Top

Diagnostic Pathology

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research

Immunohistochemical detection of S100A1 in the postmortem diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

Authors: Haitao Bi, Ying Yang, Jianye Huang, Yingmin Li, Chunling Ma, Bin Cong

Published in: Diagnostic Pathology | Issue 1/2013

Abstract

Background

Sudden cardiac death resulting from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) constitutes a significant percentage of the caseload for forensic and clinical pathologists. When sudden death occurs at an early stage (<6 h), pathologists experience difficulty in the postmortem diagnosis of AMI. Because of the specific tissue distribution of S100A1 and its relationship with acute ischemic heart disease, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of S100A1 in the postmortem diagnosis of AMI.

Methods

We constructed a rat model of AMI through permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to investigate the depletion of S100A1 from ischemic cardiomyocytes by immunohistochemistry and measuring S100A1 plasma concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at varying post-infarction intervals. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of S100A1 for definite infarction, suspected early infarction, and in normal human hearts, was also performed to test its practical feasibility for postmortem diagnosis of AMI at an early stage.

Results

As early as 15 min after ligation of the LAD, depletion of S100A1 was observed in ischemic cardiomyocytes, and S100A1 plasma concentration was also significantly higher than that of the sham-operated group (P < 0.001). With continuation of the occlusion time, the depleted areas of S100A1 further expanded and S100A1 plasma concentrations further increased. For autopsy material, all human cases of definite myocardial infarction and suspected early infarction showed well-defined areas without S100A1 staining. None of the normal human cases showed diffuse depletion of S100A1.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that immunohistochemical detection of S100A1 is useful for the postmortem diagnosis of AMI at an early stage.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:

http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4366650979519818

Available only for authorised users

Hua W, Zhang LF, Wu YF, Liu XQ, Guo DS, Zhou HL, Gou ZP, Zhao LC, Niu HX, Chen KP, Mai JZ, Chu LN, Zhang S: Incidence of sudden cardiac death in China: analysis of 4 regional populations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009, 54: 1110-1118. 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.016.CrossRefPubMed

de la Grandmaison GL: Is there progress in the autopsy diagnosis of sudden unexpected death in adults?. Forensic Sci Int. 2006, 156: 138-144. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.12.024.CrossRefPubMed

Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD: Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial: Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2012, 33: 2551-2567. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs184.CrossRefPubMed

Campobasso CP, Dell’Erba AS, Addante A, Zotti F, Marzullo A, Colonna MF: Sudden cardiac death and myocardial ischemia indicators: a comparative study of four immunohistochemical markers. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2008, 29: 154-161. 10.1097/PAF.0b013e318177eab7.CrossRefPubMed

Zhu BL, Tanaka S, Ishikawa T, Zhao D, Li DR, Michiue T, Quan L, Maeda H: Forensic pathological investigation of myocardial hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha, erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor in cardiac death. Leg Med. 2008, 10: 11-19. 10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.06.002.CrossRef

Yang TT, Weng SF, Zheng N, Pan QH, Cao HL, Liu L, Zhang HD, Mu da W: Histopathology mapping of biochemical changes in myocardial infarction by Fourier transform infrared spectral imaging. Forensic Sci Int. 2011, 207: e34-39. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.12.005.CrossRefPubMed

Most P, Remppis A, Pleger ST, Katus HA, Koch WJ: S100A1: a novel inotropic regulator of cardiac performance. Transition from molecular physiology to pathophysiological relevance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007, 293: R568-577. 10.1152/ajpregu.00075.2007.CrossRefPubMed

Schaub MC, Heizmann CW: Calcium, troponin, calmodulin, S100 proteins: from myocardial basics to new therapeutic strategies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008, 369: 247-264. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.082.CrossRefPubMed

Remppis A, Greten T, Schäfer BW, Hunziker P, Erne P, Katus HA, Heizmann CW: Altered expression of the Ca(2+)-binding protein S100A1 in human cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996, 1313: 253-257. 10.1016/0167-4889(96)00097-3.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Kato K, Kimura S: S100ao (alpha alpha) protein is mainly located in the heart and striated muscles. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985, 842: 146-150. 10.1016/0304-4165(85)90196-5.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Kiewitz R, Lyons GE, Schäfer BW, Heizmann CW: Transcriptional regulation of S100A1 and expression during mouse heart development. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000, 1498: 207-219. 10.1016/S0167-4889(00)00097-5.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Lefranc F, Decaestecker C, Brotchi J, Heizmann CW, Dewitte O, Kiss R, Mijatovic T: Co-expression/co-location of S100 proteins (S100B, S100A1 and S100A2) and protein kinase C (PKC-beta, -eta and -zeta) in a rat model of cerebral basilar artery vasospasm. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2005, 31: 649-660. 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2005.00682.x.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Most P, Seifert H, Gao E, Funakoshi H, Völkers M, Heierhorst J, Remppis A, Pleger ST, DeGeorge BR, Eckhart AD, Feldman AM, Koch WJ: Cardiac S100A1 protein levels determine contractile performance and propensity towards heart failure after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2006, 114: 1258-1268. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.622415.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Kraus C, Rohde D, Weidenhammer C, Qiu G, Pleger ST, Voelkers M, Boerries M, Remppis A, Katus HA, Most P: S100A1 in cardiovascular health and disease: closing the gap between basic science and clinical therapy. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2009, 47: 445-455. 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.06.003.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

15.

Usui A, Kato K, Sasa H, Minaguchi K, Abe T, Murase M, Tanaka M, Takeuchi E: S-100ao protein in serum during acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem. 1990, 36: 639-641.PubMed

16.

Kiewitz R, Acklin C, Minder E, Huber PR, Schäfer BW, Heizmann CW: S100A1, a new marker for acute myocardial ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000, 274: 865-871. 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3229.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Meng X, Ming M, Wang E: Heart fatty acid binding protein as a marker for postmortem detection of early myocardial damage. Forensic Sci Int. 2006, 160: 11-16. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.08.008.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Lie JT, Holley KE, Kampa WR, Titus JL: New histochemical method for morphologic diagnosis of early stages of myocardial ischemia. Mayo Clin Proc. 1971, 46: 319-327.PubMed

19.

Chugh SS, Reinier K, Teodorescu C, Evanado A, Kehr E, Al Samara M, Mariani R, Gunson K, Jui J: Epidemiology of sudden cardiac death: clinical and research implications. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2008, 51: 213-228. 10.1016/j.pcad.2008.06.003.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

20.

Jia Wei1, Jiarong T, Liming X, Xinshan C, Dao Wen W: A case of Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy without arrhythmias. Diagn Pathol. 2012, 7: 67-10.1186/1746-1596-7-67.CrossRef

21.

Fabio D-G, Vincenzo A: Ostial plication: a rarely reported cause of sudden death. Diagn Pathol. 2010, 5: 15-10.1186/1746-1596-5-15.CrossRef

22.

De-Giorgiol F, Grassil VM, Vetrugnol G, Vincenzo A: Sudden death in a young female with an under-recognised coronary anomaly. Diagn Pathol. 2013, 8: 41-10.1186/1746-1596-8-41.CrossRef

23.

Bello S, Neri M, Riezzo I, Othman M, Turillazzi E, Fineschi V: Cardiac beriberi: morphological findings in two fatal cases. Diagn Pathol. 2011, 6: 8-10.1186/1746-1596-6-8.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

24.

Chopra N, Knollmann BC: Genetics of Sudden Cardiac Death Syndromes. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2011, 26: 196-203. 10.1097/HCO.0b013e3283459893.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

25.

Mair J: Tissue release of cardiac markers: from physiology to clinical applications. Clin Chem Lab Med. 1999, 37: 1077-1084.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Hansen SH, Rossen K: Evaluation of cardiac troponin I immunoreaction in autopsy hearts: a possible marker of early myocardial infarction. Forensic Sci Int. 1999, 99: 189-196. 10.1016/S0379-0738(98)00193-5.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Immunohistochemical detection of S100A1 in the postmortem diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Haitao Bi
Ying Yang
Jianye Huang
Yingmin Li
Chunling Ma
Bin Cong
Publication date: 01-12-2013
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Diagnostic Pathology / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1746-1596
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-8-84

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Immunohistochemical detection of S100A1 in the postmortem diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Virtual slides

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Virtual slides

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

Analysis of HAX-1 gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Concurrent malignant melanoma and cutaneous involvement by classical hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) in a 63 year-old man

Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma presenting in the masseter muscle: a case report

High frequency distribution of heterogeneous vancomycin resistant Enterococcous faecium (VREfm) in Iranian hospitals

Bronchiolitis obliterans associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: histopathological bronchial reconstruction of the whole lung and immunohistochemical study

Insights into the prognostic value of DJ-1 and MIB-1 in astrocytic tumors