Top

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research

Estrogenic potency of bisphenol S, polyethersulfone and their metabolites generated by the rat liver S9 fractions on a MVLN cell using a luciferase reporter gene assay

Authors: Jae Soon Kang, Jin-Soo Choi, Woo-Keun Kim, Yong-Ju Lee, June-Woo Park

Published in: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology | Issue 1/2014

Abstract

Background

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an applied chemical that is used in many industrial fields and is a potential endocrine disruption chemical (EDC) that is found in the environment. Bisphenol S (BPS) and polyethersulfone (PES) have been suggested as putative BPA alternatives. In this study, the estrogenic potency induced by the binding of 17-beta-estradiol (E2), BPA, BPS, PES and their metabolites formed by the rat liver S9 fraction to the human estrogen receptor (ER) was estimated.

Methods

We used an in vitro bioassay based on the luciferase reporter assay in MVLN cells to evaluate the estrogenic activity of 17-beta-estradiol (E2), BPA, BPS, PES (E2: 0.001 to 0.3 nM; BPA, BPS and PES: 0.0001 to 5 microM) and their metabolites (E2: 0.05 microM; BPA, BPS and PES: 0.1 mM) according to incubation times (0, 20 and 40 min). After chemical treatment to MVLN cells for 72 hrs, and the cell viability and luciferase intensity induced were estimated, from which the estrogenic activity of the chemicals tested was evaluated.

Results

BPA and BPS induced estrogenic activity whereas PES did not show any estrogenic activity in the concentrations tested. In an in vitro assay of metabolites, BPA metabolites displayed comparable estrogenic activity with BPA and metabolites of both BPS and PES showed increasing estrogenic activity.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the metabolites of BPS and PES have estrogenic potential and the need for the assessment of both chemicals and their metabolites in other EDC evaluation studies. The estrogenic potency of PES and its metabolites is the first report in our best knowledge.

Available only for authorised users

Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto AM, Zoeller RT, Gore AC: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev. 2009, 30: 293-342. 10.1210/er.2009-0002.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

WHO: Global Assessment of the State-of-the-Science of Endocrine Disruptors. 2002, Geneva, Swizerland: World Health Organization, 1-3.

Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Leso V, Bergamaschi A: The effects of nanomaterials as endocrine disruptors. Int J Mol Sci. 2013, 14: 16732-16801. 10.3390/ijms140816732.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Erickson BE: Bisphenol A under scrutiny. Chemical and Engineering News. 2008, Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 36-39.

Schwartz AW, Landrigan PJ: Bisphenol A in thermal paper receipts: an opportunity for evidence-based prevention. Environ Health Perspect. 2012, 120: A14-A15. 10.1289/ehp.1104004. author reply A15PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Ho SM, Tang WY, Belmonte de Frausto J, Prins GS: Developmental exposure to estradiol and bisphenol A increases susceptibility to prostate carcinogenesis and epigenetically regulates phosphodiesterase type 4 variant 4. Cancer Res. 2006, 66: 5624-5632. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0516.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Markey CM, Wadia PR, Rubin BS, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM: Long-term effects of fetal exposure to low doses of the xenoestrogen bisphenol-A in the female mouse genital tract. Biol Reprod. 2005, 72: 1344-1351. 10.1095/biolreprod.104.036301.CrossRefPubMed

Munoz-de-Toro M, Markey CM, Wadia PR, Luque EH, Rubin BS, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM: Perinatal exposure to bisphenol-A alters peripubertal mammary gland development in mice. Endocrinology. 2005, 146: 4138-4147. 10.1210/en.2005-0340.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Timms BG, Howdeshell KL, Barton L, Bradley S, Richter CA, Vom Saal FS: Estrogenic chemicals in plastic and oral contraceptives disrupt development of the fetal mouse prostate and urethra. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005, 102: 7014-7019. 10.1073/pnas.0502544102.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

10.

Dankers AC, Roelofs MJ, Piersma AH, Sweep FC, Russel FG, Van den Berg M, Van Duursen MB, Masereeuw R: Endocrine disruptors differentially target ATP-binding cassette transporters in the blood-testis barrier and affect Leydig cell testosterone secretion in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2013, 136: 382-391. 10.1093/toxsci/kft198.CrossRefPubMed

11.

FDA: Indirect Food Additives: Polymers; Food and Drug Administration. 2012, Fed Reg 77-

12.

Ike M, Chen MY, Danzl E, Sei K, Fujita M: Biodegradation of a variety of bisphenols under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Water Sci Technol. 2006, 53: 153-159.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Kuruto-Niwa R, Nozawa R, Miyakoshi T, Shiozawa T, Terao Y: Estrogenic activity of alkylphenols, bisphenol S, and their chlorinated derivatives using a GFP expression system. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005, 19: 121-130. 10.1016/j.etap.2004.05.009.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Zhang L, Liu LG, Pan FL, Wang DF, Pan ZJ: Effects of heat treatment on the morphology and performance of PSU electrospun nanofibrous membrane. J Eng Fiber Fabr. 2012, 7: 7-16.

15.

Grignard E, Lapenna S, Bremer S: Weak estrogenic transcriptional activities of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S. Toxicol In Vitro. 2012, 26: 727-731. 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.03.013.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Vinas R, Watson CS: Bisphenol S disrupts estradiol-induced nongenomic signaling in a rat pituitary cell line: effects on cell functions. Environ Health Perspect. 2013, 121: 352-358. 10.1289/ehp.1205826.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

17.

Yoshihara S, Mizutare T, Makishima M, Suzuki N, Fujimoto N, Igarashi K, Ohta S: Potent estrogenic metabolites of bisphenol A and bisphenol B formed by rat liver S9 fraction: their structures and estrogenic potency. Toxicol Sci. 2004, 78: 50-59. 10.1093/toxsci/kfh047.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Colquhoun HM, Chappell D, Lewis AL, Lewis DF, Finlan GT, Williams PJ: Chlorine tolerant, multilayer reverse-osmosis membranes with high permeate flux and high salt rejection. J Mater Chem. 2010, 20: 4629-4634. 10.1039/b926352g.CrossRef

19.

Simoneau C, Valzacchi S, Morkunas V, Van den Eede L: Comparison of migration from polyethersulphone and polycarbonate baby bottles. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2011, 28: 1763-1768.PubMed

20.

Kitamura S, Suzuki T, Sanoh S, Kohta R, Jinno N, Sugihara K, Yoshihara S, Fujimoto N, Watanabe H, Ohta S: Comparative study of the endocrine-disrupting activity of bisphenol A and 19 related compounds. Toxicol Sci. 2005, 84: 249-259. 10.1093/toxsci/kfi074.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Yoshihara S, Makishima M, Suzuki N, Ohta S: Metabolic activation of bisphenol A by rat liver S9 fraction. Toxicol Sci. 2001, 62: 221-227. 10.1093/toxsci/62.2.221.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Hashimoto Y, Moriguchi Y, Oshima H, Kawaguchi M, Miyazaki K, Nakamura M: Measurement of estrogenic activity of chemicals for the development of new dental polymers. Toxicol In Vitro. 2001, 15: 421-425. 10.1016/S0887-2333(01)00046-7.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Demirpence E, Duchesne MJ, Badia E, Gagne D, Pons M: MVLN cells: a bioluminescent MCE-7-derived cell line to study the modulation of estrogenic activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1993, 46: 355-364. 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90225-L.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Pons M, Gagne D, Nicolas JC, Mehtali M: A new cellular model of response to estrogens: a bioluminescent test to characterize (anti) estrogen molecules. Biotechniques. 1990, 9: 450-459.PubMed

25.

Al-Bader M, Al-Saji S, Ford CH, Francis I, Al-Ayadhy B: Real-time PCR: detection of oestrogen receptor-alpha and -beta isoforms and variants in breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 2010, 30: 4147-4156.PubMed

26.

Kurebayashi J, Otsuki T, Kunisue H, Tanaka K, Yamamoto S, Sonoo H: Expression levels of estrogen receptor-alpha, estrogen receptor-beta, coactivators, and corepressors in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2000, 6: 512-518.PubMed

27.

Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001, 25: 402-408. 10.1006/meth.2001.1262.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Villeneuve DL, Khim JS, Kannan K, Giesy JP: Relative potencies of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to induce dioxinlike and estrogenic responses in three cell lines. Environ Toxicol. 2002, 17: 128-137. 10.1002/tox.10041.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Kubo K, Arai O, Omura M, Watanabe R, Ogata R, Aou S: Low dose effects of bisphenol A on sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior in rats. Neurosci Res. 2003, 45: 345-356. 10.1016/S0168-0102(02)00251-1.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Maffini MV, Rubin BS, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM: Endocrine disruptors and reproductive health: the case of bisphenol-A. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006, 254–255: 179-186.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Roy A, Bauer SM, Lawrence BP: Developmental exposure to bisphenol A modulates innate but not adaptive immune responses to influenza A virus infection. PLoS One. 2012, 7: e38448-10.1371/journal.pone.0038448.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

32.

Vandenberg LN, Maffini MV, Wadia PR, Sonnenschein C, Rubin BS, Soto AM: Exposure to environmentally relevant doses of the xenoestrogen bisphenol-A alters development of the fetal mouse mammary gland. Endocrinology. 2007, 148: 116-127. 10.1210/en.2006-0561.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

33.

Weber Lozada K, Keri RA: Bisphenol A increases mammary cancer risk in two distinct mouse models of breast cancer. Biol Reprod. 2011, 85: 490-497. 10.1095/biolreprod.110.090431.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

34.

Ishibashi H, Watanabe N, Matsumura N, Hirano M, Nagao Y, Shiratsuchi H, Kohra S, Yoshihara S, Arizono K: Toxicity to early life stages and an estrogenic effect of a bisphenol A metabolite, 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene on the medaka (Oryzias latipes). Life Sci. 2005, 77: 2643-2655. 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.03.025.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Okuda K, Takiguchi M, Yoshihara S: In vivo estrogenic potential of 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene, an active metabolite of bisphenol A, in uterus of ovariectomized rat. Toxicol Lett. 2010, 197: 7-11. 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.017.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Chemical Compatibility. [http://www.spectrumlabs.com/dialysis/Compatibility.html]

37.

Chemical Resistance of Polypulfone. [http://www.coastpneumatics.com/chemres.html]

38.

Krishnan AV, Stathis P, Permuth SF, Tokes L, Feldman D: Bisphenol-A: an estrogenic substance is released from polycarbonate flasks during autoclaving. Endocrinology. 1993, 132: 2279-2286.PubMed

39.

Le HH, Carlson EM, Chua JP, Belcher SM: Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons. Toxicol Lett. 2008, 176: 149-156. 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.11.001.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

40.

Markovsky E, Baabur-Cohen H, Eldar-Boock A, Omer L, Tiram G, Ferber S, Ofek P, Polyak D, Scomparin A, Satchi-Fainaro R: Administration, distribution, metabolism and elimination of polymer therapeutics. J Control Release. 2012, 161: 446-460. 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.021.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Estrogenic potency of bisphenol S, polyethersulfone and their metabolites generated by the rat liver S9 fractions on a MVLN cell using a luciferase reporter gene assay
Authors: Jae Soon Kang
Jin-Soo Choi
Woo-Keun Kim
Yong-Ju Lee
June-Woo Park
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7827
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-12-102

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Estrogenic potency of bisphenol S, polyethersulfone and their metabolites generated by the rat liver S9 fractions on a MVLN cell using a luciferase reporter gene assay

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

High-fat diet decreases the expression of Kiss1 mRNA and kisspeptin in the ovary, and increases ovulatory dysfunction in postpubertal female rats

Evidence of ERalpha and ERbeta selectivity and partial estrogen agonism in traditional Chinese medicine

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the Synaptotagmin-1 gene in the hypothalamus and pituitary of Huoyan goose during different stages of the egg-laying cycle

Fertility awareness among medical and non-medical students: a case-control study

Array comparative genomic hybridization analyses of all blastomeres of a cohort of embryos from young IVF patients revealed significant contribution of mitotic errors to embryo mosaicism at the cleavage stage

Effect of inter-cycle interval on oocyte production in humans in the presence of the weak androgen DHEA and follicle stimulating hormone: a case-control study