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Open Access 01-12-2006 | Review

Influence of methylphenidate on brain development – an update of recent animal experiments

Authors: Thorsten Grund, Konrad Lehmann, Nathalie Bock, Aribert Rothenberger, Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt

Published in: Behavioral and Brain Functions | Issue 1/2006

Abstract

Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly used drug to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children effectively and safely. In spite of its widespread application throughout one of the most plastic and sensitive phases of brain development, very little is known to date about its long-term effects on brain structure and function. Hence, this short review updates the influence of MPH on brain development, since recent human and animal studies suggest that MPH alters the dopaminergic system with long-term effects beyond the termination of treatment.

Animal studies imply that the effects of MPH may depend on the neural responder system: Whereas structural and functional parameters are improved by MPH in animals with psychomotor impairments, they remain unaltered or get worse in healthy controls. While recent behavioural studies do not fully support such a differential effect of MPH in ADHD, the animal studies certainly prompt for further investigation of this issue. Furthermore, the abuse of MPH, when (rarely) intravenously applied, may even impair the maturation of dopaminergic fibres in subcortical brain areas. This argues for careful clinical assessment and diagnostics of ADHD symptomatology not only in conjunction with the prescription of MPH. Hence, one should be assured that MPH is only given to children with clear ADHD symptomatology leading to psychosocial impairment. The animal data suggest that under these conditions MPH is supportive for brain development and the related behaviour in children with ADHD.

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Title: Influence of methylphenidate on brain development – an update of recent animal experiments
Authors: Thorsten Grund
Konrad Lehmann
Nathalie Bock
Aribert Rothenberger
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt
Publication date: 01-12-2006
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Behavioral and Brain Functions / Issue 1/2006
Electronic ISSN: 1744-9081
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-2

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Influence of methylphenidate on brain development – an update of recent animal experiments

Abstract

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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Other articles of this Issue 1/2006

Exploration of auditory P50 gating in schizophrenia by way of difference waves

The effects of sex and hormonal status on restraint-stress-induced working memory impairment

The μ-opioid receptor gene and smoking initiation and nicotine dependence

Parietal function in good and poor readers

Long-term effects of a single adult methamphetamine challenge: Minor impact on dopamine fibre density in limbic brain areas of gerbils

Nonassociative learning as gated neural integrator and differentiator in stimulus-response pathways