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Open Access 01-12-2013 | Debate

Depression as a non-causal variable risk marker in coronary heart disease

Authors: Anna Meijer, Marij Zuidersma, Peter de Jonge

Published in: BMC Medicine | Issue 1/2013

Abstract

Background

After decades of investigations, explanations for the prospective association between depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) are still incomplete.

Discussion

Depression is often suggested to be causally related to CHD. Based on the available literature, we would rather argue that depression can best be regarded as a variable risk marker, that is, a variable that fluctuates together with mechanisms leading to poor cardiovascular fitness. Despite numerous efforts, no evidence is found that manipulation of depression alters cardiovascular outcomes - a key premise for determining causality. To explain the concept of a variable risk marker, we discuss several studies on the heterogeneity of depression suggesting that depression is particularly harmful for the course of cardiovascular disease when it appears to be a physiological consequence of the cardiovascular disease itself.

Summary

We conclude that instead of depression being a causal risk factor for CHD, the association between depression and CHD is likely confounded, at least by the cardiac disease itself.

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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/130/prepub

Title: Depression as a non-causal variable risk marker in coronary heart disease
Authors: Anna Meijer
Marij Zuidersma
Peter de Jonge
Publication date: 01-12-2013
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Medicine / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1741-7015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-130

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Depression as a non-causal variable risk marker in coronary heart disease

Abstract

Background

Discussion

Summary

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Discussion

Summary

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