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Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
Published in: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Research

PreImplantation Factor (PIF) correlates with early mammalian embryo development-bovine and murine models

Authors: Christopher W Stamatkin, Roumen G Roussev, Mike Stout, Victor Absalon-Medina, Sivakumar Ramu, Chelsi Goodman, Carolyn B Coulam, Robert O Gilbert, Robert A Godke, Eytan R Barnea

Published in: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Issue 1/2011

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Abstract

Background

PreImplantation Factor (PIF), a novel peptide secreted by viable embryos is essential for pregnancy: PIF modulates local immunity, promotes decidual pro-adhesion molecules and enhances trophoblast invasion. To determine the role of PIF in post-fertilization embryo development, we measured the peptide's concentration in the culture medium and tested endogenous PIF's potential trophic effects and direct interaction with the embryo.

Methods

Determine PIF levels in culture medium of multiple mouse and single bovine embryos cultured up to the blastocyst stage using PIF-ELISA. Examine the inhibitory effects of anti-PIF-monoclonal antibody (mAb) added to medium on cultured mouse embryos development. Test FITC-PIF uptake by cultured bovine blastocysts using fluorescent microscopy.

Results

PIF levels in mouse embryo culture medium significantly increased from the morula to the blastocyst stage (ANOVA, P = 0.01). In contrast, atretic embryos medium was similar to the medium only control. Detectable - though low - PIF levels were secreted already by 2-cell stage mouse embryos. In single bovine IVF-derived embryos, PIF levels in medium at day 3 of culture were higher than non-cleaving embryos (control) (P = 0.01) and at day 7 were higher than day 3 (P = 0.03). In non-cleaving embryos culture medium was similar to medium alone (control). Anti-PIF-mAb added to mouse embryo cultures lowered blastocyst formation rate 3-fold in a dose-dependent manner (2-way contingency table, multiple groups, X2; P = 0.01) as compared with non-specific mouse mAb, and medium alone, control. FITC-PIF was taken-up by cultured bovine blastocysts, but not by scrambled FITC-PIF (control).

Conclusions

PIF is an early embryo viability marker that has a direct supportive role on embryo development in culture. PIF-ELISA use to assess IVF embryo quality prior to transfer is warranted. Overall, our data supports PIF's endogenous self sustaining role in embryo development and the utility of PIF- ELISA to detect viable embryos in a non-invasive manner.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
PreImplantation Factor (PIF) correlates with early mammalian embryo development-bovine and murine models
Authors
Christopher W Stamatkin
Roumen G Roussev
Mike Stout
Victor Absalon-Medina
Sivakumar Ramu
Chelsi Goodman
Carolyn B Coulam
Robert O Gilbert
Robert A Godke
Eytan R Barnea
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7827
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-9-63

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