Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Implementation Science
Published in: Implementation Science 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Study protocol

CONNECT for quality: protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial to improve fall prevention in nursing homes

Authors: Ruth A Anderson, Kirsten Corazzini, Kristie Porter, Kathryn Daily, Reuben R McDaniel Jr, Cathleen Colón-Emeric

Published in: Implementation Science | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Quality improvement (QI) programs focused on mastery of content by individual staff members are the current standard to improve resident outcomes in nursing homes. However, complexity science suggests that learning is a social process that occurs within the context of relationships and interactions among individuals. Thus, QI programs will not result in optimal changes in staff behavior unless the context for social learning is present. Accordingly, we developed CONNECT, an intervention to foster systematic use of management practices, which we propose will enhance effectiveness of a nursing home Falls QI program by strengthening the staff-to-staff interactions necessary for clinical problem-solving about complex problems such as falls. The study aims are to compare the impact of the CONNECT intervention, plus a falls reduction QI intervention (CONNECT + FALLS), to the falls reduction QI intervention alone (FALLS), on fall-related process measures, fall rates, and staff interaction measures.

Methods/design

Sixteen nursing homes will be randomized to one of two study arms, CONNECT + FALLS or FALLS alone. Subjects (staff and residents) are clustered within nursing homes because the intervention addresses social processes and thus must be delivered within the social context, rather than to individuals. Nursing homes randomized to CONNECT + FALLS will receive three months of CONNECT first, followed by three months of FALLS. Nursing homes randomized to FALLS alone receive three months of FALLs QI and are offered CONNECT after data collection is completed. Complexity science measures, which reflect staff perceptions of communication, safety climate, and care quality, will be collected from staff at baseline, three months after, and six months after baseline to evaluate immediate and sustained impacts. FALLS measures including quality indicators (process measures) and fall rates will be collected for the six months prior to baseline and the six months after the end of the intervention. Analysis will use a three-level mixed model.

Discussion

By focusing on improving local interactions, CONNECT is expected to maximize staff's ability to implement content learned in a falls QI program and integrate it into knowledge and action. Our previous pilot work shows that CONNECT is feasible, acceptable and appropriate.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00636675
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Streiner DL, Norman GR: Efficacy and effectiveness trials. Commun Oncol. 2009, 6: 472-474. 10.1016/S1548-5315(11)70286-8.CrossRef
2.
Becker C, Kron M, Lindemann U, Sturm E, Eichner B, Walter-Jung B, Nikolaus T: Effectiveness of a Multifaceted Intervention on Falls in Nursing Home Residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003, 51: 306-313. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51103.x.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Jensen J, Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y: Fall and injury prevention in older people living in residential care facilities. Ann Intern Med. 2002, 136: 733-741.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Ray W, Taylor J, Meador K, Thapa P, Brown A, Kajihara H, Davis C, Gideon P, Griffin M: A randomized trial of a consultation service to reduce falls in nursing homes. JAMA. 1997, 278: 557-562. 10.1001/jama.1997.03550070049037.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Cameron ID, Murray GR, Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Hill KD, Cumming RG, Kerse N: Interventions for preventing falls in older people in nursing care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2010, 1, Art. No.: CD005465. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005465.pub2
6.
Rapp K, Lamb SE, Erhardt-Beer L, Lindemann U, Rissmann U, Klenk J, Becker C: Effect of a statewide fall prevention program on incidence of femoral fractures in residents of long-term care facilities. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010, 58: 70-75. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02630.x.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Colon-Emeric C, Schenck A, Gorospe J, McArdle J, Dobson L, Deporter C, McConnell E: Translating evidence-based falls prevention into clinical practice in nursing facilities: Results and lessons from a quality improvement collaborative. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006, 54: 1414-1418. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00853.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Kerse N, Butler M, Robinson E, Todd M: Fall prevention in residential care: a cluster randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004, 52: 524-531. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52157.x.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Resnick B, Quinn C, Baxter S: Testing the feasibility of implementation of clinical practice guidelines in long-term care facilities. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2004, 5: 1-8.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Crotty M, Whitehead C, Rowett D, Halbert J, Weller D, Funucane P, Esterman A: An outreach intervention to implement evidence based practice in residential care: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res. 2004, 4: 6-10.1186/1472-6963-4-6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Berlowitz DR, Young GJ, Hickey EC, Saliba D, Mittman BS, Czarnowski E, Simon B, Anderson JJ, Ash AS, Rubenstein LV, Moskowitz MA: Quality improvement implementation in the nursing home. Heal Serv Res. 2003, 38: 65-83. 10.1111/1475-6773.00105.CrossRef
12.
Mukamel DB, Spector WD, Zinn JS, Huang L, Weimer DL, Dozier A: Nursing homes' response to the nursing home compare report card. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007, 62: S218-S225. 10.1093/geronb/62.4.S218.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Quigley P, Bulat T, Kurtzman E, Olney R, Powell-Cope G, Rubenstein L: Fall prevention and injury protection for nursing home residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2010, 11: 284-293. 10.1016/j.jamda.2009.09.009.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Inouye SK, Studenski S, Tinetti ME, Kuchel GA: Geriatric syndromes: clinical, research, and policy implications of a core geriatric concept. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007, 55: 780-791. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01156.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Tinetti M, Inouye S, Gill T, Doucette J: Shared risk factors for falls, incontinence, and functional dependence. Unifying the approach to geriatric syndromes. JAMA. 1995, 273: 1348-1353. 10.1001/jama.1995.03520410042024.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Anderson RA, Ammarell N, Bailey DE, Colon-Emeric C, Corazzini K, Lekan-Rutledge D, Piven ML, Utley-Smith Q: The power of relationship for high-quality long-term care. J Nurs Care Qual. 2005, 20: 103-106. 10.1097/00001786-200504000-00003.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Anderson RA, Issel LM, McDaniel RR: Nursing homes as complex adaptive systems: relationship between management practice and resident outcomes. Nurs Res. 2003, 52: 12-21. 10.1097/00006199-200301000-00003.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Anderson RA, McDaniel RR: RN participation in organizational decision making and improvements in resident outcomes. Health Care Manage Rev. 1999, 24: 7-16.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Anderson RA, McDaniel RR: Taking Complexity Science Seriously: New Research, New Methods. On the Edge: Nursing in the Age of Complexity. Edited by: Lindberg C, Nash S, Lindberg C. 2008, Allentown: Plexus Institute, 73-95.
20.
Toles M, Anderson RA: State of the science: relationship-oriented management practices in nursing homes. Nurs Outlook. 2011, 59: 221-227. 10.1016/j.outlook.2011.05.001.CrossRefPubMed
21.
McDaniel RR, Driebe DJ: Complexity Science and Health Care Management. Advances in Health Care Management. Edited by: Blair JD, Fottler MD, Savage GT. 2001, Stamford: JAI Press, 2: 11-36.
22.
Stacey RD: Complexity and creativity in organizations. 1996, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers
23.
Colón-Emeric C, Bailey D, Corazzini KN, Lillie M, Piven ML, Utley-Smith Q, Anderson RA: Patterns of Medical and Nursing staff communication in nursing homes: implications and insights from complexity science. Qual Health Res. 2006, 16: 173-188. 10.1177/1049732305284734.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Colon-Emeric CS, Lekan D, Utley-Smith Q, Ammarell N, Bailey D, Corazzini K, Piven ML, Anderson RA: Barriers to and facilitators of clinical practice guideline use in nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007, 55: 1404-1409. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01297.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Colon-Emeric CS, Lekan-Rutledge D, Utley-Smith Q, Ammarell N, Bailey D, Piven ML, Corazzini K, Anderson RA: Connection, regulation, and care plan innovation: a case study of four nursing homes. Health Care Manage Rev. 2006, 31: 337-346.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Corazzini KN, Lekan-Rutledge D, Utley-Smith Q, Piven ML, Colon-Emeric CS, Bailey D, Ammarell N, Anderson RA: 'The golden rule': only a starting point for quality care. Director. 2005, 14: 255-293.PubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Piven ML, Ammarell N, Bailey D, Corazzini KN, Colon-Emeric CS, Lekan-Rutledge D, Utley-Smith Q, Anderson RA: MDS coordinator relationships and nursing home care processes. West J Nurs Res. 2006, 28: 294-309. 10.1177/0193945905284710.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Piven ML, Ammarell N, Lekan-Rutledge D, Utley-Smith Q, Corazzini KN, Colon-Emeric CS, Bailey D, Anderson RA: Paying attention: a leap toward quality care. Director. 2007, 15: 58-63.PubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Utley-Smith Q, Colón-Emeric CS, Lekan-Rutledge D, Ammarell N, Bailey D, Corazzini K, Piven ML, Anderson RA: The nature of staff-family interactions in nursing homes. J Aging Stud. 2009, 23: 168-177. 10.1016/j.jaging.2007.11.003.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Anderson RA, Corazzini KN, McDaniel RR: Complexity science and the dynamics of climate and communication: reducing nursing home turnover. Gerontologist. 2004, 44: 378-388. 10.1093/geront/44.3.378.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Anderson RA, Colon-Emeric CS: Final Report: Outcomes of Nursing Management Practice in Nursing Homes (9/1/10-6/30/11). Book Final Report: Outcomes of Nursing Management Practice in Nursing Homes (9/1/10-6/30/11) (Editor ed.^eds.). 2011, City: Funded by National Institute of Nursing Research, Grant # NR03178-02
32.
Hill EE, Nguyen TH, Shaha M, Wenzel JA, DeForge BR, Spellbring AM: Person-environment interactions contributing to nursing home resident falls. Res Gerontol Nurs. 2009, 2: 287-296. 10.3928/19404921-20090527-02.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
34.
American Geriatrics Society Panel on Falls in Older Persons: Guideline for the prevention of falls in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001, 49: 664-672. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49115.x.CrossRef
35.
Taylor J, Parmelee P, Brown H, Ouslander JG: The Falls Management Program: A Quality Improvement Initiative for Nursing Facilities. Book The Falls Management Program: A Quality Improvement Initiative for Nursing Facilities (Editor ed.^eds.). 2005, City: Emory University
36.
American Medical Directors Association: Falls and Fall Risk. 2003, Columbia: American Medical Directors Association
37.
38.
Jensen J, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y, Lundin-Olsson L: Fall and injury prevention in residential care-effects in residents with higher and lower levels of cognition. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003, 51: 627-635. 10.1034/j.1600-0579.2003.00206.x.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Tryssenaar J, Gray H: Providing meaningful continuing education in a changing long-term care environment. J Nurses Staff Dev. 2004, 20: 1-5. 10.1097/00124645-200401000-00001.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Vandenberg E, Tvrdik A, Keller B: Use of the quality improvement process in assessing end of life care in the nursing home. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2005, 6: 334-339. 10.1016/j.jamda.2005.06.012.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Lynn J, West J, Hausmann S, Gifford D, Nelson R, McGann P, Bergstrom N, Ryan J: Collaborative clinical quality improvement for pressure ulcers in nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007, 55: 1663-1669. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01380.x.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Resnick B, Simpson M: Implementing the Falls Clinical Practice Guidelines in long-term care: an exemplary model. Director. 2004, 12: 76-81.PubMed
43.
Scalzi CC, Evans LK, Barstow A, Hostvedt K: Barriers and enablers to changing organizational culture in nursing homes. Nurs Adm Q. 2006, 30: 368-372.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Rohrer JE, Momany ET, Chang W: Organizational predictors of outcomes of long-stay nursing home residents. Soc Sci Med. 1993, 37: 549-554. 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90290-K.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Barry TT, Brannon D, Mor V: Nurse aide empowerment strategies and staff stability: effects on nursing home resident outcomes. Gerontologist. 2005, 45: 309-317. 10.1093/geront/45.3.309.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Cott C: 'We decide, you carry it out': a social network analysis of multidisciplinary long-term care teams. Soc Sci Med. 1997, 45: 1411-1421. 10.1016/S0277-9536(97)00066-X.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Beck C, Doan R, Cody M: Nursing assistants as providers of mental health care in nursing homes. Generations. 2002, 26: 66-71.
48.
Atchison JH: Perceived job satisfaction factors of nursing assistants employed in Midwest nursing homes. Geriatr Nurs. 1998, 19: 135-137. 10.1016/S0197-4572(98)90057-X.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Colon-Emeric CS, Casebeer L, Saag K, Allison J, Levine D, Suh TT, Lyles KW: Barriers to providing osteoporosis care in skilled nursing facilities: perceptions of medical directors and directors of nursing. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2005, 6: S61-S66. 10.1016/j.jamda.2005.03.024.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Anderson RA, Ammarell N, Bailey D, Colon-Emeric C, Corazzini KN, Lillie M, Piven ML, Utley-Smith Q, McDaniel RR: Nurse assistant mental models, sensemaking, care actions, and consequences for nursing home residents. Qual Health Res. 2005, 15: 1006-1021. 10.1177/1049732305280773.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Colón-Emeric C, Plowman DA, Bailey D, Corazzini KN, Utley-Smith Q, Ammarell N, Toles M, Anderson RA: Regulation and mindful resident care in nursing homes. Qual Health Res. 2010, 20: First published on May 17, 2010 as doi:2010.1177/1049732310369337
52.
Mark N: Beyond individual differences: social differentiation from first principles. Am Sociol Rev. 1998, 63: 309-330. 10.2307/2657552.CrossRef
53.
Bravo G, De Wals P, Dubois MF, Charpentier M: Correlates of care quality in long-term care facilities: a multilevel analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1999, 54: P180-P188.CrossRefPubMed
54.
Weick KE: Sensemaking in organizations. 1995, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
55.
56.
Sahni M, Lowenthal D, Meuleman J: A clinical, physiology and pharmacology evaluation of orthostatic hypotension in the elderly. Int Urol Nephrol. 2005, 37: 669-674. 10.1007/s11255-005-7663-7.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Campbell A, Robertson M, La Grow S, Steven J, Kerse N, Sanderson G, Jacobs R, Sharp D, Hale L: Randomised controlled trial of prevention of falls in people aged > or = 75 with severe visual impairment: the VIP trial. BMJ. 2005, 331: 817-10.1136/bmj.38601.447731.55.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
La Grow S, Robertson M, Campbell A, Clarke G, Kerse N: Reducing hazard related falls in people 75 years and older with significant visual impairment: how did a successful program work?. Inj Prev. 2006, 12: 296-301. 10.1136/ip.2006.012252.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Rask K, Parmelee PA, Taylor JA, Green D, Brown H, Hawley J, Schild L, Strothers HS, Ouslander JG: Implementation and evaluation of a nursing home fall management program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007, 55: 342-349. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01083.x.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Klay M, Marfyak K: Use of a continence nurse specialist in an extended care facility. Urol Nurs. 2005, 25: 101-PubMed
61.
Simpson AHRW, Lamb S, Roberts PJ, Gardner TN, Evans JG: Does the type of flooring affect the risk of hip fracture?. Age Ageing. 2004, 33: 242-246. 10.1093/ageing/afh071.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Fick D, Cooper J, Wade W, Waller J, Maclean J, Beers M: Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Int Med. 2003, 163: 2716-2724. 10.1001/archinte.163.22.2716.CrossRef
63.
Swagerty D, Brickley R: American medical directors association and american society for consultant pharmacists joint position statement on the beers list of potentially inappropriate medications in older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2005, 6: 80-86. 10.1016/j.jamda.2004.12.019.CrossRefPubMed
64.
Bischoff-Ferrari H, Dawson-Hughes B, Willett W, Staehelin H, Bazemore M, Zee R: Effect of Vitamin D on falls: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004, 291: 1999-2006. 10.1001/jama.291.16.1999.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Shaw F, Bond J, Richardson D, Dawson P, Steen N, McKeith I, Kenny R: Multifactorial intervention after a fall in older people with cognitive impairment and dementia presenting to the accident and emergency department: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2003, 326: 73-77. 10.1136/bmj.326.7380.73.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Broe K, Chen T, Weinberg J, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Holick M, Kiel D: A higher dose of vitamin d reduces the risk of falls in nursing home residents: a randomized, multiple-dose study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007, 55: 234-239. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01048.x.CrossRefPubMed
67.
Flicker L, MacInnis R, Stein M, Scherer S, Mead K, Nowson C, Thomas J, Lowndes C, Hopper J, Wark J: Should older people in residential care receive vitamin D to prevent falls? Results of a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005, 53: 1881-1888. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00468.x.CrossRefPubMed
68.
69.
Colón-Emeric CS, Lyles KW, House P, Levine DA, Schenck AP, Allison J, Gorospe J, Fermazin M, Oliver K, Curtis JR: Randomized trial to improve fracture prevention in nursing home residents. Am J Med. 2007, 120: 886-892. 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.04.020.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Kamimura A, Banaszak-Holl J, Berta W, Baum JA, Weigelt C, Mitchell W: Do corporate chains affect quality of care in nursing homes? The role of corporate standardization. Health Care Manage Rev. 2007, 32: 168-178.CrossRefPubMed
71.
72.
Zimmerman B, Lindberg C, Plsek P: Edgeware. 1998, Irving: VHA, Inc.
73.
Anderson K: Speaking from the heart: everyday storytelling and adult learning. Can J Nativ Educ. 2004, 28: 123-129.
74.
Taylor J, Parmelee P, Brown H, Strothers H, Capezuti E, Ouslander JG: A model quality improvement program for the management of falls in nursing homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007, 8: S26-S36. 10.1016/j.jamda.2006.11.005.CrossRefPubMed
75.
Sogunro OA: Efficacy of role-playing pedagogy in training leaders: some reflections. J Manag Dev. 2004, 23: 355-371. 10.1108/02621710410529802.CrossRef
76.
Bellg AJ, Borrelli B, Resnick B, Hecht J, Minicucci DS, Ory M, Ogedegbe G, Orwig D, Ernst D, Czajkowski S: Enhancing treatment fidelity in health behavior change studies: best practices and recommendations from the NIH behavior change consortium. Heal Psychol. 2004, 23: 443-451.CrossRef
77.
Utley-Smith Q, Bailey D, Ammarell N, Corazzini KN, Colon-Emeric CS, Lekan-Rutledge D, Piven ML, Anderson RA: Exit interview-consultation for research validation and dissemination. West J Nurs Res. 2006, 28: 955-973. 10.1177/0193945905282301.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Oskamp S: Attitudes and opinions. 1977, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall
79.
O'Reilly C, Roberts K: Task group structure, communication, and effectiveness in three organizations. J Appl Psychol. 1977, 64: 674-681.CrossRef
80.
Shortell SM, Rousseau DM, Gillies RR, Devers KJ, Simons TL: Organizational assessment in intensive care units (ICUs): construct development, reliability, and validity of the ICU nurse-physician questionnaire. Med Care. 1991, 29: 709-726. 10.1097/00005650-199108000-00004.CrossRefPubMed
81.
Shortell SM, Gillies RR, Anderson DA: The new world of managed care: creating organized delivery systems. Health Aff (Millwood). 1994, 13: 46-64. 10.1377/hlthaff.13.5.46.CrossRef
82.
Torkelson DJ, Anderson RA, McDaniel RR: Interventions in response to chemically dependent nurses: effect of context and interpretation. Res Nurs Heal. 1996, 19: 153-162. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199604)19:2<153::AID-NUR7>3.0.CO;2-L.CrossRef
83.
Anderson RA, Plowman D, Corazzini K, Hsieh PC, Su HF, Landerman LR, McDaniel RR: Participation in decision making as a property of complex adaptive systems: Developing and testing a measure. Int J Nurs Stud under review.
84.
Ashmos DP, Huonker JW, McDaniel RR: Participation as a complicating mechanism: the effect of clinical professional and middle manager participation on hospital performance. Health Care Manage Rev. 1998, 23: 7-20.CrossRefPubMed
85.
Issel LM, Anderson RA: Intensity of case managers' participation in organizational decision making. Res Nurs Heal. 2001, 24: 361-372. 10.1002/nur.1037.CrossRef
86.
Anderson RA, Allred CA, Sloan FA: Effect of hospital conversion on organizational decision making and service coordination. Health Care Manage Rev. 2003, 28: 141-154.CrossRefPubMed
87.
Gittell J: High Performance Healthcare: Using the Power of Relationships to Achieve Quality, Efficiency and Resilience. 2009, New York: McGraw-Hill
88.
Gittell J, Weinberg D, Pfefferle S, Bishop C: Impact of relational coordination on job satisfaction and quality of care: a study of nursing homes. Hum Resour Manag J. 2008, 18: 154-170. 10.1111/j.1748-8583.2007.00063.x.CrossRef
89.
Weinberg D, Lusenhop R, Gittell J, Kautz C: Coordination between formal providers and informal caregivers. Health Care Manage Rev. 2007, 32: 140-149.CrossRefPubMed
90.
Edmondson AC: Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Adm Sci Q. 1999, 44: 350-383. 10.2307/2666999.CrossRef
91.
Tucker AL, Nembhard IM, Edmondson AC: Implementing new practices: an empirical study of organizational learning in hospital intensive care units. Manage Sci. 2007, 53: 894-907. 10.1287/mnsc.1060.0692.CrossRef
92.
Nembhard IM, Edmondson AC: Making it safe: the effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. J Organ Behav. 2006, 27: 941-966. 10.1002/job.413.CrossRef
93.
Vogus TJ, Sutcliffe KM: The safety organizing scale: development and validation of a behavioral measure of safety culture in hospital nursing units. Med Care. 2007, 45: 46-54. 10.1097/01.mlr.0000244635.61178.7a.CrossRefPubMed
94.
Hill-Westmoreland E, Gruber-Baldini A: Falls documentation in nursing homes: agreement between the minimum data set and chart abstractions of medical and nursing documentation. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005, 53: 268-273. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53113.x.CrossRefPubMed
95.
Preacher KJ, Hayes AF: SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 2004, 36: 717-731. 10.3758/BF03206553.CrossRefPubMed
96.
Jung SH, Ahn C: Sample size estimation for Gee method for comparing slopes in repeated measurements data. Stat Med. 2003, 22: 1305-1315. 10.1002/sim.1384.CrossRefPubMed
97.
Cohen J: Statistical Power for the Behavioral Sciences Revisedth edition. 1987, Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
98.
Schafer JL, Graham JW: Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods. 2002, 7: 147-177.CrossRefPubMed
99.
Allison P: Missing data techniques for structural equation modeling. J Abnorm Psychol. 2003, 112: 545-557.CrossRefPubMed
100.
Hedeker D, Gibbons R: Application of random effects pattern-mixture model for missing data in longitudinal studies. Psychol Methods. 1997, 2: 64-78.CrossRef
101.
Chang C, Yang H, Tang G, Ganguli M: Minimizing attrition bias: A longitudinal study of depressive symptoms in an elderly cohort. Int Psychogeriatr. 2009, 21: 869-878. 10.1017/S104161020900876X.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
102.
Roy J: Modeling longitudinal data with nonignorable dropouts using a latent dropout class model. Biometrics. 2003, 59: 829-836. 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2003.00097.x.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
CONNECT for quality: protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial to improve fall prevention in nursing homes
Authors
Ruth A Anderson
Kirsten Corazzini
Kristie Porter
Kathryn Daily
Reuben R McDaniel Jr
Cathleen Colón-Emeric
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Implementation Science / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1748-5908
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-11

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

Implementation Science 1/2012 Go to the issue

Research

Insights into the impact and use of research results in a residential long-term care facility: a case study

Research

Patients’ perspectives on the implementation of intra-dialytic cycling—a phenomenographic study

Research

Measurement of a model of implementation for health care: toward a testable theory

Study protocol

Clinical governance implementation in a selected teaching emergency department: a systems approach

Study protocol

How do surgeons decide to refer patients for adjuvant cancer treatment? Protocol for a qualitative study

Debate

Translating evidence into practice: the role of health research funders