Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 1/2007

Open Access 01-12-2007 | Research article

The effect of phosphatidylserine on golf performance

Authors: Ralf Jäger, Martin Purpura, Kurt-Reiner Geiss, Michael Weiß, Jochen Baumeister, Francesco Amatulli, Lars Schröder, Holger Herwegen

Published in: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition | Issue 1/2007

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the effect of oral phosphatidylserine (PS) supplementation on golf performance in healthy young golfers with handicaps of 15–40.

Methods

Perceived stress, heart rate and the quality of the ball flight was evaluated before (pre-test) and after (post-test) 42 days of 200 mg per day PS (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) intake in the form of a nutritional bar. Subjects teed-off 20 times aiming at a green 135 meters from the tee area.

Results

PS supplementation significantly increased (p < 0.05) the number of good ball flights (mean: pre-test 8.3 ± 3.5, post-test 10.1 ± 3.0), whereas placebo intake (mean: pre-test 7.8 ± 2.4, post-test 7.9 ± 3.6) had no effect. PS supplementation showed a trend towards improving perceived stress levels during teeing-off (mean: pre-test 5.8 ± 2.0, post-test 4.0 ± 2.0, p = 0.07), whereas stress levels remained unchanged in the placebo group (mean: pre-test: 5.1 ± 2.0, post-test: 5.1 ± 3.1). Supplementation did not influence mean heart rate in either group.

Conclusion

It is concluded that six weeks of PS supplementation shows a statistically not significant tendency (p = 0.07) to improve perceived stress levels in golfers and significantly improves (p < 0.05) the number of good ball flights during tee-off which might result in improved golf scores.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Jorissen BL, Brouns F, van Boxtel MP, Riedel WJ: Safety of soy-derived phosphatidylserine in elderly people. Nutr Neurosci. 2002, 5: 337-343. 10.1080/1028415021000033802.CrossRefPubMed Jorissen BL, Brouns F, van Boxtel MP, Riedel WJ: Safety of soy-derived phosphatidylserine in elderly people. Nutr Neurosci. 2002, 5: 337-343. 10.1080/1028415021000033802.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Monteleone P, Beinat L, Tanzillo C, Maj M, Kemali D: Effects of Phosphatidylserine on the Neuroendocrine Response to Physical Stress in Humans. Neuroendocrinology. 1990, 52 (3): 243-248. 10.1159/000125593.CrossRefPubMed Monteleone P, Beinat L, Tanzillo C, Maj M, Kemali D: Effects of Phosphatidylserine on the Neuroendocrine Response to Physical Stress in Humans. Neuroendocrinology. 1990, 52 (3): 243-248. 10.1159/000125593.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Monteleone P, Maj M, Beinat L, Natale M, Kemali D: Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992, 42 (4): 385-388.PubMed Monteleone P, Maj M, Beinat L, Natale M, Kemali D: Blunting by chronic phosphatidylserine administration of the stress-induced activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in healthy men. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992, 42 (4): 385-388.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Fernholz KM, Seifert JG, Bacharach DW, Burke ER, Gazal O: The Effects of Phosphatidyl Serine on Markers of Muscular Stress in Endurance Runners [abstract]. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000, 32 (5): S321- Fernholz KM, Seifert JG, Bacharach DW, Burke ER, Gazal O: The Effects of Phosphatidyl Serine on Markers of Muscular Stress in Endurance Runners [abstract]. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000, 32 (5): S321-
5.
go back to reference Fahey TD, Pearl MS: The Hormonal and Perceptive Effects of Phosphatidylserine Administration During Two Weeks of Weight Training-Induced Over-Training. Biol Sport. 1998, 15 (2): 135-144. Fahey TD, Pearl MS: The Hormonal and Perceptive Effects of Phosphatidylserine Administration During Two Weeks of Weight Training-Induced Over-Training. Biol Sport. 1998, 15 (2): 135-144.
6.
go back to reference Harbuz MS, Lightman SL: Stress and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: acute, chronic and immunological activation. J Endocrinol. 1992, 134: 327-339.CrossRefPubMed Harbuz MS, Lightman SL: Stress and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis: acute, chronic and immunological activation. J Endocrinol. 1992, 134: 327-339.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Benton D, Donohoe RT, Sillance B, Nabb S: The Influence of Phosphatidylserine Supplementation on Mood and Heart Rate when Faced with an Acute Stressor. Nutr Neurosci. 2001, 4 (3): 169-178.PubMed Benton D, Donohoe RT, Sillance B, Nabb S: The Influence of Phosphatidylserine Supplementation on Mood and Heart Rate when Faced with an Acute Stressor. Nutr Neurosci. 2001, 4 (3): 169-178.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Hellhammer J, Fries E, Buss C, Engert V, Tuch A, Rutenberg D, Hellhammer D: Effects of soy lecithin phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine complex (PAS) on the endocrine and psychological responses to mental stress. Stress. 2004, 7 (2): 119-126.CrossRefPubMed Hellhammer J, Fries E, Buss C, Engert V, Tuch A, Rutenberg D, Hellhammer D: Effects of soy lecithin phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine complex (PAS) on the endocrine and psychological responses to mental stress. Stress. 2004, 7 (2): 119-126.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Kingsley M, Kilduff LP, McEneny J, Dietzig RE, Benton D: Phosphatidylserine supplementation and recovery following downhill running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006, 38 (9): 1617-1625. 10.1249/01.mss.0000229459.11452.a0.CrossRefPubMed Kingsley M, Kilduff LP, McEneny J, Dietzig RE, Benton D: Phosphatidylserine supplementation and recovery following downhill running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006, 38 (9): 1617-1625. 10.1249/01.mss.0000229459.11452.a0.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference McKay JM, Selig SE, Carlson JS, Morris T: Psychophysiological stress in elite golfers during practice and competition. Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1997, 29 (2): 55-61.PubMed McKay JM, Selig SE, Carlson JS, Morris T: Psychophysiological stress in elite golfers during practice and competition. Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1997, 29 (2): 55-61.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Doan BK, Newton RU, Kraemer WJ, Kwon YH, Sheet TP: Salivary cortisol, testosterone, and T/C ratio responses during a 36-hole golf competition. Int J Sports Med. 2007, 28 (6): 470-479. 10.1055/s-2006-924557.CrossRefPubMed Doan BK, Newton RU, Kraemer WJ, Kwon YH, Sheet TP: Salivary cortisol, testosterone, and T/C ratio responses during a 36-hole golf competition. Int J Sports Med. 2007, 28 (6): 470-479. 10.1055/s-2006-924557.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Pensgaard AM, H Ursin H: Stress, control, and coping in elite athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998, 8 (3): 183-189.CrossRefPubMed Pensgaard AM, H Ursin H: Stress, control, and coping in elite athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998, 8 (3): 183-189.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Ritvanen T, Louhevaara V, Helin P, Halonen T, Hänninen O: Effect of Aerobic Fitness on the Physiological Stress Responses at Work. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2007, 20 (1): 1-8. 10.2478/v10001-007-0005-5.CrossRefPubMed Ritvanen T, Louhevaara V, Helin P, Halonen T, Hänninen O: Effect of Aerobic Fitness on the Physiological Stress Responses at Work. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2007, 20 (1): 1-8. 10.2478/v10001-007-0005-5.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Vitek L, Rosenzweig MQ, Stollings S: Distress in patients with cancer: definition, assessment, and suggested interventions. Oncol Nurs. 2007, 11 (3): 413-8. 10.1188/07.CJON.413-418.CrossRef Vitek L, Rosenzweig MQ, Stollings S: Distress in patients with cancer: definition, assessment, and suggested interventions. Oncol Nurs. 2007, 11 (3): 413-8. 10.1188/07.CJON.413-418.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Professional Golfers Association of Germany: PGA Teaching Manual. 2001, Augsburg Professional Golfers Association of Germany: PGA Teaching Manual. 2001, Augsburg
17.
go back to reference Letzelter M, Letzelter H: Golftechniken: wieso, weshalb, warum?. 2002, Münster Letzelter M, Letzelter H: Golftechniken: wieso, weshalb, warum?. 2002, Münster
18.
go back to reference Jones JG, Hardy L: Stress and cognitive functioning in sport. J Sport Sci. 1989, 7 (1): 41-63.CrossRef Jones JG, Hardy L: Stress and cognitive functioning in sport. J Sport Sci. 1989, 7 (1): 41-63.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Baumeister RF, Showers CJ: A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests. Eur J Soc Psychol. 1986, 16 (4): 361-383. 10.1002/ejsp.2420160405.CrossRef Baumeister RF, Showers CJ: A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests. Eur J Soc Psychol. 1986, 16 (4): 361-383. 10.1002/ejsp.2420160405.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
The effect of phosphatidylserine on golf performance
Authors
Ralf Jäger
Martin Purpura
Kurt-Reiner Geiss
Michael Weiß
Jochen Baumeister
Francesco Amatulli
Lars Schröder
Holger Herwegen
Publication date
01-12-2007
Publisher
BioMed Central
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-4-23

Other articles of this Issue 1/2007

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 1/2007 Go to the issue