Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 1/2007

Open Access 01-12-2007 | Review

Biodiversity, traditional medicine and public health: where do they meet?

Authors: Rômulo RN Alves, Ierecê ML Rosa

Published in: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine | Issue 1/2007

Login to get access

Abstract

Given the increased use of traditional medicines, possibilities that would ensure its successful integration into a public health framework should be explored. This paper discusses some of the links between biodiversity and traditional medicine, and addresses their implications to public health. We explore the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem services to global and human health, the risks which human impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity present to human health and welfare.
Literature
2.
go back to reference Good C: Ethno-medical Systems in Africa and the LDCs: Key Issues in Medical Geography. Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Medical Geography. Edited by: Meade MS. 1980, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Studies in Geography, 93-116. Good C: Ethno-medical Systems in Africa and the LDCs: Key Issues in Medical Geography. Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Medical Geography. Edited by: Meade MS. 1980, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Studies in Geography, 93-116.
3.
go back to reference Gesler WM: Therapeutic landscapes: medical Issues in Light of the new cultural geography. Social Science & Medicine. 1992, 34 (7): 735-746. 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90360-3.CrossRef Gesler WM: Therapeutic landscapes: medical Issues in Light of the new cultural geography. Social Science & Medicine. 1992, 34 (7): 735-746. 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90360-3.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. 2005, Island Press, Washington, DC Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. 2005, Island Press, Washington, DC
5.
go back to reference Anyinam C: Ecology and Ethnomedicine: Exploring Links Between Current Environmental Crisis and Indigenous Medical Practices. Social Science & Medicine. 1995, 40 (3): 321-329. 10.1016/0277-9536(94)E0098-D.CrossRef Anyinam C: Ecology and Ethnomedicine: Exploring Links Between Current Environmental Crisis and Indigenous Medical Practices. Social Science & Medicine. 1995, 40 (3): 321-329. 10.1016/0277-9536(94)E0098-D.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Alves RRN, Rosa IL: Why study the use of animal products in traditional medicines?. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2005, 1: 1-5. 10.1186/1746-4269-1-1.CrossRef Alves RRN, Rosa IL: Why study the use of animal products in traditional medicines?. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2005, 1: 1-5. 10.1186/1746-4269-1-1.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference McMichael AJ, Beaglehole R: The changing global context of public health. Lancet. 2000, 356: 495-499. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02564-2.PubMedCrossRef McMichael AJ, Beaglehole R: The changing global context of public health. Lancet. 2000, 356: 495-499. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02564-2.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Lebel J: Health: an ecosystem approach. 2003, International Development Research Centre Lebel J: Health: an ecosystem approach. 2003, International Development Research Centre
10.
go back to reference Chivian E: Biodiversity: Its Importance to Human Health. 2002, Center for Health and the Global Environment. Harvard Medical School Chivian E: Biodiversity: Its Importance to Human Health. 2002, Center for Health and the Global Environment. Harvard Medical School
11.
go back to reference Cowden CJ, Paterson I: Cancer drugs better than taxol?. Nature. 1997, 387: 238-239. 10.1038/387238a0.PubMedCrossRef Cowden CJ, Paterson I: Cancer drugs better than taxol?. Nature. 1997, 387: 238-239. 10.1038/387238a0.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Nicolaou KC, Guy RK, Potier P: Taxoids: new weapons against cancer. Scientific American. 1996, 274 (6): 94-8.PubMedCrossRef Nicolaou KC, Guy RK, Potier P: Taxoids: new weapons against cancer. Scientific American. 1996, 274 (6): 94-8.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference McGuire WP, Rowinsky EK, Rosenshein NB, Grumbine FC, Ettinger DS, Armstrong DK, Donehower RC: Taxol: a unique antineoplastic agent with significant activity in advanced ovarian epithelial neoplasms. Ann Intern Med. 1989, 111 (4): 273-9.PubMedCrossRef McGuire WP, Rowinsky EK, Rosenshein NB, Grumbine FC, Ettinger DS, Armstrong DK, Donehower RC: Taxol: a unique antineoplastic agent with significant activity in advanced ovarian epithelial neoplasms. Ann Intern Med. 1989, 111 (4): 273-9.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Olivera BM, Rivier J, Clark C, Ramilo CA, Corpuz GP, Abogadie FC, Mena EE, Woodward SR, Hillyard DR, Cruz LJ: Diversity of Conus neuropeptides. Science. 1990, 249 (4966): 257-263. 10.1126/science.2165278.PubMedCrossRef Olivera BM, Rivier J, Clark C, Ramilo CA, Corpuz GP, Abogadie FC, Mena EE, Woodward SR, Hillyard DR, Cruz LJ: Diversity of Conus neuropeptides. Science. 1990, 249 (4966): 257-263. 10.1126/science.2165278.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Malmberg AB, Yaksh TL: Effects of continuous intrathecal infusion of omega-conopeptides on behavior and anti-nociception in the formalin and hot plate tests in rats. Pain. 1994, 60: 83-90. 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00094-U.CrossRef Malmberg AB, Yaksh TL: Effects of continuous intrathecal infusion of omega-conopeptides on behavior and anti-nociception in the formalin and hot plate tests in rats. Pain. 1994, 60: 83-90. 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00094-U.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Valentino K, Newcomb R, Gadbois T, Singh T, Bowersox S, Bitner S, Justice A, Yamashiro D, Hoffman BB, Ciaranello R, Miljanich G, Ramachandran J: A selective N-type calcium channel antagonist protects against neuronal loss after global cerebral ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1993, 90: 7894-7. 10.1073/pnas.90.16.7894.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Valentino K, Newcomb R, Gadbois T, Singh T, Bowersox S, Bitner S, Justice A, Yamashiro D, Hoffman BB, Ciaranello R, Miljanich G, Ramachandran J: A selective N-type calcium channel antagonist protects against neuronal loss after global cerebral ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1993, 90: 7894-7. 10.1073/pnas.90.16.7894.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Miljanich GP: Venom peptides as human pharmaceuticals. Sci Med. 1997, 4 (5): 6-15. Miljanich GP: Venom peptides as human pharmaceuticals. Sci Med. 1997, 4 (5): 6-15.
18.
go back to reference Bowersox SS, Tich N, Mayo M, Luther R: SNX-111: antinociceptive agent Ntype voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker. Drugs Future. 1998, 23 (2): 152-60. 10.1358/dof.1998.023.02.443399.CrossRef Bowersox SS, Tich N, Mayo M, Luther R: SNX-111: antinociceptive agent Ntype voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker. Drugs Future. 1998, 23 (2): 152-60. 10.1358/dof.1998.023.02.443399.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Jones GP, McCormick MI, Srinivasan M, Eagle JV: Coral decline threatens fish biodiversity in marine reserves. PNAS. 2004, 101: 8251-8253. 10.1073/pnas.0401277101.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Jones GP, McCormick MI, Srinivasan M, Eagle JV: Coral decline threatens fish biodiversity in marine reserves. PNAS. 2004, 101: 8251-8253. 10.1073/pnas.0401277101.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Anderson PK, Morales FJ: The emergence of new plant diseases: the case of insect- transmitted plant viruses. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994, 740: 181-94. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19868.x.PubMedCrossRef Anderson PK, Morales FJ: The emergence of new plant diseases: the case of insect- transmitted plant viruses. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994, 740: 181-94. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19868.x.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Epstein PR: Climate, ecology, and human health. Consequences. 1997, 3 (2): 2-19. Epstein PR: Climate, ecology, and human health. Consequences. 1997, 3 (2): 2-19.
22.
go back to reference Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD: Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife: threats to biodiversity and human health. Science. 2000, 287: 443-9. 10.1126/science.287.5452.443.PubMedCrossRef Daszak P, Cunningham AA, Hyatt AD: Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife: threats to biodiversity and human health. Science. 2000, 287: 443-9. 10.1126/science.287.5452.443.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Ostfeld RS, Keesing F: Biodiversity and disease risk: the case of Lyme disease. Conserv Biology. 2000, 14 (3): 722-8. 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99014.x.CrossRef Ostfeld RS, Keesing F: Biodiversity and disease risk: the case of Lyme disease. Conserv Biology. 2000, 14 (3): 722-8. 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99014.x.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Walsh JF, Molyneux DH, Birley MH: Deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease. Parasitology. 1993, 106: S55-S75.PubMedCrossRef Walsh JF, Molyneux DH, Birley MH: Deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease. Parasitology. 1993, 106: S55-S75.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Ostfeld RS, Keesing F, Jones CG, Canham CD, Lovett GM: Integrative ecology and the dynamics of species in oak forests. Integr Biol. 1998, 1: 178-86. 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:5<178::AID-INBI3>3.0.CO;2-C.CrossRef Ostfeld RS, Keesing F, Jones CG, Canham CD, Lovett GM: Integrative ecology and the dynamics of species in oak forests. Integr Biol. 1998, 1: 178-86. 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6602(1998)1:5<178::AID-INBI3>3.0.CO;2-C.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Wenzel RP: A new hantavirus infection in North America. N Engl J Med. 1994, 330 (14): 1004-5. 10.1056/NEJM199404073301410.PubMedCrossRef Wenzel RP: A new hantavirus infection in North America. N Engl J Med. 1994, 330 (14): 1004-5. 10.1056/NEJM199404073301410.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference McMichael AJ, Woodruff RE: Detecting the Health Effects of Environmental Change: Scientific and Political Challenge. EcoHealth. 2005, 2: 1-3. 10.1007/s10393-004-0152-0.CrossRef McMichael AJ, Woodruff RE: Detecting the Health Effects of Environmental Change: Scientific and Political Challenge. EcoHealth. 2005, 2: 1-3. 10.1007/s10393-004-0152-0.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Reiter P: Climate Change and Mosquito-Borne Disease. Environ Health Persp. 2001, 1: 141-161. 10.2307/3434853.CrossRef Reiter P: Climate Change and Mosquito-Borne Disease. Environ Health Persp. 2001, 1: 141-161. 10.2307/3434853.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Bell D, Robertson S, Hunter PR: Animal origins of SARS coronavirus: possible links with the international trade in small carnivores. Phil Trans R Soc Lond. 2004, 359: 1107-14. 10.1098/rstb.2004.1492.CrossRef Bell D, Robertson S, Hunter PR: Animal origins of SARS coronavirus: possible links with the international trade in small carnivores. Phil Trans R Soc Lond. 2004, 359: 1107-14. 10.1098/rstb.2004.1492.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Shanley P, Luz L: The impacts of forest degradation on medicinal plant use and implications for health care in eastern Amazonia. BioScience. 2003, 53 (6): 573-584. 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0573:TIOFDO]2.0.CO;2.CrossRef Shanley P, Luz L: The impacts of forest degradation on medicinal plant use and implications for health care in eastern Amazonia. BioScience. 2003, 53 (6): 573-584. 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0573:TIOFDO]2.0.CO;2.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Daily GC, Ehrlich PR: Global change and human susceptibility to diseases. Annu Rev Energy Environ. 1996, 21: 125-44. 10.1146/annurev.energy.21.1.125.CrossRef Daily GC, Ehrlich PR: Global change and human susceptibility to diseases. Annu Rev Energy Environ. 1996, 21: 125-44. 10.1146/annurev.energy.21.1.125.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Calixto JB: Twenty-five years of research on medicinal plants in Latin America. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 100: 131-134. 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.004.PubMedCrossRef Calixto JB: Twenty-five years of research on medicinal plants in Latin America. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 100: 131-134. 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.004.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Kerharo J: Traditional Pharmacopoieas and Environment. African Environ. 1975, 1: 30- Kerharo J: Traditional Pharmacopoieas and Environment. African Environ. 1975, 1: 30-
35.
go back to reference Anyinam CA: Persistence with Change: A Rural-Urban Study of Ethno-Medical Practices in Contemporary Ghana. PhD thesis. 1987, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario Anyinam CA: Persistence with Change: A Rural-Urban Study of Ethno-Medical Practices in Contemporary Ghana. PhD thesis. 1987, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario
36.
go back to reference Castello L: A Method to Count Pirarucu Arapaima gigas: Fishers, Assessment and Management. North American J Fish Managmt. 2004, 24: 379-389. 10.1577/M02-024.1.CrossRef Castello L: A Method to Count Pirarucu Arapaima gigas: Fishers, Assessment and Management. North American J Fish Managmt. 2004, 24: 379-389. 10.1577/M02-024.1.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Gillingham S: Social Organization and Participatory Resource Management in Brazilian Ribeirinho Communities: A Case Study of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Amazonas. Society & Natural Resources. 2001, 14 (9): 803-814. 10.1080/089419201753210611.CrossRef Gillingham S: Social Organization and Participatory Resource Management in Brazilian Ribeirinho Communities: A Case Study of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Amazonas. Society & Natural Resources. 2001, 14 (9): 803-814. 10.1080/089419201753210611.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Child B: The practice and principles of community-based wildlife management in Zimbabwe: the CAMPFIRE programme. Biodiversity and Conservation. 1996, 5 (3): 369-398. 10.1007/BF00051780.CrossRef Child B: The practice and principles of community-based wildlife management in Zimbabwe: the CAMPFIRE programme. Biodiversity and Conservation. 1996, 5 (3): 369-398. 10.1007/BF00051780.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Pomeroy RS, Carlos MB: Community-based coastal resource management in the Philippines: a review and evaluation of programs and projects, 1984–1994. Marine Policy. 1997, 21 (5): 445-464. 10.1016/S0308-597X(97)00016-X.CrossRef Pomeroy RS, Carlos MB: Community-based coastal resource management in the Philippines: a review and evaluation of programs and projects, 1984–1994. Marine Policy. 1997, 21 (5): 445-464. 10.1016/S0308-597X(97)00016-X.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Michael K, Lambeth L: Fisheries management by communities: a manual on promoting the management of subsistence fisheries by Pacific Island communities. 2000, Secretariat of the Pacific Community Michael K, Lambeth L: Fisheries management by communities: a manual on promoting the management of subsistence fisheries by Pacific Island communities. 2000, Secretariat of the Pacific Community
41.
go back to reference Lev E: Traditional healing with animals (zootherapy): medieval to present-day Levantine practice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 86: 107-118. 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00377-X.CrossRef Lev E: Traditional healing with animals (zootherapy): medieval to present-day Levantine practice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 86: 107-118. 10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00377-X.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Yesilada E: Past and future contributions to traditional medicine in the health care system of the Middle-East. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 100 (1–2): 135-137. 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.003.PubMedCrossRef Yesilada E: Past and future contributions to traditional medicine in the health care system of the Middle-East. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 100 (1–2): 135-137. 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.003.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Alves RRN, Rosa IL: From cnidarians to mammals: The use of animals as remedies in fishing communities in NE Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2006, 107: 259-276. 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.007.PubMedCrossRef Alves RRN, Rosa IL: From cnidarians to mammals: The use of animals as remedies in fishing communities in NE Brazil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2006, 107: 259-276. 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.007.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Adeola MO: Importance of wild Animals and their parts in the culture, religious festivals, and traditional medicine, of Nigeria. Environ Conserv. 1992, 19 (2): 125-134.CrossRef Adeola MO: Importance of wild Animals and their parts in the culture, religious festivals, and traditional medicine, of Nigeria. Environ Conserv. 1992, 19 (2): 125-134.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Farnsworth NR, Morris RW: Higher plants: the sleeping giant for drug development. Am J Pharm. 1976, 148: 46-52.PubMed Farnsworth NR, Morris RW: Higher plants: the sleeping giant for drug development. Am J Pharm. 1976, 148: 46-52.PubMed
46.
go back to reference Farnsworth NR, Soejarto DD: Potential consequence of plant extinction in the United States on the current and future availability of prescription drugs. Econ Bot. 1985, 39 (3): 231-40.CrossRef Farnsworth NR, Soejarto DD: Potential consequence of plant extinction in the United States on the current and future availability of prescription drugs. Econ Bot. 1985, 39 (3): 231-40.CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Soejarto DD: Biodiversity prospecting and benefit-sharing: perspectives from the field. J Ethnopharmacol. 1996, 51: 1-15. 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01345-8.PubMedCrossRef Soejarto DD: Biodiversity prospecting and benefit-sharing: perspectives from the field. J Ethnopharmacol. 1996, 51: 1-15. 10.1016/0378-8741(95)01345-8.PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Grifo F, Rosenthal J: Biodiversity and Human Health. 1997, Island Press, Washington, D.C. Grifo F, Rosenthal J: Biodiversity and Human Health. 1997, Island Press, Washington, D.C.
49.
go back to reference Grifo F, Newman D, Fairfield AS: The origins of prescription drugs. Biodiversity and human health. Edited by: Grifo F, Rosenthal J. 1997, Washington, DC: Island Press, 131-163. Grifo F, Newman D, Fairfield AS: The origins of prescription drugs. Biodiversity and human health. Edited by: Grifo F, Rosenthal J. 1997, Washington, DC: Island Press, 131-163.
50.
go back to reference Chivian E: Environment and health: 7. Species loss and ecosystem disruption – the implications for human health. CMAJ. 2001, 164 (1): 66-9.PubMedCentralPubMed Chivian E: Environment and health: 7. Species loss and ecosystem disruption – the implications for human health. CMAJ. 2001, 164 (1): 66-9.PubMedCentralPubMed
52.
go back to reference Chivian E: Global environmental degradation and species loss: implications for human health. Biodiversity and Human Health. Edited by: Grifo F, Rosenthal J. 1997, Washington: Island Press, 7-38. Chivian E: Global environmental degradation and species loss: implications for human health. Biodiversity and Human Health. Edited by: Grifo F, Rosenthal J. 1997, Washington: Island Press, 7-38.
53.
go back to reference Farnsworth NR, Bingel AS: Problems and prospects of discovering new drugs from higher plants by pharmacological screening. New Natural Products and Plant Drugs with Pharmacological, Biological or Therapeutic Activity. Edited by: Wagner H, Wolff P. 1997, Berlin: Springer, 1-22. Farnsworth NR, Bingel AS: Problems and prospects of discovering new drugs from higher plants by pharmacological screening. New Natural Products and Plant Drugs with Pharmacological, Biological or Therapeutic Activity. Edited by: Wagner H, Wolff P. 1997, Berlin: Springer, 1-22.
54.
go back to reference Farnsworth NR: Screening plants for new medicines. Biodiversity. Edited by: Wilson EO. 1988, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 83-97. Farnsworth NR: Screening plants for new medicines. Biodiversity. Edited by: Wilson EO. 1988, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 83-97.
55.
go back to reference Balick MJ: Ethnobotany and the identification of therapeutic agents from the rainforest. Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Edited by: Anonymous. 1990, Ciba Foundation Symposium 154. Wiley Interscience, New York, 22-31. Balick MJ: Ethnobotany and the identification of therapeutic agents from the rainforest. Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Edited by: Anonymous. 1990, Ciba Foundation Symposium 154. Wiley Interscience, New York, 22-31.
56.
go back to reference Cox PA: Ethnopharmacology and the search for new drugs. Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Edited by: Anonymous. 1990, Ciba Foundation Symposium 154. Wiley Interscience, New York, 40-47. Cox PA: Ethnopharmacology and the search for new drugs. Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Edited by: Anonymous. 1990, Ciba Foundation Symposium 154. Wiley Interscience, New York, 40-47.
57.
go back to reference Farnsworth NR: The role of ethnopharmacology in drug development. Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Edited by: Anonymous. 1990, Ciba Foundation Symposium 154. Wiley Interscience, New York, 2-11. Farnsworth NR: The role of ethnopharmacology in drug development. Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Edited by: Anonymous. 1990, Ciba Foundation Symposium 154. Wiley Interscience, New York, 2-11.
58.
go back to reference Cox PA, Balick MJ: The ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery. Scientific American. 1994, 270 (6): 82-87.PubMedCrossRef Cox PA, Balick MJ: The ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery. Scientific American. 1994, 270 (6): 82-87.PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Kunin WE, Lawton JH: Does biodiversity matter? Evaluating the case for conserving species. Biodiversity: a biology of numbers and differences. Edited by: Gaston KJ. 1996, Blackwell Science, 283-308. Kunin WE, Lawton JH: Does biodiversity matter? Evaluating the case for conserving species. Biodiversity: a biology of numbers and differences. Edited by: Gaston KJ. 1996, Blackwell Science, 283-308.
60.
go back to reference Marques JGW: Fauna medicinal: Recurso do ambiente ou ameaça à biodiversidade?. Mutum. 1997, 1 (1): 4- Marques JGW: Fauna medicinal: Recurso do ambiente ou ameaça à biodiversidade?. Mutum. 1997, 1 (1): 4-
61.
go back to reference World Resources Institute: World Resources Report 2000–2001. People and ecosystems: the fraying web of life. 2000, Washington D.C.: World Resources Institute World Resources Institute: World Resources Report 2000–2001. People and ecosystems: the fraying web of life. 2000, Washington D.C.: World Resources Institute
62.
go back to reference Bisset NG: One man's poison, another man's medicine?. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1991, 32: 71-81. 10.1016/0378-8741(91)90105-M.PubMedCrossRef Bisset NG: One man's poison, another man's medicine?. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1991, 32: 71-81. 10.1016/0378-8741(91)90105-M.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Carté BK: Biomedical potential of marine natural products. BioScience. 1996, 46: 271-286. 10.2307/1312834.CrossRef Carté BK: Biomedical potential of marine natural products. BioScience. 1996, 46: 271-286. 10.2307/1312834.CrossRef
64.
go back to reference Faulkner DJ: Biomedical uses for natural marine chemicals. Oceanus. 1992, 35: 29-35. Faulkner DJ: Biomedical uses for natural marine chemicals. Oceanus. 1992, 35: 29-35.
65.
go back to reference Kang S, Phipps M: A question of attitude: South Korea's Traditional Medicine Practitioners and Wildlife Conservation. 2003, TRAFFIC East Asia, Hong Kong Kang S, Phipps M: A question of attitude: South Korea's Traditional Medicine Practitioners and Wildlife Conservation. 2003, TRAFFIC East Asia, Hong Kong
66.
go back to reference Correa CM: Protection and promotion of traditional medicine: implications for public health in developing countries. 2002, Switzerland: South Centre Correa CM: Protection and promotion of traditional medicine: implications for public health in developing countries. 2002, Switzerland: South Centre
67.
go back to reference Lettington R: The protection and Promotion of Traditional and Marginalized Medicinal knowledge: Romantic Dream or Twenty-First century Necessity?. Regional Conference on medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicines and Local Communities in Africa: Challenges and opportunities of the New Millenium, Nairobi. 2000 Lettington R: The protection and Promotion of Traditional and Marginalized Medicinal knowledge: Romantic Dream or Twenty-First century Necessity?. Regional Conference on medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicines and Local Communities in Africa: Challenges and opportunities of the New Millenium, Nairobi. 2000
68.
go back to reference Ten Kate K, Laird S: The Commercial Use of Biodiversity: Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing. 1999, Commission of the European Communities and Earthscan Publications Ltd. London Ten Kate K, Laird S: The Commercial Use of Biodiversity: Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing. 1999, Commission of the European Communities and Earthscan Publications Ltd. London
69.
go back to reference Hamilton A: Medicinal Plants and Conservation: Issues and Approaches. 2003, WWF UK report Hamilton A: Medicinal Plants and Conservation: Issues and Approaches. 2003, WWF UK report
70.
go back to reference Prance GT: An ethnobotanical comparison of four tribes of Amazonian indians. Acta Amazônica. 1972, 2 (2): 7-27. Prance GT: An ethnobotanical comparison of four tribes of Amazonian indians. Acta Amazônica. 1972, 2 (2): 7-27.
71.
go back to reference Balée W: A Etnobotânica Quantitativa dos Índios Tembé. Boletin Museu Paraense. 1986, 3: 29-50. Balée W: A Etnobotânica Quantitativa dos Índios Tembé. Boletin Museu Paraense. 1986, 3: 29-50.
72.
go back to reference Balée W: Análise Preliminar de Inventário Florestal e a Etnobotânica. Ka'apor. Boletin Museu Paraense. 1987, 3: 29-50. Balée W: Análise Preliminar de Inventário Florestal e a Etnobotânica. Ka'apor. Boletin Museu Paraense. 1987, 3: 29-50.
73.
go back to reference Branch LC, Silva MF: Folk medicine of Alter do Chão, Pará, Brazil. Acta Amazônica. 1983, 13: 5-6. Branch LC, Silva MF: Folk medicine of Alter do Chão, Pará, Brazil. Acta Amazônica. 1983, 13: 5-6.
74.
go back to reference Amorozo MCM, Gély A: Uso de plantas medicinais por caboclos do Baixo Amazonas, Barcarena, PA. Brasil. Boletin de Museu Paraense. 1988, 1: 47-131. Amorozo MCM, Gély A: Uso de plantas medicinais por caboclos do Baixo Amazonas, Barcarena, PA. Brasil. Boletin de Museu Paraense. 1988, 1: 47-131.
75.
go back to reference Voeks RA: Tropical forest healers and habitat preference. Economic Botany. 1996, 50: 381-400.CrossRef Voeks RA: Tropical forest healers and habitat preference. Economic Botany. 1996, 50: 381-400.CrossRef
76.
go back to reference Stepp JR, Moerman DE: The importance of weeds in ethnopharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2001, 75: 19-23. 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00385-8.PubMedCrossRef Stepp JR, Moerman DE: The importance of weeds in ethnopharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2001, 75: 19-23. 10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00385-8.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Fowler C, Hodgkin T: Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: assessing global availability. Annu Rev Environ Resour. 2004, 29: 143-79. 10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102203.CrossRef Fowler C, Hodgkin T: Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: assessing global availability. Annu Rev Environ Resour. 2004, 29: 143-79. 10.1146/annurev.energy.29.062403.102203.CrossRef
78.
go back to reference Beinart W, Middleton K: Plant transfer in historical perspective: A review article. Environ Hist. 2004, 10: 3-29.CrossRef Beinart W, Middleton K: Plant transfer in historical perspective: A review article. Environ Hist. 2004, 10: 3-29.CrossRef
79.
go back to reference Voeks RA: Disturbance pharmacopeias: Medicine and myth from the humid tropics. Ann Assoc Am Geogr. 2004, 94 (4): 868-888. Voeks RA: Disturbance pharmacopeias: Medicine and myth from the humid tropics. Ann Assoc Am Geogr. 2004, 94 (4): 868-888.
80.
go back to reference Alves RRN, Rosa IL: Zootherapeutic practices among fishing communities in North and Northeast Brazil: A comparison. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.033, Alves RRN, Rosa IL: Zootherapeutic practices among fishing communities in North and Northeast Brazil: A comparison. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.033,
81.
go back to reference Sodeinde OA, Soewu DA: Pilot study of the traditional medicine trade in Nigeria. Traffic Bulletin. 1999, 18 (1): 35-40. Sodeinde OA, Soewu DA: Pilot study of the traditional medicine trade in Nigeria. Traffic Bulletin. 1999, 18 (1): 35-40.
82.
go back to reference Silva SR, Buitrón X, Oliveira LH, Martins MVM: Plantas medicinais doBrasil: aspectos gerais sobre legislação e comércio. 2001, Ministério de Cooperação Econômica e Desenvolvimento da Alemanha & IBAMA. Relatório Final Silva SR, Buitrón X, Oliveira LH, Martins MVM: Plantas medicinais doBrasil: aspectos gerais sobre legislação e comércio. 2001, Ministério de Cooperação Econômica e Desenvolvimento da Alemanha & IBAMA. Relatório Final
83.
go back to reference SBB – Sociedade brasileira de Botânica: Centuria Plantarum Brasiliensium Exstintionis Minitata. 1992, Brasília, DF SBB – Sociedade brasileira de Botânica: Centuria Plantarum Brasiliensium Exstintionis Minitata. 1992, Brasília, DF
84.
go back to reference Silva SR: Uma nota sobre a Exploração de Plantas Medicinais do Cerrado. Plantas Medicinais do Cerrado: Perspectivas comunitárias para a saúde, o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Edited by: Ediviges, Mineiros, GO. 1999, 237-245. Silva SR: Uma nota sobre a Exploração de Plantas Medicinais do Cerrado. Plantas Medicinais do Cerrado: Perspectivas comunitárias para a saúde, o meio ambiente e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Edited by: Ediviges, Mineiros, GO. 1999, 237-245.
85.
go back to reference De Smet PAGM: Is there any danger in using traditional remedies?. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991, 32: 43-50. 10.1016/0378-8741(91)90102-J.PubMedCrossRef De Smet PAGM: Is there any danger in using traditional remedies?. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991, 32: 43-50. 10.1016/0378-8741(91)90102-J.PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Fabricant DS, Farnsworth NR: The Value of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for Drug Discovery. Environ Health Persp. 2001, 1: 69-75. 10.2307/3434847.CrossRef Fabricant DS, Farnsworth NR: The Value of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for Drug Discovery. Environ Health Persp. 2001, 1: 69-75. 10.2307/3434847.CrossRef
87.
go back to reference Ernst E, Thompson Coon J: Heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines: a systematic review. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001, 70: 497-504.PubMedCrossRef Ernst E, Thompson Coon J: Heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines: a systematic review. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001, 70: 497-504.PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference WHO (World Health Organization): The promotion and development of traditional medicine. Technical Report Series, 622, WHO, Geneva. 1978 WHO (World Health Organization): The promotion and development of traditional medicine. Technical Report Series, 622, WHO, Geneva. 1978
89.
go back to reference Still J: Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards. Complement Ther Med. 2003, 11: 118-122. 10.1016/S0965-2299(03)00055-4.PubMedCrossRef Still J: Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards. Complement Ther Med. 2003, 11: 118-122. 10.1016/S0965-2299(03)00055-4.PubMedCrossRef
90.
go back to reference Schnurrenberger PR, Hubbert WT: An outline of the zoonoses. 1981, Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press Schnurrenberger PR, Hubbert WT: An outline of the zoonoses. 1981, Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press
91.
go back to reference Brown V, Grootjans J, Ritchie J, Townsend M, Verinder G: Sustainability and health: supporting global ecological integrity in public health. 2005, Earthscan Publications Brown V, Grootjans J, Ritchie J, Townsend M, Verinder G: Sustainability and health: supporting global ecological integrity in public health. 2005, Earthscan Publications
92.
go back to reference Lee SKH: Trade in traditional medicine using endangered species: an international context. Proceedings of the second Australian Symposium on traditional medicine and wildlife conservation. 1999, Melbourne Australia Lee SKH: Trade in traditional medicine using endangered species: an international context. Proceedings of the second Australian Symposium on traditional medicine and wildlife conservation. 1999, Melbourne Australia
93.
go back to reference Labadie RP: Problems and possibilities in the use of traditional drugs. J Ethnopharmacol. 1986, 15: 221-230. 10.1016/0378-8741(86)90162-5.PubMedCrossRef Labadie RP: Problems and possibilities in the use of traditional drugs. J Ethnopharmacol. 1986, 15: 221-230. 10.1016/0378-8741(86)90162-5.PubMedCrossRef
94.
go back to reference Bodeker G, Kronenberg F: A Public Health Agenda for Complementary, Alternative and Traditional (indigenous) Medicine. American Journal of Public Health. 2002, 92 (10): 1582-1591.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bodeker G, Kronenberg F: A Public Health Agenda for Complementary, Alternative and Traditional (indigenous) Medicine. American Journal of Public Health. 2002, 92 (10): 1582-1591.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Giordano J, Garcia MK, Strickland G: Integrating Chinese Traditional Medicine into a U.S. Public Health Paradigm. J Altern Complem Med. 2004, 10 (4): 706-710.CrossRef Giordano J, Garcia MK, Strickland G: Integrating Chinese Traditional Medicine into a U.S. Public Health Paradigm. J Altern Complem Med. 2004, 10 (4): 706-710.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Biodiversity, traditional medicine and public health: where do they meet?
Authors
Rômulo RN Alves
Ierecê ML Rosa
Publication date
01-12-2007
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine / Issue 1/2007
Electronic ISSN: 1746-4269
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-3-14

Other articles of this Issue 1/2007

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 1/2007 Go to the issue