Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Medicine 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Commentary

How can we improve the interpretation of systematic reviews?

Authors: Andrea C Tricco, Sharon E Straus, David Moher

Published in: BMC Medicine | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

A study conducted by Lai and colleagues, published this week in BMC Medicine, suggests that more guidance might be required for interpreting systematic review (SR) results. In the study by Lai and colleagues, positive (or favorable) results were influential in changing participants' prior beliefs about the interventions presented in the systematic review. Other studies have examined the relationship between favorable systematic review results and the publication of systematic reviews. An international registry may decrease the number of unpublished systematic reviews and will hopefully decrease redundancy, increase transparency, and increase collaboration within the SR community. In addition, using guidance from the Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA: http://​www.​prisma-statement.​org/​) Statement and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE: http://​www.​gradeworkinggrou​p.​org/​) approach can also be used to improve the interpretation of systematic reviews. In this commentary, we highlight important methodological issues related to the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and also present our own guidance on interpreting systematic reviews.
Literature
1.
2.
go back to reference Tricco AC, Tetzlaff J, Pham B, Brehaut J, Moher D: Non-Cochrane vs. Cochrane reviews were twice as likely to have positive conclusion statements: cross-sectional study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 380-386. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.08.008.CrossRefPubMed Tricco AC, Tetzlaff J, Pham B, Brehaut J, Moher D: Non-Cochrane vs. Cochrane reviews were twice as likely to have positive conclusion statements: cross-sectional study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 380-386. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.08.008.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Dickersin K: How important is publication bias? A synthesis of available data. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997, 9: 15-21.PubMed Dickersin K: How important is publication bias? A synthesis of available data. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997, 9: 15-21.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Begg CB, Berlin JA: Publication bias and dissemination of clinical research. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989, 81: 107-115. 10.1093/jnci/81.2.107.CrossRefPubMed Begg CB, Berlin JA: Publication bias and dissemination of clinical research. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989, 81: 107-115. 10.1093/jnci/81.2.107.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Easterbrook PJ, Berlin JA, Gopalan R, Matthews DR: Publication bias in clinical research. Lancet. 1991, 337: 867-872. 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90201-Y.CrossRefPubMed Easterbrook PJ, Berlin JA, Gopalan R, Matthews DR: Publication bias in clinical research. Lancet. 1991, 337: 867-872. 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90201-Y.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Dickersin K: The existence of publication bias and risk factors for its occurrence. JAMA. 1990, 263: 1385-1389. 10.1001/jama.263.10.1385.CrossRefPubMed Dickersin K: The existence of publication bias and risk factors for its occurrence. JAMA. 1990, 263: 1385-1389. 10.1001/jama.263.10.1385.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Dickersin K, Chan S, Chalmers TC, Sacks HS, Smith H: Publication bias and clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1987, 8: 343-353. 10.1016/0197-2456(87)90155-3.CrossRefPubMed Dickersin K, Chan S, Chalmers TC, Sacks HS, Smith H: Publication bias and clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1987, 8: 343-353. 10.1016/0197-2456(87)90155-3.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Ioannidis JP: Effect of the statistical significance of results on the time to completion and publication of randomized efficacy trials. JAMA. 1998, 279: 281-286. 10.1001/jama.279.4.281.CrossRefPubMed Ioannidis JP: Effect of the statistical significance of results on the time to completion and publication of randomized efficacy trials. JAMA. 1998, 279: 281-286. 10.1001/jama.279.4.281.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Song F, Parekh S, Hooper L, Loke YK, Ryder J, Sutton AJ, Hing C, Kwok CS, Pang C, Harvey I: Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases. Health Technol Assess. 2010, 14: 1-193. iii, ix-xiCrossRef Song F, Parekh S, Hooper L, Loke YK, Ryder J, Sutton AJ, Hing C, Kwok CS, Pang C, Harvey I: Dissemination and publication of research findings: an updated review of related biases. Health Technol Assess. 2010, 14: 1-193. iii, ix-xiCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Jefferson T, Doshi P, Thompson M, Heneghan C: Ensuring safe and effective drugs: who can do what it takes?. BMJ. 2011, 342: c7258-10.1136/bmj.c7258.CrossRefPubMed Jefferson T, Doshi P, Thompson M, Heneghan C: Ensuring safe and effective drugs: who can do what it takes?. BMJ. 2011, 342: c7258-10.1136/bmj.c7258.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference van Driel ML, De Sutter A, De Maeseneer J, Christiaens T: Searching for unpublished trials in Cochrane reviews may not be worth the effort. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 838-844. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.010.CrossRefPubMed van Driel ML, De Sutter A, De Maeseneer J, Christiaens T: Searching for unpublished trials in Cochrane reviews may not be worth the effort. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 838-844. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.010.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Chan AW, Laupacis A, Moher D: Registering results from clinical trials. JAMA. 2010, 303: 2138-2139. 10.1001/jama.2010.702. author reply 2139CrossRefPubMed Chan AW, Laupacis A, Moher D: Registering results from clinical trials. JAMA. 2010, 303: 2138-2139. 10.1001/jama.2010.702. author reply 2139CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Miller JD: Registering clinical trial results: the next step. JAMA. 2010, 303: 773-774. 10.1001/jama.2010.207.CrossRefPubMed Miller JD: Registering clinical trial results: the next step. JAMA. 2010, 303: 773-774. 10.1001/jama.2010.207.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Tricco AC, Pham B, Brehaut J, Tetroe J, Cappelli M, Hopewell S, Lavis JN, Berlin JA, Moher D: An international survey indicated that unpublished systematic reviews exist. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 617-623. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.014.CrossRefPubMed Tricco AC, Pham B, Brehaut J, Tetroe J, Cappelli M, Hopewell S, Lavis JN, Berlin JA, Moher D: An international survey indicated that unpublished systematic reviews exist. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 617-623. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.014.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Tricco AC, Moher D, Chen MH, Daniel R: Factors predicting completion and time to publication of Cochrane reviews. Open Medicine. 2009, 3: E210-214.PubMedPubMedCentral Tricco AC, Moher D, Chen MH, Daniel R: Factors predicting completion and time to publication of Cochrane reviews. Open Medicine. 2009, 3: E210-214.PubMedPubMedCentral
16.
go back to reference Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, Clarke M, Devereaux PJ, Kleijnen J, Moher D: The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009, 339: b2700-10.1136/bmj.b2700.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, Clarke M, Devereaux PJ, Kleijnen J, Moher D: The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2009, 339: b2700-10.1136/bmj.b2700.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Booth A, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Moher D, Petticrew M, Stewart L: An international registry of systematic-review protocols. Lancet. 2011, 377: 108-109. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60903-8.CrossRefPubMed Booth A, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Moher D, Petticrew M, Stewart L: An international registry of systematic-review protocols. Lancet. 2011, 377: 108-109. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60903-8.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Lavis JN: Research, public policymaking, and knowledge-translation processes: Canadian efforts to build bridges. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006, 26: 37-45. 10.1002/chp.49.CrossRefPubMed Lavis JN: Research, public policymaking, and knowledge-translation processes: Canadian efforts to build bridges. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006, 26: 37-45. 10.1002/chp.49.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Ciliska D, Hayward S, Dobbins M, Brunton G, Underwood J: Transferring public-health nursing research to health-system planning: assessing the relevance and accessibility of systematic reviews. Can J Nurs Res. 1999, 31: 23-36.PubMed Ciliska D, Hayward S, Dobbins M, Brunton G, Underwood J: Transferring public-health nursing research to health-system planning: assessing the relevance and accessibility of systematic reviews. Can J Nurs Res. 1999, 31: 23-36.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Svaninger G, Nordgren S, Palselius IR, Fasth S, Hulten L: Sodium and potassium excretion in patients with ileostomies. Eur J Surg. 1991, 157: 601-605.PubMed Svaninger G, Nordgren S, Palselius IR, Fasth S, Hulten L: Sodium and potassium excretion in patients with ileostomies. Eur J Surg. 1991, 157: 601-605.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Keown K, Van Eerd D, Irvin E: Stakeholder engagement opportunities in systematic reviews: knowledge transfer for policy and practice. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2008, 28: 67-72. 10.1002/chp.159.CrossRefPubMed Keown K, Van Eerd D, Irvin E: Stakeholder engagement opportunities in systematic reviews: knowledge transfer for policy and practice. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2008, 28: 67-72. 10.1002/chp.159.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Shea BJ, Hamel C, Wells GA, Bouter LM, Kristjansson E, Grimshaw J, Henry DA, Boers M: AMSTAR is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 1013-1020. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.10.009.CrossRefPubMed Shea BJ, Hamel C, Wells GA, Bouter LM, Kristjansson E, Grimshaw J, Henry DA, Boers M: AMSTAR is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 1013-1020. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.10.009.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Shea BJ, Bouter LM, Peterson J, Boers M, Andersson N, Ortiz Z, Ramsay T, Bai A, Shukla VK, Grimshaw JM: External validation of a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR). PLoS One. 2007, 2: e1350-10.1371/journal.pone.0001350.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shea BJ, Bouter LM, Peterson J, Boers M, Andersson N, Ortiz Z, Ramsay T, Bai A, Shukla VK, Grimshaw JM: External validation of a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR). PLoS One. 2007, 2: e1350-10.1371/journal.pone.0001350.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, Boers M, Andersson N, Hamel C, Porter AC, Tugwell P, Moher D, Bouter LM: Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007, 7: 10-10.1186/1471-2288-7-10.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, Boers M, Andersson N, Hamel C, Porter AC, Tugwell P, Moher D, Bouter LM: Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007, 7: 10-10.1186/1471-2288-7-10.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Vist GE, Liberati A, Schunemann HJ: Going from evidence to recommendations. BMJ. 2008, 336: 1049-1051. 10.1136/bmj.39493.646875.AE.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Vist GE, Liberati A, Schunemann HJ: Going from evidence to recommendations. BMJ. 2008, 336: 1049-1051. 10.1136/bmj.39493.646875.AE.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, Schunemann HJ: GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008, 336: 924-926. 10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, Schunemann HJ: GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008, 336: 924-926. 10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
28.
go back to reference Ansari MT, Tsertsvadze A, Moher D: Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations: a perspective. PLoS Med. 2009, 6: e1000151-10.1371/journal.pmed.1000151.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ansari MT, Tsertsvadze A, Moher D: Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations: a perspective. PLoS Med. 2009, 6: e1000151-10.1371/journal.pmed.1000151.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
go back to reference DerSimonian R, Laird N: Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986, 7: 177-188. 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2.CrossRefPubMed DerSimonian R, Laird N: Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986, 7: 177-188. 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference van Houwelingen HC, Arends LR, Stijnen T: Advanced methods in meta-analysis: multivariate approach and meta-regression. Stat Med. 2002, 21: 589-624. 10.1002/sim.1040.CrossRefPubMed van Houwelingen HC, Arends LR, Stijnen T: Advanced methods in meta-analysis: multivariate approach and meta-regression. Stat Med. 2002, 21: 589-624. 10.1002/sim.1040.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Berkey CS, Hoaglin DC, Mosteller F, Colditz GA: A random-effects regression model for meta-analysis. Stat Med. 1995, 14: 395-411. 10.1002/sim.4780140406.CrossRefPubMed Berkey CS, Hoaglin DC, Mosteller F, Colditz GA: A random-effects regression model for meta-analysis. Stat Med. 1995, 14: 395-411. 10.1002/sim.4780140406.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Berry SM, Ishak KJ, Luce BR, Berry DA: Bayesian meta-analyses for comparative effectiveness and informing coverage decisions. Med Care. 2010, 48: S137-144. 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181e24563.CrossRefPubMed Berry SM, Ishak KJ, Luce BR, Berry DA: Bayesian meta-analyses for comparative effectiveness and informing coverage decisions. Med Care. 2010, 48: S137-144. 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181e24563.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Carlin JB: Meta-analysis for 2 × 2 tables: a Bayesian approach. Stat Med. 1992, 11: 141-158. 10.1002/sim.4780110202.CrossRefPubMed Carlin JB: Meta-analysis for 2 × 2 tables: a Bayesian approach. Stat Med. 1992, 11: 141-158. 10.1002/sim.4780110202.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
How can we improve the interpretation of systematic reviews?
Authors
Andrea C Tricco
Sharon E Straus
David Moher
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Medicine / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1741-7015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-9-31

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

BMC Medicine 1/2011 Go to the issue