Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Trials 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Study protocol

Effects of a manualized short-term treatment of internet and computer game addiction (STICA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Susanne Jäger, Kai W Müller, Christian Ruckes, Tobias Wittig, Anil Batra, Michael Musalek, Karl Mann, Klaus Wölfling, Manfred E Beutel

Published in: Trials | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

In the last few years, excessive internet use and computer gaming have increased dramatically. Salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, conflict, and relapse have been defined as diagnostic criteria for internet addiction (IA) and computer addiction (CA) in the scientific community. Despite a growing number of individuals seeking help, there are no specific treatments of established efficacy.

Methods/design

This clinical trial aims to determine the effect of the disorder-specific manualized short-term treatment of IA/CA (STICA). The cognitive behavioural treatment combines individual and group interventions with a total duration of 4 months. Patients will be randomly assigned to STICA treatment or to a wait list control group. Reliable and valid measures of IA/CA and co-morbid mental symptoms (for example social anxiety, depression) will be assessed prior to the beginning, in the middle, at the end, and 6 months after completion of treatment.

Discussion

A treatment of IA/CA will establish efficacy and is desperately needed. As this is the first trial to determine efficacy of a disorder specific treatment, a wait list control group will be implemented. Pros and cons of the design were discussed.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials (NCT01434589)
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Beutel ME, Brähler E, Glaesmer H, Kuss DJ, Wölfling K, Müller KW: Regular and problematic leisure-time Internet use in the community: results from a German population-based survey. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011, 14: 291-296. 10.1089/cyber.2010.0199.CrossRefPubMed Beutel ME, Brähler E, Glaesmer H, Kuss DJ, Wölfling K, Müller KW: Regular and problematic leisure-time Internet use in the community: results from a German population-based survey. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2011, 14: 291-296. 10.1089/cyber.2010.0199.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Aboujaoude E, Koran L, Gamel N, Large M, Serpe R: Potential markers for problematic internet use: a telephone survey of 2,513 adults. CNS Spectrums. 2006, 11: 750-755.PubMed Aboujaoude E, Koran L, Gamel N, Large M, Serpe R: Potential markers for problematic internet use: a telephone survey of 2,513 adults. CNS Spectrums. 2006, 11: 750-755.PubMed
3.
go back to reference Rumpf H-J, Meyer C, Kreuzer A, John U: Prävalenz der Internetabhängigkeit (PINTA). 2011, Universitäten Greifswald & Lübeck, In Bericht an das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit Rumpf H-J, Meyer C, Kreuzer A, John U: Prävalenz der Internetabhängigkeit (PINTA). 2011, Universitäten Greifswald & Lübeck, In Bericht an das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
4.
go back to reference Wölfling K, Thalemann R, Grüsser-Sinopoli SM: Computerspielsucht: Ein psychopathologischer Symptomkomplex im Jugendalter. Psychiatr Prax. 2008, 35: 226-232. 10.1055/s-2007-986238.CrossRefPubMed Wölfling K, Thalemann R, Grüsser-Sinopoli SM: Computerspielsucht: Ein psychopathologischer Symptomkomplex im Jugendalter. Psychiatr Prax. 2008, 35: 226-232. 10.1055/s-2007-986238.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Batthyany D, Müller KW, Benker F, Wölfling K: Computerspielverhalten: Klinische Merkmale von Abhängigkeit und Missbrauch bei Jugendlichen. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2009, 121: 502-509. 10.1007/s00508-009-1198-3.CrossRefPubMed Batthyany D, Müller KW, Benker F, Wölfling K: Computerspielverhalten: Klinische Merkmale von Abhängigkeit und Missbrauch bei Jugendlichen. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2009, 121: 502-509. 10.1007/s00508-009-1198-3.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Block JJ: Issues for DSM-V: internet addiction. Am J Psychiatry. 2008, 165: 306-307. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07101556.CrossRefPubMed Block JJ: Issues for DSM-V: internet addiction. Am J Psychiatry. 2008, 165: 306-307. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07101556.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Griffiths M: Does Internet and computer “Addiction” exist? Some case study evidence. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2000, 3: 211-218. 10.1089/109493100316067.CrossRef Griffiths M: Does Internet and computer “Addiction” exist? Some case study evidence. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2000, 3: 211-218. 10.1089/109493100316067.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Rehbein F, Kleimann M, Mößle T: Computerspielabhängigkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter - Empirische Befunde zu Ursachen, Diagnostik und Komorbiditäten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung spielimmanenter Abhängigkeitsmerkmale. Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen eV Forschungsbericht Nr 108. 2009 Rehbein F, Kleimann M, Mößle T: Computerspielabhängigkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter - Empirische Befunde zu Ursachen, Diagnostik und Komorbiditäten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung spielimmanenter Abhängigkeitsmerkmale. Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen eV Forschungsbericht Nr 108. 2009
9.
go back to reference Morrison CM, Gore H: The relationship between the excessive Internet use and depression: A questionnaire-based study of 1,319 young people and adults. Psychopathology. 2010, 43: 121-126. 10.1159/000277001.CrossRefPubMed Morrison CM, Gore H: The relationship between the excessive Internet use and depression: A questionnaire-based study of 1,319 young people and adults. Psychopathology. 2010, 43: 121-126. 10.1159/000277001.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Chen SH, Chung WL, Chen CC: Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with Internet addiction: Comparison with substance use. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008, 62: 9-16. 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01770.x.CrossRefPubMed Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Chen SH, Chung WL, Chen CC: Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with Internet addiction: Comparison with substance use. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008, 62: 9-16. 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01770.x.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Thalemann R, Wolfling K, Grusser SM: Specific cue reactivity on computer game-related cues in excessive gamers. Behav Neurosci. 2007, 121: 614-618.CrossRefPubMed Thalemann R, Wolfling K, Grusser SM: Specific cue reactivity on computer game-related cues in excessive gamers. Behav Neurosci. 2007, 121: 614-618.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Hermann MJ, Weijers H-G, Wiesbeck GA, Böning J, Fallgatter AJ: Alcohol cue-reacitivity in heavy and light social drinkers as revealed by event-related potentials. Alcohol. 2001, 36: 588-593. 10.1093/alcalc/36.6.588.CrossRef Hermann MJ, Weijers H-G, Wiesbeck GA, Böning J, Fallgatter AJ: Alcohol cue-reacitivity in heavy and light social drinkers as revealed by event-related potentials. Alcohol. 2001, 36: 588-593. 10.1093/alcalc/36.6.588.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Wölfling K, Flor H, Grüsser SM: Psychophysiological responses to drug-associated stimuli in chronic heavy cannabis use. Eur J Neurosci. 2008, 27: 976-983. 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06051.x.CrossRefPubMed Wölfling K, Flor H, Grüsser SM: Psychophysiological responses to drug-associated stimuli in chronic heavy cannabis use. Eur J Neurosci. 2008, 27: 976-983. 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06051.x.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Wessel T, Müller KW, Wölfling K: Computerspielsucht: Erste Fallzahlen aus der Suchtkrankenhilfe. DHS Jahrbuch Sucht. 2009, Neuland, Geesthacht Wessel T, Müller KW, Wölfling K: Computerspielsucht: Erste Fallzahlen aus der Suchtkrankenhilfe. DHS Jahrbuch Sucht. 2009, Neuland, Geesthacht
15.
go back to reference Beutel ME, Hoch C, Wölfling K, Müller KW: Klinische Merkmale der Computerspiel- und Internetsucht am Beispiel der Inanspruchnehmer einer Spielsuchtambulanz. Z Psychosom Med Psychother. 2011, 57: 77-90.PubMed Beutel ME, Hoch C, Wölfling K, Müller KW: Klinische Merkmale der Computerspiel- und Internetsucht am Beispiel der Inanspruchnehmer einer Spielsuchtambulanz. Z Psychosom Med Psychother. 2011, 57: 77-90.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Ha JH, Yoo HJ, Cho IH, Chin B, Shin D, Kim JH: Psychiatric comorbidity assessed in Korean children and adolescents who screen positive for Internet addiction. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 821-826. 10.4088/JCP.v67n0517.CrossRefPubMed Ha JH, Yoo HJ, Cho IH, Chin B, Shin D, Kim JH: Psychiatric comorbidity assessed in Korean children and adolescents who screen positive for Internet addiction. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 821-826. 10.4088/JCP.v67n0517.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Peukert P, Sieslack S, Barth G, Batra A: Internet- und Computerspielabhängigkeit: Phänomenologie, Komorbiditat, Ätiologie, Diagnostik und therapeutische Implikationen fur Betroffene und Angehörige. Psychiatr Prax. 2010, 37: 219-224. 10.1055/s-0030-1248442.CrossRefPubMed Peukert P, Sieslack S, Barth G, Batra A: Internet- und Computerspielabhängigkeit: Phänomenologie, Komorbiditat, Ätiologie, Diagnostik und therapeutische Implikationen fur Betroffene und Angehörige. Psychiatr Prax. 2010, 37: 219-224. 10.1055/s-0030-1248442.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Wu HY, Yang MJ: The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. J Adolesc Health. 2007, 41: 93-98. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.002.CrossRefPubMed Yen JY, Ko CH, Yen CF, Wu HY, Yang MJ: The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. J Adolesc Health. 2007, 41: 93-98. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.002.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Bernardi S, Pallanti S: Internet addiction: a descriptive clinical study focusing on comorbidities and dissociative symptoms. Compr Psychiatry. 2009, 50: 510-516. 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.11.011.CrossRefPubMed Bernardi S, Pallanti S: Internet addiction: a descriptive clinical study focusing on comorbidities and dissociative symptoms. Compr Psychiatry. 2009, 50: 510-516. 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.11.011.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Kim K, Ryu E, Chon MY, Yeun EJ, Choi SY, Seo JS, Nam BW: Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: a questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006, 43: 185-192. 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.005.CrossRefPubMed Kim K, Ryu E, Chon MY, Yeun EJ, Choi SY, Seo JS, Nam BW: Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: a questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006, 43: 185-192. 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.005.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Yoo HJ, Cho SC, Ha J, Yune SK, Kim SJ, Hwang J, Chung A, Sung YH, Lyoo IK: Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004, 58: 487-494. 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01290.x.CrossRefPubMed Yoo HJ, Cho SC, Ha J, Yune SK, Kim SJ, Hwang J, Chung A, Sung YH, Lyoo IK: Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004, 58: 487-494. 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01290.x.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Tang TC, Ko CH: The association between adult ADHD symptoms and internet addiction among college students: the gender difference. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009, 12: 187-191. 10.1089/cpb.2008.0113.CrossRefPubMed Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Tang TC, Ko CH: The association between adult ADHD symptoms and internet addiction among college students: the gender difference. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009, 12: 187-191. 10.1089/cpb.2008.0113.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Cao F, Su L, Liu T, Gao X: The relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Eur Psychiatry. 2007, 22: 466-471. 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.05.004.CrossRefPubMed Cao F, Su L, Liu T, Gao X: The relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Eur Psychiatry. 2007, 22: 466-471. 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.05.004.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Du YS, Jiang W, Vance A: Longer term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioural therapy for Internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010, 44: 129-134. 10.3109/00048670903282725.CrossRefPubMed Du YS, Jiang W, Vance A: Longer term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioural therapy for Internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010, 44: 129-134. 10.3109/00048670903282725.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Young KS: Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007, 10: 671-679. 10.1089/cpb.2007.9971.CrossRefPubMed Young KS: Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007, 10: 671-679. 10.1089/cpb.2007.9971.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Wölfling K, Jo C, Bengesser I, Beutel ME, Müller KW: Computerspiel- und Internetsucht. Ein kognitiv behaviorales Behandlungsmanual. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, in prep Wölfling K, Jo C, Bengesser I, Beutel ME, Müller KW: Computerspiel- und Internetsucht. Ein kognitiv behaviorales Behandlungsmanual. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, in prep
27.
go back to reference King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD, Gradisar M: Assessing clinical trials of Internet addiction treatment: A systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011, 31: 1110-1116. 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.06.009.CrossRefPubMed King DL, Delfabbro PH, Griffiths MD, Gradisar M: Assessing clinical trials of Internet addiction treatment: A systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011, 31: 1110-1116. 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.06.009.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Saß H: Wittchen H-U, Zaudig M, Houben I: Diagnostische Kriterien DSM-IV. 1998, Hogrefe, Göttingen Saß H: Wittchen H-U, Zaudig M, Houben I: Diagnostische Kriterien DSM-IV. 1998, Hogrefe, Göttingen
29.
go back to reference Hautzinger M, Keller F, Kühner C: Beck Depressions Inventar: Revision (BDI-II). 2006, Harcourt Test Services, Frankfurt a.M. Hautzinger M, Keller F, Kühner C: Beck Depressions Inventar: Revision (BDI-II). 2006, Harcourt Test Services, Frankfurt a.M.
30.
go back to reference Wölfling K, Müller KW, Beutel M: Reliabilität und Validität der Skala zum Computerspielverhalten (CSV-S). Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2011, 61: 216-224. 10.1055/s-0030-1263145.CrossRefPubMed Wölfling K, Müller KW, Beutel M: Reliabilität und Validität der Skala zum Computerspielverhalten (CSV-S). Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2011, 61: 216-224. 10.1055/s-0030-1263145.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Wölfling K, Müller KW: Pathologisches Glücksspiel und Computerspielabhängigkeit. Wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisstand zu zwei Varianten substanzungebundener Abhängigkeitserkrankungen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2010, 53: 306-312.CrossRef Wölfling K, Müller KW: Pathologisches Glücksspiel und Computerspielabhängigkeit. Wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisstand zu zwei Varianten substanzungebundener Abhängigkeitserkrankungen. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2010, 53: 306-312.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Wittchen H-U, Zaudig M, Fydrich T: Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM-IV. 1997, Hogrefe, Göttingen Wittchen H-U, Zaudig M, Fydrich T: Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM-IV. 1997, Hogrefe, Göttingen
33.
go back to reference Franke GH: Symptom-Checkliste von L.R. Derogatis (SCL-90-R) - deutsche Version. 2002, Beltz Test, Göttingen, 2 Franke GH: Symptom-Checkliste von L.R. Derogatis (SCL-90-R) - deutsche Version. 2002, Beltz Test, Göttingen, 2
34.
go back to reference Löwe B, Spitzer RL, Zipfel S, Herzog W: PHQ-D: Gesundheitsfragebogen für Patienten - Kurzanleitung zur Komplettversion und Kurzform. 2002, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg Löwe B, Spitzer RL, Zipfel S, Herzog W: PHQ-D: Gesundheitsfragebogen für Patienten - Kurzanleitung zur Komplettversion und Kurzform. 2002, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg
35.
go back to reference Michal M, Zwerenz R, Tschan R, Edinger J, Lichy M, Knebel A, Tuin I, Beutel M: Screening nach Depersonalisation-Derealisation mittels zweier Items der Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale. Psychother Psych Med. 2010, 60: 175-179. 10.1055/s-0029-1224098.CrossRef Michal M, Zwerenz R, Tschan R, Edinger J, Lichy M, Knebel A, Tuin I, Beutel M: Screening nach Depersonalisation-Derealisation mittels zweier Items der Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale. Psychother Psych Med. 2010, 60: 175-179. 10.1055/s-0029-1224098.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Stangier U, Heidenreich T: Die Liebowitz Soziale Angst -Skala (LSAS). Skalen für Psychiatrie. 2004, Beltz Test, Göttingen Stangier U, Heidenreich T: Die Liebowitz Soziale Angst -Skala (LSAS). Skalen für Psychiatrie. 2004, Beltz Test, Göttingen
37.
go back to reference Borkenau P, Ostendorf F: NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventar nach Costa und McCrae (NEO-FFI). 2008, Hogrefe, Göttingen, 2 Borkenau P, Ostendorf F: NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventar nach Costa und McCrae (NEO-FFI). 2008, Hogrefe, Göttingen, 2
38.
go back to reference Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Blocher D, Weijers H-G, Trott G-E, Wender PH, Rössler M: Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-k): Die deutsche Kurzform zur retrospektiven Erfassung des hyperkinetischen Syndroms bei Erwachsenen. Der Nervenarzt. 2002, 73: 830-838. 10.1007/s00115-001-1215-x.CrossRefPubMed Retz-Junginger P, Retz W, Blocher D, Weijers H-G, Trott G-E, Wender PH, Rössler M: Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-k): Die deutsche Kurzform zur retrospektiven Erfassung des hyperkinetischen Syndroms bei Erwachsenen. Der Nervenarzt. 2002, 73: 830-838. 10.1007/s00115-001-1215-x.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M: Skalen zur Erfassung von Lehrer- und Schülermerkmalen. 1999, Freie Universität Berlin, Dokumentation der psychometrischen Verfahren im rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Modellversuchs Selbstwirksame Schulen. Berlin Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M: Skalen zur Erfassung von Lehrer- und Schülermerkmalen. 1999, Freie Universität Berlin, Dokumentation der psychometrischen Verfahren im rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung des Modellversuchs Selbstwirksame Schulen. Berlin
40.
go back to reference Schwarzer R, Mueller J, Greenglass E: Assessment of perceived general self-efficacy on the internet: Data collection in cyberspace. Anxiety Stress Coping. 1999, 12: 145-161. 10.1080/10615809908248327.CrossRef Schwarzer R, Mueller J, Greenglass E: Assessment of perceived general self-efficacy on the internet: Data collection in cyberspace. Anxiety Stress Coping. 1999, 12: 145-161. 10.1080/10615809908248327.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Krohne HW, Egloff B, Kohlmann C-W, Tausch A: Untersuchung mit einer deutschen Form der Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Diagnostica. 1996, 42: 139-156. Krohne HW, Egloff B, Kohlmann C-W, Tausch A: Untersuchung mit einer deutschen Form der Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Diagnostica. 1996, 42: 139-156.
42.
go back to reference Schäfer I, Spitzer C: Deutsche Version des “Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE)”. 2009, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg Schäfer I, Spitzer C: Deutsche Version des “Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE)”. 2009, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg
43.
go back to reference Cole S: Assessment of differential item functioning in the Perceived Stress Scale-10. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999, 53: 319-320. 10.1136/jech.53.5.319.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cole S: Assessment of differential item functioning in the Perceived Stress Scale-10. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1999, 53: 319-320. 10.1136/jech.53.5.319.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
go back to reference Heinrich G, Herschbach P: Questions of Life Satisfaction (FLZM) - A short questionnaire for assessing subjective quality of life. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2000, 16: 150-159. 10.1027//1015-5759.16.3.150.CrossRef Heinrich G, Herschbach P: Questions of Life Satisfaction (FLZM) - A short questionnaire for assessing subjective quality of life. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2000, 16: 150-159. 10.1027//1015-5759.16.3.150.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Brickenkamp R: Test d2 - Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test. 2002, Hogrefe, Göttingen, 9 Brickenkamp R: Test d2 - Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test. 2002, Hogrefe, Göttingen, 9
46.
go back to reference Mackenzie RK, Tschuschke V: Relatedness, group work, and outcome in long-term inpatient psychotherapy groups. J Psychotherpay Pract Res. 1993, 2: 147-156. Mackenzie RK, Tschuschke V: Relatedness, group work, and outcome in long-term inpatient psychotherapy groups. J Psychotherpay Pract Res. 1993, 2: 147-156.
47.
go back to reference Bassler M, Potratz B, Krauthauser H: Der “Helping Alliance Questionnaire” (HAQ) von Luborsky. Psychotherapeut. 1995, 40: 23-32. Bassler M, Potratz B, Krauthauser H: Der “Helping Alliance Questionnaire” (HAQ) von Luborsky. Psychotherapeut. 1995, 40: 23-32.
48.
go back to reference Dilling H: Taschenführer zur ICD-10-Klassifikation psychischer Störungen. 2010, Huber, Bern Dilling H: Taschenführer zur ICD-10-Klassifikation psychischer Störungen. 2010, Huber, Bern
Metadata
Title
Effects of a manualized short-term treatment of internet and computer game addiction (STICA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors
Susanne Jäger
Kai W Müller
Christian Ruckes
Tobias Wittig
Anil Batra
Michael Musalek
Karl Mann
Klaus Wölfling
Manfred E Beutel
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Trials / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1745-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-13-43

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

Trials 1/2012 Go to the issue