Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Study protocol

Use of pedometer-driven walking to promote physical activity and improve health-related quality of life among meat processing workers: a feasibility trial

Authors: Suliman Mansi, Stephan Milosavljevic, Steve Tumilty, Paul Hendrick, G David Baxter

Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Current evidence supports the use of pedometers as effective motivational tools to promote physical activity and improve health-related quality of life in the general population. The aims of this study are to examine whether a pedometer-driven walking programme can improve health-related quality of life, and increase ambulatory activity in a population of meat processing workers when compared to a control group receiving educational material alone.

Methods/design

A feasibility study employing a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design will collect data at three time points. A sample of up to 60 meat workers will be recruited and randomly assigned to either an intervention group N = 30 (12-week pedometer-driven walking program, brief intervention, and educational material), or control group N = 30 (educational material only). The primary outcomes of ambulatory activity, health-related quality of life, and functional capacity, will be evaluated at baseline, immediately following the 12-week intervention and then at three month post-intervention.

Discussion

This paper describes the design of a feasibility randomized controlled trial, which aims to assess the effectiveness of the introduction of a workplace pedometer-driven walking program compared to normal lifestyle advice in meat processing workers.

Trial Registration Number

(ANZCTR): 12613000087752.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Tappin DC, Bentley TA, Vitalis A, Macky K: An analysis of sprain and strain injury data for the New Zealand meat processing industry from national and industry injury surveillance databases. Ergonomics 2008,51(11):1721–1734. 10.1080/00140130802277570PubMedCrossRef Tappin DC, Bentley TA, Vitalis A, Macky K: An analysis of sprain and strain injury data for the New Zealand meat processing industry from national and industry injury surveillance databases. Ergonomics 2008,51(11):1721–1734. 10.1080/00140130802277570PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Tappin DC, Bentley TA, Vitalis A: The role of contextual factors for musculoskeletal disorders in the New Zealand meat processing industry. Ergonomics 2008,51(10):1576–1593. 10.1080/00140130802238630PubMedCrossRef Tappin DC, Bentley TA, Vitalis A: The role of contextual factors for musculoskeletal disorders in the New Zealand meat processing industry. Ergonomics 2008,51(10):1576–1593. 10.1080/00140130802238630PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Kristensen TS: The occupational environment and health of slaughterhouse workers: V. Low back pain and absence on account of low back symptoms. Ugeskr Laeger 1985,147(41):3276–3283.PubMed Kristensen TS: The occupational environment and health of slaughterhouse workers: V. Low back pain and absence on account of low back symptoms. Ugeskr Laeger 1985,147(41):3276–3283.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Campbell DS: Health hazards in the meatpacking industry. Occup Med 1999,14(2):351–372.PubMed Campbell DS: Health hazards in the meatpacking industry. Occup Med 1999,14(2):351–372.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Omokhodion FO, Adebayo AM: Occupational hazards and self-reported health problems of butchers in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. J Public Health (Germany) 2013,21(2):131–134. 10.1007/s10389-012-0528-5CrossRef Omokhodion FO, Adebayo AM: Occupational hazards and self-reported health problems of butchers in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. J Public Health (Germany) 2013,21(2):131–134. 10.1007/s10389-012-0528-5CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Arvidsson I, Balogh I, Hansson GT, Ohlsson K, Åkesson I, Nordander C: Rationalization in meat cutting - consequences on physical workload. Appl Ergon 2012,43(6):1026–1032. 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.03.001PubMedCrossRef Arvidsson I, Balogh I, Hansson GT, Ohlsson K, Åkesson I, Nordander C: Rationalization in meat cutting - consequences on physical workload. Appl Ergon 2012,43(6):1026–1032. 10.1016/j.apergo.2012.03.001PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Gangopadhyay S, Ray A: An analysis of repetitive strain injuries among three groups of workers. Ind J Occup Environ Med 2000,4(1):39–41. Gangopadhyay S, Ray A: An analysis of repetitive strain injuries among three groups of workers. Ind J Occup Environ Med 2000,4(1):39–41.
8.
go back to reference Van Rijn RM, Huisstede BMA, Koes BW, Burdorf A: Associations between work-related factors and the carpal tunnel syndrome - a systematic review. Scand J Work Environ Health 2009,35(1):19–36. 10.5271/sjweh.1306PubMedCrossRef Van Rijn RM, Huisstede BMA, Koes BW, Burdorf A: Associations between work-related factors and the carpal tunnel syndrome - a systematic review. Scand J Work Environ Health 2009,35(1):19–36. 10.5271/sjweh.1306PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Ilardi JS: Relationship between productivity, quality and musculoskeletal disorder risk among deboning workers in a Chilean salmon industry. Work 2012,41(1):5334–5338.PubMed Ilardi JS: Relationship between productivity, quality and musculoskeletal disorder risk among deboning workers in a Chilean salmon industry. Work 2012,41(1):5334–5338.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Bureau of Labor Statistics USDoL: Incidence rates and numbers of nonfatal occupational illnesses by major industry sector, category of illness, and ownership. USA: United States Department of Labor; 2009. Bureau of Labor Statistics USDoL: Incidence rates and numbers of nonfatal occupational illnesses by major industry sector, category of illness, and ownership. USA: United States Department of Labor; 2009.
11.
go back to reference Yassi A, Sprout J, Tate R: Upper limb repetitive strain injuries in Manitoba. Am J Ind Med 1996,30(4):461–472. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199610)30:4<461::AID-AJIM12>3.0.CO;2-2PubMedCrossRef Yassi A, Sprout J, Tate R: Upper limb repetitive strain injuries in Manitoba. Am J Ind Med 1996,30(4):461–472. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199610)30:4<461::AID-AJIM12>3.0.CO;2-2PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Tappin DM, Bentley T, Parker R, Ashby L, Vitalis A, Riley D, Hide S: Industry interventions for addressingmusculoskeletal disorders (Strains/Sprains) in New Zealand meat processing. New Zealand: Massey University; 2007. Tappin DM, Bentley T, Parker R, Ashby L, Vitalis A, Riley D, Hide S: Industry interventions for addressingmusculoskeletal disorders (Strains/Sprains) in New Zealand meat processing. New Zealand: Massey University; 2007.
13.
go back to reference Mohammadi G: Risk factors for the prevalence of the upper limb and neck work-related musculoskeletal disorders among poultry slaughter workers. J Musculoskelet Res 2012,15(1):1250005–1250013. 10.1142/S0218957712500054CrossRef Mohammadi G: Risk factors for the prevalence of the upper limb and neck work-related musculoskeletal disorders among poultry slaughter workers. J Musculoskelet Res 2012,15(1):1250005–1250013. 10.1142/S0218957712500054CrossRef
14.
go back to reference McPhee CS, Lipscomb HJ: Upper-extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and physical health related quality of life among women employed in poultry processing and other low-wage jobs in northeastern North Carolina. Am J Ind Med 2009,52(4):331–340. 10.1002/ajim.20687PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef McPhee CS, Lipscomb HJ: Upper-extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and physical health related quality of life among women employed in poultry processing and other low-wage jobs in northeastern North Carolina. Am J Ind Med 2009,52(4):331–340. 10.1002/ajim.20687PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Lipscomb HJ, Epling CA, Pompeii LA, Dement JM: Musculoskeletal symptoms among poultry processing workers and a community comparison group: black women in low-wage jobs in the rural South. Am J Ind Med 2007,50(5):327–338. 10.1002/ajim.20447PubMedCrossRef Lipscomb HJ, Epling CA, Pompeii LA, Dement JM: Musculoskeletal symptoms among poultry processing workers and a community comparison group: black women in low-wage jobs in the rural South. Am J Ind Med 2007,50(5):327–338. 10.1002/ajim.20447PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Schulz MR, Grzywacz JG, Chen H, Mora DC, Arcury TA, Marín AJ, Mirabelli MC, Quandt SA: Upper body musculoskeletal symptoms of Latino poultry processing workers and a comparison group of Latino manual workers. Am J Ind Med 2012,56(2):197–205.PubMedCrossRef Schulz MR, Grzywacz JG, Chen H, Mora DC, Arcury TA, Marín AJ, Mirabelli MC, Quandt SA: Upper body musculoskeletal symptoms of Latino poultry processing workers and a comparison group of Latino manual workers. Am J Ind Med 2012,56(2):197–205.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Widanarko B, Legg S, Stevenson M, Devereux J, Eng A, Mannetje AT, Cheng S, Douwes J, Ellison-Loschmann L, McLean D, et al.: Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to gender, age, and occupational/industrial group. Int J Ind Ergon 2011,41(5):561–572. 10.1016/j.ergon.2011.06.002CrossRef Widanarko B, Legg S, Stevenson M, Devereux J, Eng A, Mannetje AT, Cheng S, Douwes J, Ellison-Loschmann L, McLean D, et al.: Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to gender, age, and occupational/industrial group. Int J Ind Ergon 2011,41(5):561–572. 10.1016/j.ergon.2011.06.002CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Nag PK, Nag A: Hazards and health complaints associated with fish processing activities in India-evaluation of a low-cost intervention. Int J Ind Ergon 2007,37(2):125–132. 10.1016/j.ergon.2006.10.012CrossRef Nag PK, Nag A: Hazards and health complaints associated with fish processing activities in India-evaluation of a low-cost intervention. Int J Ind Ergon 2007,37(2):125–132. 10.1016/j.ergon.2006.10.012CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Sormunen E, Oksa J, Pienimäki T, Rissanen S, Rintamäki H: Muscular and cold strain of female workers in meatpacking work. Int J Ind Ergon 2006,36(8):713–720. 10.1016/j.ergon.2006.05.003CrossRef Sormunen E, Oksa J, Pienimäki T, Rissanen S, Rintamäki H: Muscular and cold strain of female workers in meatpacking work. Int J Ind Ergon 2006,36(8):713–720. 10.1016/j.ergon.2006.05.003CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Quandt SA, Grzywacz JG, Marín A, Carrillo L, Coates ML, Burke B, Arcury TA: Illnesses and injuries reported by Latino poultry workers in western North Carolina. Am J Ind Med 2006,49(5):343–351. 10.1002/ajim.20299PubMedCrossRef Quandt SA, Grzywacz JG, Marín A, Carrillo L, Coates ML, Burke B, Arcury TA: Illnesses and injuries reported by Latino poultry workers in western North Carolina. Am J Ind Med 2006,49(5):343–351. 10.1002/ajim.20299PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Stuart-Buttle C: A discomfort survey in a poultry-processing plant. Appl Ergon 1994,25(1):47–52. 10.1016/0003-6870(94)90031-0PubMedCrossRef Stuart-Buttle C: A discomfort survey in a poultry-processing plant. Appl Ergon 1994,25(1):47–52. 10.1016/0003-6870(94)90031-0PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Chiang HC, Ko YC, Chen SS, Yu HS, Wu TN, Chang PY: Prevalence of shoulder and upper-limb disorders among workers in the fish-processing industry. Scand J Work Environ Health 1993,19(2):126–131. 10.5271/sjweh.1496PubMedCrossRef Chiang HC, Ko YC, Chen SS, Yu HS, Wu TN, Chang PY: Prevalence of shoulder and upper-limb disorders among workers in the fish-processing industry. Scand J Work Environ Health 1993,19(2):126–131. 10.5271/sjweh.1496PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Ohlsson K, Hansson GA, Balogh I, Stromberg U, Palsson B, Nordander C, Rylander L, Skerfving S: Disorders of the neck and upper limbs in women in the fish processing industry. Occup Environ Med 1994,51(12):826–832. 10.1136/oem.51.12.826PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ohlsson K, Hansson GA, Balogh I, Stromberg U, Palsson B, Nordander C, Rylander L, Skerfving S: Disorders of the neck and upper limbs in women in the fish processing industry. Occup Environ Med 1994,51(12):826–832. 10.1136/oem.51.12.826PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Bergman S, Jacobsson LTH, Herrström P, Petersson IF: Health status as measured by SF-36 reflects changes and predicts outcome in chronic musculoskeletal pain: A 3-year follow up study in the general population. Pain 2004,108(1):115–123.PubMedCrossRef Bergman S, Jacobsson LTH, Herrström P, Petersson IF: Health status as measured by SF-36 reflects changes and predicts outcome in chronic musculoskeletal pain: A 3-year follow up study in the general population. Pain 2004,108(1):115–123.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Mäntyselkä PT, Turunen JHO, Ahonen RS, Kumpusalo EA, Brown MM: Chronic pain and poor self-rated health. Evidence-Based Eye Care 2004,5(2):110–111. 10.1097/00132578-200404000-00024CrossRef Mäntyselkä PT, Turunen JHO, Ahonen RS, Kumpusalo EA, Brown MM: Chronic pain and poor self-rated health. Evidence-Based Eye Care 2004,5(2):110–111. 10.1097/00132578-200404000-00024CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Méndez-Hernández P, Dosamantes-Carrasco D, Siani C, Flores YN, Arredondo A, Lumbreras-Delgado I, Granados-García VM, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Salmerón J: A workplace physical activity program at a public university in Mexico can reduce medical costs associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Salud Publica Mex 2012,54(1):20–27. 10.1590/S0036-36342012000100004PubMedCrossRef Méndez-Hernández P, Dosamantes-Carrasco D, Siani C, Flores YN, Arredondo A, Lumbreras-Delgado I, Granados-García VM, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Salmerón J: A workplace physical activity program at a public university in Mexico can reduce medical costs associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Salud Publica Mex 2012,54(1):20–27. 10.1590/S0036-36342012000100004PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference McEachan RRC, Lawton RJ, Jackson C, Conner M, Lunt J: Evidence, theory and context: using intervention mapping to develop a worksite physical activity intervention. BMC Public Health 2008, 8: 326. 10.1186/1471-2458-8-326PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef McEachan RRC, Lawton RJ, Jackson C, Conner M, Lunt J: Evidence, theory and context: using intervention mapping to develop a worksite physical activity intervention. BMC Public Health 2008, 8: 326. 10.1186/1471-2458-8-326PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Pronk NP: Physical activity promotion in business and industry: evidence, context, and recommendations for a national plan. J Phys Act Health 2009,6(SUPPL. 2):S220-S235.PubMed Pronk NP: Physical activity promotion in business and industry: evidence, context, and recommendations for a national plan. J Phys Act Health 2009,6(SUPPL. 2):S220-S235.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Rossi A, Dikareva A, Bacon SL, Daskalopoulou SS: The impact of physical activity on mortality in patients with high blood pressure: a systematic review. J Hypertens 2012,30(7):1277–1288. 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283544669PubMedCrossRef Rossi A, Dikareva A, Bacon SL, Daskalopoulou SS: The impact of physical activity on mortality in patients with high blood pressure: a systematic review. J Hypertens 2012,30(7):1277–1288. 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283544669PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Li J, Siegrist J: Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease-a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2012,9(2):391–407.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Li J, Siegrist J: Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease-a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2012,9(2):391–407.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Katzmarzyk PT, Lear SA: Physical activity for obese individuals: a systematic review of effects on chronic disease risk factors. Obes Rev 2012,13(2):95–105. 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00933.xPubMedCrossRef Katzmarzyk PT, Lear SA: Physical activity for obese individuals: a systematic review of effects on chronic disease risk factors. Obes Rev 2012,13(2):95–105. 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00933.xPubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Zebis MK, Andersen LL, Pedersen MT, Mortensen P, Andersen CH, Pedersen MM, Boysen M, Roessler KK, Hannerz H, Mortensen OS, et al.: Implementation of neck/shoulder exercises for pain relief among industrial workers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011, 12: 205. 10.1186/1471-2474-12-205PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Zebis MK, Andersen LL, Pedersen MT, Mortensen P, Andersen CH, Pedersen MM, Boysen M, Roessler KK, Hannerz H, Mortensen OS, et al.: Implementation of neck/shoulder exercises for pain relief among industrial workers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011, 12: 205. 10.1186/1471-2474-12-205PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Andersen LL, Christensen KB, Holtermann A, Poulsen OM, Sjogaard G, Pedersen MT, Hansen EA: Effect of physical exercise interventions on musculoskeletal pain in all body regions among office workers: a one-year randomized controlled trial. Man Ther 2010,15(1):100–104. 10.1016/j.math.2009.08.004PubMedCrossRef Andersen LL, Christensen KB, Holtermann A, Poulsen OM, Sjogaard G, Pedersen MT, Hansen EA: Effect of physical exercise interventions on musculoskeletal pain in all body regions among office workers: a one-year randomized controlled trial. Man Ther 2010,15(1):100–104. 10.1016/j.math.2009.08.004PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Wen CP, Wai JPM, Tsai MK, Yang YC, Cheng TYD, Lee MC, Chan HT, Tsao CK, Tsai SP, Wu X: Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2011,378(9798):1244–1253. 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60749-6PubMedCrossRef Wen CP, Wai JPM, Tsai MK, Yang YC, Cheng TYD, Lee MC, Chan HT, Tsao CK, Tsai SP, Wu X: Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2011,378(9798):1244–1253. 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60749-6PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Gulsvik AK, Thelle DS, Samuelsen SO, Myrstad M, Mowé M, Wyller TB: Ageing, physical activity and mortality-a 42-year follow-up study. Int J Epidemiol 2012,41(2):521–530. 10.1093/ije/dyr205PubMedCrossRef Gulsvik AK, Thelle DS, Samuelsen SO, Myrstad M, Mowé M, Wyller TB: Ageing, physical activity and mortality-a 42-year follow-up study. Int J Epidemiol 2012,41(2):521–530. 10.1093/ije/dyr205PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Proper KI, Koning M, Van der Beek AJ, Hildebrandt VH, Bosscher RJ, Van Mechelen W: The effectiveness of worksite physical activity programs on physical activity, physical fitness, and health. Clin J Sport Med 2003,13(2):106–117. 10.1097/00042752-200303000-00008PubMedCrossRef Proper KI, Koning M, Van der Beek AJ, Hildebrandt VH, Bosscher RJ, Van Mechelen W: The effectiveness of worksite physical activity programs on physical activity, physical fitness, and health. Clin J Sport Med 2003,13(2):106–117. 10.1097/00042752-200303000-00008PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Ng NT, Heesch KC, Brown WJ: Efficacy of a progressive walking program and glucosamine sulphate supplementation on osteoarthritic symptoms of the hip and knee: a feasibility trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2010,12(1):R25. 10.1186/ar2932PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ng NT, Heesch KC, Brown WJ: Efficacy of a progressive walking program and glucosamine sulphate supplementation on osteoarthritic symptoms of the hip and knee: a feasibility trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2010,12(1):R25. 10.1186/ar2932PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Talbot LA, Gaines JM, Huynh TN, Metter EJ: A home-based pedometer-driven walking program to increase physical activity in older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee: a preliminary study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003,51(3):387–392. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51113.xPubMedCrossRef Talbot LA, Gaines JM, Huynh TN, Metter EJ: A home-based pedometer-driven walking program to increase physical activity in older adults with osteoarthritis of the knee: a preliminary study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003,51(3):387–392. 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51113.xPubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Hurley DA, Eadie J, O’Donoghue G, Kelly C, Lonsdale C, Guerin S, Tully MA, van Mechelen W, McDonough SM, Boreham CA, et al.: Physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in chronic low back pain: a feasibility randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010, 11: 70. 10.1186/1471-2474-11-70PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hurley DA, Eadie J, O’Donoghue G, Kelly C, Lonsdale C, Guerin S, Tully MA, van Mechelen W, McDonough SM, Boreham CA, et al.: Physiotherapy for sleep disturbance in chronic low back pain: a feasibility randomised controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010, 11: 70. 10.1186/1471-2474-11-70PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Hartvigsen J, Morso L, Bendix T, Manniche C: Supervised and non-supervised Nordic walking in the treatment of chronic low back pain: a single blind randomized clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010, 11: 30. 10.1186/1471-2474-11-30PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hartvigsen J, Morso L, Bendix T, Manniche C: Supervised and non-supervised Nordic walking in the treatment of chronic low back pain: a single blind randomized clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010, 11: 30. 10.1186/1471-2474-11-30PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Hurley DA, O’Donoghue G, Tully MA, Moffett JK, van Mechelen W, Daly L, Boreham CA, McDonough SM: A walking programme and a supervised exercise class versus usual physiotherapy for chronic low back pain: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial: (The Supervised Walking In comparison to Fitness Training for Back Pain (SWIFT) Trial). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009, 10: 79. 10.1186/1471-2474-10-79PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hurley DA, O’Donoghue G, Tully MA, Moffett JK, van Mechelen W, Daly L, Boreham CA, McDonough SM: A walking programme and a supervised exercise class versus usual physiotherapy for chronic low back pain: a single-blinded randomised controlled trial: (The Supervised Walking In comparison to Fitness Training for Back Pain (SWIFT) Trial). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009, 10: 79. 10.1186/1471-2474-10-79PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference McDonough SM, Tully MA, Boyd A, O’Connor SR, Kerr DP, O’Neill SM, Delitto A, Bradbury I, Tudor-Locke C, Baxter GD, et al.: Pedometer-driven walking for chronic low back pain: a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain 2013,29(11):972–981. 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31827f9d81PubMedCrossRef McDonough SM, Tully MA, Boyd A, O’Connor SR, Kerr DP, O’Neill SM, Delitto A, Bradbury I, Tudor-Locke C, Baxter GD, et al.: Pedometer-driven walking for chronic low back pain: a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain 2013,29(11):972–981. 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31827f9d81PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference (WHO) WHO: Global strategy on diet, physical activity & health. Physical activity and adults recommended levels of physical activity for adults aged 18–64 years. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2011. (WHO) WHO: Global strategy on diet, physical activity & health. Physical activity and adults recommended levels of physical activity for adults aged 18–64 years. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2011.
45.
go back to reference Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT: Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet 2012,380(9838):219–229. 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT: Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet 2012,380(9838):219–229. 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference (WHO) WHO: Prevalence of insufficient physical activity:Global Health Observatory (GHO). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008. (WHO) WHO: Prevalence of insufficient physical activity:Global Health Observatory (GHO). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008.
47.
go back to reference Health. Mo: Sport, Recreation & Physical Activity Participation Among NZ Adults, National Physical activity guidlines. Edited by: Zealand SN. Wellington: Ministry of Health NZ; 2001. Health. Mo: Sport, Recreation & Physical Activity Participation Among NZ Adults, National Physical activity guidlines. Edited by: Zealand SN. Wellington: Ministry of Health NZ; 2001.
48.
go back to reference (SPARC) SaRiNZ: Results of the New Zealand Sport and Physical Activity surveys (2007–2008): Adults and children. Wellington: Sport New Zealand; 2008. (SPARC) SaRiNZ: Results of the New Zealand Sport and Physical Activity surveys (2007–2008): Adults and children. Wellington: Sport New Zealand; 2008.
49.
go back to reference Health. Mo: The health of New Zealand adults 2011/12: key findings of the New Zealand health survey. Wellington: Ministry of Health NZ; 2012. Health. Mo: The health of New Zealand adults 2011/12: key findings of the New Zealand health survey. Wellington: Ministry of Health NZ; 2012.
50.
go back to reference Auckland City Council WRC, Committee WRS: The costs of physical inactivity: toward a reginoal full-cost accounting perspective. Auckland: Sport New Zealand; 2010. Auckland City Council WRC, Committee WRS: The costs of physical inactivity: toward a reginoal full-cost accounting perspective. Auckland: Sport New Zealand; 2010.
51.
go back to reference NICE: Four commonly used methods to increase physical activity: brief interventions in primary care, exercise referral schemes, pedometers and community-based exercise programmes for walking and cycling. United Kingdom: National Institute of Clinical Excellence; 2006. NICE: Four commonly used methods to increase physical activity: brief interventions in primary care, exercise referral schemes, pedometers and community-based exercise programmes for walking and cycling. United Kingdom: National Institute of Clinical Excellence; 2006.
52.
go back to reference Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr: How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health. Sports Med 2004,34(1):1–8. 10.2165/00007256-200434010-00001PubMedCrossRef Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr: How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health. Sports Med 2004,34(1):1–8. 10.2165/00007256-200434010-00001PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Ogilvie D, Foster CE, Rothnie H, Cavill N, Hamilton V, Fitzsimons CF, Mutrie N: Interventions to promote walking: systematic review. Br Med J 2007,334(7605):1204–1207. 10.1136/bmj.39198.722720.BECrossRef Ogilvie D, Foster CE, Rothnie H, Cavill N, Hamilton V, Fitzsimons CF, Mutrie N: Interventions to promote walking: systematic review. Br Med J 2007,334(7605):1204–1207. 10.1136/bmj.39198.722720.BECrossRef
54.
go back to reference Lubans DR, Morgan PJ, Tudor-Locke C: A systematic review of studies using pedometers to promote physical activity among youth. Prev Med 2009,48(4):307–315. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.014PubMedCrossRef Lubans DR, Morgan PJ, Tudor-Locke C: A systematic review of studies using pedometers to promote physical activity among youth. Prev Med 2009,48(4):307–315. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.014PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference McKay J, Wright A, Lowry R, Steele K, Ryde G, Mutrie N: Walking on prescription: the utility of a pedometer pack for increasing physical activity in primary care. Patient Educ Couns 2009,76(1):71–76. 10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.004PubMedCrossRef McKay J, Wright A, Lowry R, Steele K, Ryde G, Mutrie N: Walking on prescription: the utility of a pedometer pack for increasing physical activity in primary care. Patient Educ Couns 2009,76(1):71–76. 10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.004PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Sugden JA, Sniehotta FF, Donnan PT, Boyle P, Johnston DW, McMurdo ME: The feasibility of using pedometers and brief advice to increase activity in sedentary older women–a pilot study. BMC Health Serv Res 2008, 8: 169. 10.1186/1472-6963-8-169PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Sugden JA, Sniehotta FF, Donnan PT, Boyle P, Johnston DW, McMurdo ME: The feasibility of using pedometers and brief advice to increase activity in sedentary older women–a pilot study. BMC Health Serv Res 2008, 8: 169. 10.1186/1472-6963-8-169PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Pal S, Cheng C, Egger G, Binns C, Donovan R: Using pedometers to increase physical activity in overweight and obese women: a pilot study. BMC Public Health 2009, 9: 309. 10.1186/1471-2458-9-309PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Pal S, Cheng C, Egger G, Binns C, Donovan R: Using pedometers to increase physical activity in overweight and obese women: a pilot study. BMC Public Health 2009, 9: 309. 10.1186/1471-2458-9-309PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Diedrich A, Munroe DJ, Romano M: Promoting physical activity for persons with diabetes. Diabetes Educ 2010,36(1):132–140. 10.1177/0145721709352382PubMedCrossRef Diedrich A, Munroe DJ, Romano M: Promoting physical activity for persons with diabetes. Diabetes Educ 2010,36(1):132–140. 10.1177/0145721709352382PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Fontaine KR, Haaz S: Effects of lifestyle physical activity on health status, pain, and function in adults with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Musculoskeletal Pain 2007,15(1):3–9. 10.1300/J094v15n01_02CrossRef Fontaine KR, Haaz S: Effects of lifestyle physical activity on health status, pain, and function in adults with fibromyalgia syndrome. J Musculoskeletal Pain 2007,15(1):3–9. 10.1300/J094v15n01_02CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Puig-Ribera A, McKenna J, Gilson N, Brown WJ: Change in work day step counts, wellbeing and job performance in Catalan university employees: a randomised controlled trial. Promot Educ 2008,15(4):11–16. 10.1177/1025382308097693PubMedCrossRef Puig-Ribera A, McKenna J, Gilson N, Brown WJ: Change in work day step counts, wellbeing and job performance in Catalan university employees: a randomised controlled trial. Promot Educ 2008,15(4):11–16. 10.1177/1025382308097693PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Freak-Poli R, Wolfe R, Backholer K, de Courten M, Peeters A: Impact of a pedometer-based workplace health program on cardiovascular and diabetes risk profile. Prev Med 2011,53(3):162–171. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.06.005PubMedCrossRef Freak-Poli R, Wolfe R, Backholer K, de Courten M, Peeters A: Impact of a pedometer-based workplace health program on cardiovascular and diabetes risk profile. Prev Med 2011,53(3):162–171. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.06.005PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Thomas L, Williams M: Promoting physical activity in the workplace: using pedometers to increase daily activity levels. Health Promot J Austr 2006,17(2):97–102.PubMed Thomas L, Williams M: Promoting physical activity in the workplace: using pedometers to increase daily activity levels. Health Promot J Austr 2006,17(2):97–102.PubMed
63.
go back to reference Faghri PD, Omokaro C, Parker C, Nichols E, Gustavesen S, Blozie E: E-technology and pedometer walking program to increase physical activity at work. J Prim Prev 2008,29(1):73–91. 10.1007/s10935-007-0121-9PubMedCrossRef Faghri PD, Omokaro C, Parker C, Nichols E, Gustavesen S, Blozie E: E-technology and pedometer walking program to increase physical activity at work. J Prim Prev 2008,29(1):73–91. 10.1007/s10935-007-0121-9PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Gemson DH, Commisso R, Fuente J, Newman J, Benson S: Promoting weight loss and blood pressure control at work: impact of an education and intervention program. J Occup Environ Med 2008,50(3):272–281. 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318162f628PubMedCrossRef Gemson DH, Commisso R, Fuente J, Newman J, Benson S: Promoting weight loss and blood pressure control at work: impact of an education and intervention program. J Occup Environ Med 2008,50(3):272–281. 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318162f628PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Chan CB, Ryan DAJ, Tudor-Locke C: Health benefits of a pedometer-based physical activity intervention in sedentary workers. Prev Med 2004,39(6):1215–1222. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.053PubMedCrossRef Chan CB, Ryan DAJ, Tudor-Locke C: Health benefits of a pedometer-based physical activity intervention in sedentary workers. Prev Med 2004,39(6):1215–1222. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.053PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Ivanov Z, Ivanov M: Obesity, hypertension and the lumbar syndrome in workers at the Neoplanta Meat Plant in Novi Sad. Gojaznost, hipertenzija i lumbalni sindrom radnika ad “Neoplanta” industrija mesa Novi Sad 2000,53(5–6):297–300. Ivanov Z, Ivanov M: Obesity, hypertension and the lumbar syndrome in workers at the Neoplanta Meat Plant in Novi Sad. Gojaznost, hipertenzija i lumbalni sindrom radnika ad “Neoplanta” industrija mesa Novi Sad 2000,53(5–6):297–300.
67.
go back to reference McLean D, Cheng S, T Mannetje A, Woodward A, Pearce N: Mortality and cancer incidence in New Zealand meat workers. Occup Environ Med 2004,61(6):541–547. 10.1136/oem.2003.010587PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef McLean D, Cheng S, T Mannetje A, Woodward A, Pearce N: Mortality and cancer incidence in New Zealand meat workers. Occup Environ Med 2004,61(6):541–547. 10.1136/oem.2003.010587PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gøtzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, Elbourne D, Egger M, Altman DG: CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. J Clin Epidemiol 2010,63(8):e1-e37. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.004PubMedCrossRef Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gøtzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, Elbourne D, Egger M, Altman DG: CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. J Clin Epidemiol 2010,63(8):e1-e37. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.004PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Shephard RJ: PAR-Q, canadian home fitness test and exercise screening alternatives. Sports Med 1988,5(3):185–195. 10.2165/00007256-198805030-00005PubMedCrossRef Shephard RJ: PAR-Q, canadian home fitness test and exercise screening alternatives. Sports Med 1988,5(3):185–195. 10.2165/00007256-198805030-00005PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Hasegawa T, Suzukamo Y, Akizawa T, Fukuhara S: Validation of the Japanese SF-36 v2 acute form in patients with chronic kidney disease. Jpn J Nephrol 2008,50(1):42–50. Hasegawa T, Suzukamo Y, Akizawa T, Fukuhara S: Validation of the Japanese SF-36 v2 acute form in patients with chronic kidney disease. Jpn J Nephrol 2008,50(1):42–50.
71.
go back to reference McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Raczek AE: The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): II: psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 1993,31(3):247–263. 10.1097/00005650-199303000-00006PubMedCrossRef McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Raczek AE: The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): II: psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care 1993,31(3):247–263. 10.1097/00005650-199303000-00006PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Scott KM, Tobias MI, Sarfati D, Haslett SJ: SF-36 health survey reliability, validity and norms for New Zealand. Aust N Z J Public Health 1999,23(4):401–406. 10.1111/j.1467-842X.1999.tb01282.xPubMedCrossRef Scott KM, Tobias MI, Sarfati D, Haslett SJ: SF-36 health survey reliability, validity and norms for New Zealand. Aust N Z J Public Health 1999,23(4):401–406. 10.1111/j.1467-842X.1999.tb01282.xPubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Vincent SD, Sidman CL: Determining measurement error in digital pedometers. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci 2003,7(1):19–24. 10.1207/S15327841MPEE0701_2CrossRef Vincent SD, Sidman CL: Determining measurement error in digital pedometers. Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci 2003,7(1):19–24. 10.1207/S15327841MPEE0701_2CrossRef
74.
go back to reference Schneider PL, Crouter SE, Bassett DR Jr: Pedometer measures of free-living physical activity: comparison of 13 models. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004,36(2):331–335. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000113486.60548.E9PubMedCrossRef Schneider PL, Crouter SE, Bassett DR Jr: Pedometer measures of free-living physical activity: comparison of 13 models. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004,36(2):331–335. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000113486.60548.E9PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Grant PM, Dall PM, Mitchell SL, Granat MH: Activity-monitor accuracy in measuring step number and cadence in community-dwelling older adults. J Aging Phys Act 2008,16(2):201–214.PubMed Grant PM, Dall PM, Mitchell SL, Granat MH: Activity-monitor accuracy in measuring step number and cadence in community-dwelling older adults. J Aging Phys Act 2008,16(2):201–214.PubMed
76.
go back to reference Le Masurier GC, Tudor-locke C: Comparison of pedometer and accelerometer accuracy under controlled conditions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003,35(5):867–871. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000064996.63632.10PubMedCrossRef Le Masurier GC, Tudor-locke C: Comparison of pedometer and accelerometer accuracy under controlled conditions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003,35(5):867–871. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000064996.63632.10PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Kang M, Bassett DR, Barreira TV, Tudor-Locke C, Ainsworth BE: Measurement effects of seasonal and monthly variability on pedometer-determined data. J Phys Act Health 2012,9(3):336–343.PubMed Kang M, Bassett DR, Barreira TV, Tudor-Locke C, Ainsworth BE: Measurement effects of seasonal and monthly variability on pedometer-determined data. J Phys Act Health 2012,9(3):336–343.PubMed
78.
go back to reference Feito Y, Bassett DR, Thompson DL: Evaluation of activity monitors in controlled and free-living environments. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012,44(4):733–741. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182351913PubMedCrossRef Feito Y, Bassett DR, Thompson DL: Evaluation of activity monitors in controlled and free-living environments. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012,44(4):733–741. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182351913PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Le Masurier GC, Lee SM, Tudor-Locke C: Motion sensor accuracy under controlled and free-living conditions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004,36(5):905–910.PubMedCrossRef Le Masurier GC, Lee SM, Tudor-Locke C: Motion sensor accuracy under controlled and free-living conditions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004,36(5):905–910.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, et al.: International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003,35(8):1381–1395. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FBPubMedCrossRef Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, et al.: International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003,35(8):1381–1395. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FBPubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Papathanasiou G, Georgoudis G, Papandreou M, Spyropoulos P, Georgakopoulos D, Kalfakakou V, Evangelou A: Reliability measures of the short international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) in Greek young adults. Hellenic J Cardiol 2009,50(4):283–294.PubMed Papathanasiou G, Georgoudis G, Papandreou M, Spyropoulos P, Georgakopoulos D, Kalfakakou V, Evangelou A: Reliability measures of the short international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) in Greek young adults. Hellenic J Cardiol 2009,50(4):283–294.PubMed
82.
go back to reference Van Der Ploeg HP, Tudor-Locke C, Marshall AL, Craig C, Hagströmer M, Sjöström M, Bauman A: Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire for assessing walking. Res Q Exerc Sport 2010,81(1):97–101. 10.1080/02701367.2010.10599632PubMedCrossRef Van Der Ploeg HP, Tudor-Locke C, Marshall AL, Craig C, Hagströmer M, Sjöström M, Bauman A: Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire for assessing walking. Res Q Exerc Sport 2010,81(1):97–101. 10.1080/02701367.2010.10599632PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, Stewart SM: Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011,8(1):1–11. 10.1186/1479-5868-8-1CrossRef Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, Stewart SM: Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011,8(1):1–11. 10.1186/1479-5868-8-1CrossRef
84.
go back to reference Hill K, Wickerson LM, Woon LJ, Abady AH, Overend TJ, Goldstein RS, Brooks D: The 6-min walk test: responses in healthy Canadians aged 45 to 85 years. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011,36(5):643–649. 10.1139/h11-075PubMedCrossRef Hill K, Wickerson LM, Woon LJ, Abady AH, Overend TJ, Goldstein RS, Brooks D: The 6-min walk test: responses in healthy Canadians aged 45 to 85 years. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011,36(5):643–649. 10.1139/h11-075PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Soares MR, Pereira CAC: Six-minute walk test: reference values for healthy adults in Brazil. Teste de caminhada de seis minutes valores de referência para adultos saudáveis no Brasil 2011,37(5):576–583. Soares MR, Pereira CAC: Six-minute walk test: reference values for healthy adults in Brazil. Teste de caminhada de seis minutes valores de referência para adultos saudáveis no Brasil 2011,37(5):576–583.
86.
go back to reference Society AT: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002,1(166):111–117. Society AT: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002,1(166):111–117.
87.
go back to reference Alameri HF, Sanai FM, Al Dukhayil M, Azzam NA, Al-Swat KA, Hersi AS, Abdo AA: Six minute walk test to assess functional capacity in chronic liver disease patients. World J Gastroenterol 2007,13(29):3996–4001.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Alameri HF, Sanai FM, Al Dukhayil M, Azzam NA, Al-Swat KA, Hersi AS, Abdo AA: Six minute walk test to assess functional capacity in chronic liver disease patients. World J Gastroenterol 2007,13(29):3996–4001.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Enrichi PL, Sherrill DL: Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998,158(I):1384–1387. Enrichi PL, Sherrill DL: Reference equations for the six-minute walk in healthy adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998,158(I):1384–1387.
89.
go back to reference Marcus BH, Selby VC, Niaura RS, Rossi JS: Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change. Res Q Exerc Sport 1992,63(1):60–66. 10.1080/02701367.1992.10607557PubMedCrossRef Marcus BH, Selby VC, Niaura RS, Rossi JS: Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change. Res Q Exerc Sport 1992,63(1):60–66. 10.1080/02701367.1992.10607557PubMedCrossRef
90.
go back to reference Coleman A, Freeman P, Steel S, Shennan A: Validation of the Omron MX3 Plus oscillometric blood pressure monitoring device according to the European society of hypertension international protocol. Blood Pressure Monit 2005,10(3):165–168. 10.1097/00126097-200506000-00009CrossRef Coleman A, Freeman P, Steel S, Shennan A: Validation of the Omron MX3 Plus oscillometric blood pressure monitoring device according to the European society of hypertension international protocol. Blood Pressure Monit 2005,10(3):165–168. 10.1097/00126097-200506000-00009CrossRef
91.
go back to reference Ulbricht L, Neves EB, Ripka WL, Romaneli EFR: Comparison between body fat measurements obtained by portable ultrasound and caliper in young adults. : Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc; 2012:1952–1955. Ulbricht L, Neves EB, Ripka WL, Romaneli EFR: Comparison between body fat measurements obtained by portable ultrasound and caliper in young adults. : Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc; 2012:1952–1955.
92.
go back to reference Goacher PJ, Lambert R, Moffatt PG: Can weight-related health risk be more accurately assessed by BMI, or by gender specific calculations of percentage body fatness? Med Hypotheses 2012,79(5):656–662. 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.08.003PubMedCrossRef Goacher PJ, Lambert R, Moffatt PG: Can weight-related health risk be more accurately assessed by BMI, or by gender specific calculations of percentage body fatness? Med Hypotheses 2012,79(5):656–662. 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.08.003PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Durnin JVGA, Womersley J: Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr 1974,32(1):79–97. Durnin JVGA, Womersley J: Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr 1974,32(1):79–97.
94.
go back to reference Durnin JV, Rahaman MM: The assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. Br J Nutr 1967,21(3):681–689. 10.1079/BJN19670070PubMedCrossRef Durnin JV, Rahaman MM: The assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. Br J Nutr 1967,21(3):681–689. 10.1079/BJN19670070PubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Jane M, Zoe A: Paths to health pedometer pack: phase 1 and 2. Scotland: Genesis Strategic Management Consultants, University of Strathclyde; 2006. Jane M, Zoe A: Paths to health pedometer pack: phase 1 and 2. Scotland: Genesis Strategic Management Consultants, University of Strathclyde; 2006.
96.
go back to reference Tudor-Locke C, Ham SA, Macera CA, Ainsworth BE, Kirtland KA, Reis JP, Kimsey CD Jr: Descriptive epidemiology of pedometer-determined physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004,36(9):1567–1573. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000139806.53824.2EPubMedCrossRef Tudor-Locke C, Ham SA, Macera CA, Ainsworth BE, Kirtland KA, Reis JP, Kimsey CD Jr: Descriptive epidemiology of pedometer-determined physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004,36(9):1567–1573. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000139806.53824.2EPubMedCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Berlin JE, Storti KL, Brach JS: Using activity monitors to measure physical activity in free-living conditions. Phys Ther 2006,86(8):1137–1145.PubMed Berlin JE, Storti KL, Brach JS: Using activity monitors to measure physical activity in free-living conditions. Phys Ther 2006,86(8):1137–1145.PubMed
98.
go back to reference Clemes SA, Griffiths PL: How many days of pedometer monitoring predict monthly ambulatory activity in adults? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008,40(9):1589–1595. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318177eb96PubMedCrossRef Clemes SA, Griffiths PL: How many days of pedometer monitoring predict monthly ambulatory activity in adults? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008,40(9):1589–1595. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318177eb96PubMedCrossRef
99.
go back to reference Kubota A, Nagata J, Sugiyama M, Ishiduka K, Unno Y: [How many days of pedometer monitoring predict weekly physical activity in Japanese adults?]. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2009,56(11):805–810.PubMed Kubota A, Nagata J, Sugiyama M, Ishiduka K, Unno Y: [How many days of pedometer monitoring predict weekly physical activity in Japanese adults?]. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2009,56(11):805–810.PubMed
100.
go back to reference McDonough S, Tully M, O’Connor S, Boyd A, Kerr D, O’Neill S, Delitto A, Bradbury I, Tudor-Locke C, Baxter D, et al.: The Back 2 Activity Trial: education and advice versus education and advice plus a structured walking programme for chronic low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010, 11: R163. 10.1186/1471-2474-11-163CrossRef McDonough S, Tully M, O’Connor S, Boyd A, Kerr D, O’Neill S, Delitto A, Bradbury I, Tudor-Locke C, Baxter D, et al.: The Back 2 Activity Trial: education and advice versus education and advice plus a structured walking programme for chronic low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010, 11: R163. 10.1186/1471-2474-11-163CrossRef
101.
go back to reference Baumeister RF, Gailliot M, DeWall CN, Oaten M: Self-regulation and personality: how interventions increase regulatory success, and how depletion moderates the effects of traits on behavior. J Pers 2006,74(6):1773–1801. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00428.xPubMedCrossRef Baumeister RF, Gailliot M, DeWall CN, Oaten M: Self-regulation and personality: how interventions increase regulatory success, and how depletion moderates the effects of traits on behavior. J Pers 2006,74(6):1773–1801. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00428.xPubMedCrossRef
102.
go back to reference Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, Thompson PD, Bauman A: Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American college of sports medicine and the American heart association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007,39(8):1423–1434. 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27PubMedCrossRef Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, Thompson PD, Bauman A: Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American college of sports medicine and the American heart association. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007,39(8):1423–1434. 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Use of pedometer-driven walking to promote physical activity and improve health-related quality of life among meat processing workers: a feasibility trial
Authors
Suliman Mansi
Stephan Milosavljevic
Steve Tumilty
Paul Hendrick
G David Baxter
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1477-7525
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-185

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1/2013 Go to the issue