lymph node metastasis: a case study and review of the literature

Research

Primordial follicle activation in the ovary of Ames dwarf mice

Research

microRNA 490-3P enhances the drug-resistance of human ovarian cancer cells