Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Head & Face Medicine 1/2009

Open Access 01-12-2009 | Methodology

A new biphasic osteoinductive calcium composite material with a negative Zeta potential for bone augmentation

Authors: Ralf Smeets, Andreas Kolk, Marcus Gerressen, Oliver Driemel, Oliver Maciejewski, Benita Hermanns-Sachweh, Dieter Riediger, Jamal M. Stein

Published in: Head & Face Medicine | Issue 1/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to analyze the osteogenic potential of a biphasic calcium composite material (BCC) with a negative surface charge for maxillary sinus floor augmentation. In a 61 year old patient, the BCC material was used in a bilateral sinus floor augmentation procedure. Six months postoperative, a bone sample was taken from the augmented regions before two titanium implants were inserted at each side. We analyzed bone neoformation by histology, bone density by computed tomography, and measured the activity of voltage-activated calcium currents of osteoblasts and surface charge effects. Control orthopantomograms were carried out five months after implant insertion. The BCC was biocompatible and replaced by new mineralized bone after being resorbed completely. The material demonstrated a negative surface charge (negative Zeta potential) which was found to be favorable for bone regeneration and osseointegration of dental implants.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Boyne PJ, James RA: Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone. J Oral Surg. 1980, 38: 613-616.PubMed Boyne PJ, James RA: Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone. J Oral Surg. 1980, 38: 613-616.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Tatum H: Maxillary and sinus implant reconstructions. Dent Clin North Am. 1986, 30: 207-229.PubMed Tatum H: Maxillary and sinus implant reconstructions. Dent Clin North Am. 1986, 30: 207-229.PubMed
3.
go back to reference Wood RM, Moore DL: Grafting of the maxillary sinus with intraorally harvested auogenous bone prior to implant placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1988, 3: 209-214.PubMed Wood RM, Moore DL: Grafting of the maxillary sinus with intraorally harvested auogenous bone prior to implant placement. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1988, 3: 209-214.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Kent JN, Block MS: Simultaneous maxillary sinus floor bone grafting and placement of hydroxylapatite-coated implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989, 47: 238-242. 10.1016/0278-2391(89)90225-5.CrossRefPubMed Kent JN, Block MS: Simultaneous maxillary sinus floor bone grafting and placement of hydroxylapatite-coated implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989, 47: 238-242. 10.1016/0278-2391(89)90225-5.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Small SA, Zinner ID, Panno FV, Shapiro HJ, Stein JI: Augmenting the maxillary sinus for implants: report of 27 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993, 8: 523-528.PubMed Small SA, Zinner ID, Panno FV, Shapiro HJ, Stein JI: Augmenting the maxillary sinus for implants: report of 27 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1993, 8: 523-528.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Lee YM, Shin SY, Kim JY, Kye SB, Ku Y, Rhyu IC: Bone reaction to bovine hydroxyapatite for maxillary sinus floor augmentation: histologic results in humans. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006, 26: 471-481.PubMed Lee YM, Shin SY, Kim JY, Kye SB, Ku Y, Rhyu IC: Bone reaction to bovine hydroxyapatite for maxillary sinus floor augmentation: histologic results in humans. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006, 26: 471-481.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Zerbo IR, Zijderveld SA, de Boer A, Bronckers AL, de Lange G, ten Bruggenkate CM, Burger EH: Histomorphometry of human sinus floor augmentation using a porous beta-tricalcium phosphate: a prospective study. Clin Oral Implants. 2004, 15: 724-732. 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01055.x.CrossRef Zerbo IR, Zijderveld SA, de Boer A, Bronckers AL, de Lange G, ten Bruggenkate CM, Burger EH: Histomorphometry of human sinus floor augmentation using a porous beta-tricalcium phosphate: a prospective study. Clin Oral Implants. 2004, 15: 724-732. 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01055.x.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Szabó G, Suba Z, Hrabák K, Barabás J, Németh Z: Autogenous bone versus beta-tricalcium phosphate graft alone for bilateral sinus elevations (2- and 3-dimensional computed tomographic, histologic, and histomorphometric evaluations): preliminary results. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001, 16: 681-692.PubMed Szabó G, Suba Z, Hrabák K, Barabás J, Németh Z: Autogenous bone versus beta-tricalcium phosphate graft alone for bilateral sinus elevations (2- and 3-dimensional computed tomographic, histologic, and histomorphometric evaluations): preliminary results. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001, 16: 681-692.PubMed
9.
go back to reference Guarnieri R, Bovi M: Maxillary sinus augmentation using prehardened calcium sulfate: a case report. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2002, 22: 503-508.PubMed Guarnieri R, Bovi M: Maxillary sinus augmentation using prehardened calcium sulfate: a case report. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2002, 22: 503-508.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Albrektsson T, Johansson C: Osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration. Eur Spine J. 2001, 10 (Suppl 2): S96-S101.PubMedPubMedCentral Albrektsson T, Johansson C: Osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration. Eur Spine J. 2001, 10 (Suppl 2): S96-S101.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Scarano A, Degidi M, Iezzi G, Pecora G, Piattelli M, Orsini G, Caputi S, Perrotti V, Mangano C, Piattelli A: Maxillary sinus augmentation with different biomaterials: a comparative histologic and histomorphometric study in man. Implant Dent. 2006, 15: 197-207. 10.1097/01.id.0000220120.54308.f3.CrossRefPubMed Scarano A, Degidi M, Iezzi G, Pecora G, Piattelli M, Orsini G, Caputi S, Perrotti V, Mangano C, Piattelli A: Maxillary sinus augmentation with different biomaterials: a comparative histologic and histomorphometric study in man. Implant Dent. 2006, 15: 197-207. 10.1097/01.id.0000220120.54308.f3.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Zerbo IR, Bronckers AL, de Lange GL, van Beek GJ, Burger EH: Histology of human alveolar bone regeneration with a porous tricalcium phosphate. A report of two cases. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001, 12: 379-384. 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.012004379.x.CrossRefPubMed Zerbo IR, Bronckers AL, de Lange GL, van Beek GJ, Burger EH: Histology of human alveolar bone regeneration with a porous tricalcium phosphate. A report of two cases. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001, 12: 379-384. 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.012004379.x.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference El-Ghannam A, Hamazawy E, Yehia A: Effect of thermal treatment on bioactive glass microstructure, corrosion behavior, Zeta potential, and protein adsorption. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001, 55: 387-395. 10.1002/1097-4636(20010605)55:3<387::AID-JBM1027>3.0.CO;2-V.CrossRefPubMed El-Ghannam A, Hamazawy E, Yehia A: Effect of thermal treatment on bioactive glass microstructure, corrosion behavior, Zeta potential, and protein adsorption. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001, 55: 387-395. 10.1002/1097-4636(20010605)55:3<387::AID-JBM1027>3.0.CO;2-V.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Le Nihouannen D, Saffarzadeh A, Gauthier O, Moreau F, Pilet P, Spaethe R, Layrolle P, Daculsi G: Bone tissue formation in sheep muscles induced by a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic and fibrin glue composite. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2008, 19: 667-675. 10.1007/s10856-007-3206-3.CrossRefPubMed Le Nihouannen D, Saffarzadeh A, Gauthier O, Moreau F, Pilet P, Spaethe R, Layrolle P, Daculsi G: Bone tissue formation in sheep muscles induced by a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic and fibrin glue composite. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2008, 19: 667-675. 10.1007/s10856-007-3206-3.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Ohgaki M, Kizuki T, Katsura M, Yamashita K: Manipulation of selective cell adhesion and growth by surface charges of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001, 57: 366-373. 10.1002/1097-4636(20011205)57:3<366::AID-JBM1179>3.0.CO;2-X.CrossRefPubMed Ohgaki M, Kizuki T, Katsura M, Yamashita K: Manipulation of selective cell adhesion and growth by surface charges of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001, 57: 366-373. 10.1002/1097-4636(20011205)57:3<366::AID-JBM1179>3.0.CO;2-X.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Teng NC, Nakamura S, Takagi Y, Yamashita Y, Ohgaki M, Yamashita K: A new approach to enhancement of bone formation by electrically polarized hydroxyapatite. J Dent Res. 2001, 80: 1925-1929. 10.1177/00220345010800101201.CrossRefPubMed Teng NC, Nakamura S, Takagi Y, Yamashita Y, Ohgaki M, Yamashita K: A new approach to enhancement of bone formation by electrically polarized hydroxyapatite. J Dent Res. 2001, 80: 1925-1929. 10.1177/00220345010800101201.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Tanimoto Y, Shibata Y, Kataoka Y, Miyazaki T, Nishiyama N: Osteoblast-like cell proliferation on tape-cast and sintered tricalcium phosphate sheets. Acta Biomater. 2008, 4: 397-402. 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.10.001.CrossRefPubMed Tanimoto Y, Shibata Y, Kataoka Y, Miyazaki T, Nishiyama N: Osteoblast-like cell proliferation on tape-cast and sintered tricalcium phosphate sheets. Acta Biomater. 2008, 4: 397-402. 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.10.001.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Kokubo T: Formation of biologically active bone-like apatite on metals, polymers by a biomimetic process. Thermochimica Acta. 1996, 280/281: 479-90. 10.1016/0040-6031(95)02784-X.CrossRef Kokubo T: Formation of biologically active bone-like apatite on metals, polymers by a biomimetic process. Thermochimica Acta. 1996, 280/281: 479-90. 10.1016/0040-6031(95)02784-X.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Bergera G, Ullnerb Ch, Neumann G, Marx H: New Characterization of Setting Times of Alkali Containing Calcium Phosphate Cements by Using an Automatically Working Device According to Gillmore Needle Test. Key Engineering Materials. 2006, 309–311: 825-828. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.309-311.825.CrossRef Bergera G, Ullnerb Ch, Neumann G, Marx H: New Characterization of Setting Times of Alkali Containing Calcium Phosphate Cements by Using an Automatically Working Device According to Gillmore Needle Test. Key Engineering Materials. 2006, 309–311: 825-828. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.309-311.825.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Harding IS, Rashid N, Hing KA: Surface charge and the effect of excess calcium ions on the hydroxyapatite surface. Biomaterials. 2005, 26: 6818-6826. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.060.CrossRefPubMed Harding IS, Rashid N, Hing KA: Surface charge and the effect of excess calcium ions on the hydroxyapatite surface. Biomaterials. 2005, 26: 6818-6826. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.060.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference McAllister BS, Margolin MD, Cogan AG, Taylor M, Wollins J: Residual lateral wall defects following sinus grafting with recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 or Bio-Oss in the chimpanzee. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1998, 18: 227-239.PubMed McAllister BS, Margolin MD, Cogan AG, Taylor M, Wollins J: Residual lateral wall defects following sinus grafting with recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 or Bio-Oss in the chimpanzee. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1998, 18: 227-239.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Haas R, Donath K, Födinger M, Watzek G: Bovine hydroxyapatite for maxillary sinus grafting: comparative histomorphometric findings in sheep. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998, 9: 107-116. 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1998.090206.x.CrossRefPubMed Haas R, Donath K, Födinger M, Watzek G: Bovine hydroxyapatite for maxillary sinus grafting: comparative histomorphometric findings in sheep. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998, 9: 107-116. 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1998.090206.x.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Horch HH, Sader R, Pautke C, Neff A, Deppe H, Kolk A: Synthetic, pure-phase beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic granules (Cerasorb) for bone regeneration in the reconstructive surgery of the jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006, 35: 708-713. 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.03.017.CrossRefPubMed Horch HH, Sader R, Pautke C, Neff A, Deppe H, Kolk A: Synthetic, pure-phase beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic granules (Cerasorb) for bone regeneration in the reconstructive surgery of the jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006, 35: 708-713. 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.03.017.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Yildirim M, Spiekermann H, Biesterfeld S, Edelhoff D: Maxillary sinus augmentation using xenogenic bone substitute material Bio-Oss in combination with venous blood. A histologic and histomorphometric study in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000, 11: 217-229. 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011003217.x.CrossRefPubMed Yildirim M, Spiekermann H, Biesterfeld S, Edelhoff D: Maxillary sinus augmentation using xenogenic bone substitute material Bio-Oss in combination with venous blood. A histologic and histomorphometric study in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000, 11: 217-229. 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011003217.x.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Valentini P, Abensur D, Densari D, Graziani JN, Hämmerle C: Histological evaluation of Bio-Oss in a 2-stage sinus floor elevation and implantation procedure. A human case report. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998, 9: 59-64. 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1998.090108.x.CrossRefPubMed Valentini P, Abensur D, Densari D, Graziani JN, Hämmerle C: Histological evaluation of Bio-Oss in a 2-stage sinus floor elevation and implantation procedure. A human case report. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998, 9: 59-64. 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1998.090108.x.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Trisi P, Rebaudi A, Calvari F, Lazzara RJ: Sinus graft with biogran, autogenous bone, and PRP: a report of three cases with histology and micro-CT. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006, 26: 113-125.PubMed Trisi P, Rebaudi A, Calvari F, Lazzara RJ: Sinus graft with biogran, autogenous bone, and PRP: a report of three cases with histology and micro-CT. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006, 26: 113-125.PubMed
27.
go back to reference Guarnieri R, Grassi R, Ripari M, Pecora G: Maxillary sinus augmentation using granular calcium sulfate (surgiplaster sinus): radiographic and histologic study at 2 years. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006, 26: 79-85.PubMed Guarnieri R, Grassi R, Ripari M, Pecora G: Maxillary sinus augmentation using granular calcium sulfate (surgiplaster sinus): radiographic and histologic study at 2 years. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006, 26: 79-85.PubMed
28.
go back to reference Eggli PS, Müller W, Schenk RK: Porous hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate cylinders with two different pore size ranges implanted in the cancellous bone of rabbits. A comparative histomorphometric and histologic study of bony ingrowth and implant substitution. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988, 232: 127-138.PubMed Eggli PS, Müller W, Schenk RK: Porous hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate cylinders with two different pore size ranges implanted in the cancellous bone of rabbits. A comparative histomorphometric and histologic study of bony ingrowth and implant substitution. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988, 232: 127-138.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE, Tal H, Dayan D: Histopathological morphometric evaluation of 2 different hydroxyapatite-bone derivatives in sinus augmentation procedures: a comparative study in humans. J Periodontol. 2001, 72: 911-920. 10.1902/jop.2001.72.7.911.CrossRefPubMed Artzi Z, Nemcovsky CE, Tal H, Dayan D: Histopathological morphometric evaluation of 2 different hydroxyapatite-bone derivatives in sinus augmentation procedures: a comparative study in humans. J Periodontol. 2001, 72: 911-920. 10.1902/jop.2001.72.7.911.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Fernández E, Vlad MD, Gel MM, López J, Torres R, Cauich JV, Boher M: Modulation of porosity in apatitic cements by the use of alpha-tricalcium phosphate-calcium sulphate dihydrate mixtures. Biomaterials. 2005, 26: 3395-3404. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.023.CrossRefPubMed Fernández E, Vlad MD, Gel MM, López J, Torres R, Cauich JV, Boher M: Modulation of porosity in apatitic cements by the use of alpha-tricalcium phosphate-calcium sulphate dihydrate mixtures. Biomaterials. 2005, 26: 3395-3404. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.023.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Suzuki T, Yamamoto T, Toriyama M, Nishizawa K, Yokogawa Y, Mucalo MR, Kawamoto Y, Nagata F, Kameyama T: Surface instability of calcium phosphate ceramics in tissue culture medium and the effect on adhesion and growth of anchorage-dependent animal cells. J Biomed Mater Res. 1997, 34: 507-517. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19970315)34:4<507::AID-JBM11>3.0.CO;2-9.CrossRefPubMed Suzuki T, Yamamoto T, Toriyama M, Nishizawa K, Yokogawa Y, Mucalo MR, Kawamoto Y, Nagata F, Kameyama T: Surface instability of calcium phosphate ceramics in tissue culture medium and the effect on adhesion and growth of anchorage-dependent animal cells. J Biomed Mater Res. 1997, 34: 507-517. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19970315)34:4<507::AID-JBM11>3.0.CO;2-9.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Ohgaki M, Kizuki T, Katsura M, Yamashita K: Manipulation of selective cell adhesion and growth by surface charges of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001, 57: 366-373. 10.1002/1097-4636(20011205)57:3<366::AID-JBM1179>3.0.CO;2-X.CrossRefPubMed Ohgaki M, Kizuki T, Katsura M, Yamashita K: Manipulation of selective cell adhesion and growth by surface charges of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001, 57: 366-373. 10.1002/1097-4636(20011205)57:3<366::AID-JBM1179>3.0.CO;2-X.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Teng NC, Nakamura S, Takagi Y, Yamashita Y, Ohgaki M, Yamashita K: A new approach to enhancement of bone formation by electrically polarized hydroxyapatite. J Dent Res. 2001, 80: 1925-1929. 10.1177/00220345010800101201.CrossRefPubMed Teng NC, Nakamura S, Takagi Y, Yamashita Y, Ohgaki M, Yamashita K: A new approach to enhancement of bone formation by electrically polarized hydroxyapatite. J Dent Res. 2001, 80: 1925-1929. 10.1177/00220345010800101201.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Smith IO, Baumann MJ, McCabe LR: Electrostatic interactions as a predictor for osteoblast attachment to biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2004, 70: 436-441. 10.1002/jbm.a.30098.CrossRefPubMed Smith IO, Baumann MJ, McCabe LR: Electrostatic interactions as a predictor for osteoblast attachment to biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2004, 70: 436-441. 10.1002/jbm.a.30098.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Meyer U, Meyer T, Jones DB: No mechanical role for vinculin in strain transduction in primary bovine osteoblasts. Biochem Cell Biol. 1997, 75: 81-87. 10.1139/bcb-75-1-81.CrossRefPubMed Meyer U, Meyer T, Jones DB: No mechanical role for vinculin in strain transduction in primary bovine osteoblasts. Biochem Cell Biol. 1997, 75: 81-87. 10.1139/bcb-75-1-81.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Smith IO, Baumann MJ, McCabe LR: Electrostatic interactions as a predictor for osteoblast attachment to biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2004, 70: 436-441. 10.1002/jbm.a.30098.CrossRefPubMed Smith IO, Baumann MJ, McCabe LR: Electrostatic interactions as a predictor for osteoblast attachment to biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2004, 70: 436-441. 10.1002/jbm.a.30098.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Cooper JJ, Hunt JA: The Significance of Zeta Potential in Osteogenesis. Society for Biomaterials, editors. Transactions of the 31st Annual Meeting for Biomaterials. Pittsburgh. 2006, 592- Cooper JJ, Hunt JA: The Significance of Zeta Potential in Osteogenesis. Society for Biomaterials, editors. Transactions of the 31st Annual Meeting for Biomaterials. Pittsburgh. 2006, 592-
38.
go back to reference Malvern Industries, Zetasizer 3000: Principles of Operation – PCS Theory. Manual Number MAN 0152. 1996 Malvern Industries, Zetasizer 3000: Principles of Operation – PCS Theory. Manual Number MAN 0152. 1996
39.
go back to reference Orsini G, Ricci J, Scarano A, Pecora G, Petrone G, Iezzi G, Piattelli A: Bone-defect healing with calcium-sulfate particles and cement: an experimental study in rabbit. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2004, 68: 199-208. 10.1002/jbm.b.20012.CrossRefPubMed Orsini G, Ricci J, Scarano A, Pecora G, Petrone G, Iezzi G, Piattelli A: Bone-defect healing with calcium-sulfate particles and cement: an experimental study in rabbit. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2004, 68: 199-208. 10.1002/jbm.b.20012.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Damien CJ, Ricci JL, Christel P, Alexander H, Patat JL: Formation of a calcium phosphate-rich layer on absorbable calcium carbonate bone graft substitutes. Calcif Tissue Int. 1994, 55: 151-158. 10.1007/BF00297191.CrossRefPubMed Damien CJ, Ricci JL, Christel P, Alexander H, Patat JL: Formation of a calcium phosphate-rich layer on absorbable calcium carbonate bone graft substitutes. Calcif Tissue Int. 1994, 55: 151-158. 10.1007/BF00297191.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Tay BK, Patel VV, Bradford DS: Calcium sulphate- and calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes. Mimicry of the mineral phase of bone. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999, 30: 615-623. 10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70114-0.CrossRefPubMed Tay BK, Patel VV, Bradford DS: Calcium sulphate- and calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes. Mimicry of the mineral phase of bone. Orthop Clin North Am. 1999, 30: 615-623. 10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70114-0.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Pecora GE, De Leonardis D, Della Rocca C, Cornelini R, Cortesini C: Short-term healing following the use of calcium sulfate as a grafting material for sinus augmentation: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998, 13: 866-873.PubMed Pecora GE, De Leonardis D, Della Rocca C, Cornelini R, Cortesini C: Short-term healing following the use of calcium sulfate as a grafting material for sinus augmentation: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998, 13: 866-873.PubMed
43.
go back to reference De Leonardis D, Pecora GE: Augmentation of the maxillary sinus with calcium sulfate: one-year clinical report from a prospective longitudinal study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999, 14: 869-878.PubMed De Leonardis D, Pecora GE: Augmentation of the maxillary sinus with calcium sulfate: one-year clinical report from a prospective longitudinal study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1999, 14: 869-878.PubMed
Metadata
Title
A new biphasic osteoinductive calcium composite material with a negative Zeta potential for bone augmentation
Authors
Ralf Smeets
Andreas Kolk
Marcus Gerressen
Oliver Driemel
Oliver Maciejewski
Benita Hermanns-Sachweh
Dieter Riediger
Jamal M. Stein
Publication date
01-12-2009
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Head & Face Medicine / Issue 1/2009
Electronic ISSN: 1746-160X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-160X-5-13

Other articles of this Issue 1/2009

Head & Face Medicine 1/2009 Go to the issue