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Molecular Cancer
Published in: Molecular Cancer 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research

Podoplanin expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts enhances tumor progression of invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas

Authors: Koji Shindo, Shinichi Aishima, Kenoki Ohuchida, Kenji Fujiwara, Minoru Fujino, Yusuke Mizuuchi, Masami Hattori, Kazuhiro Mizumoto, Masao Tanaka, Yoshinao Oda

Published in: Molecular Cancer | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

Background

Interactions between cancer cells and surrounding cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in cancer progression. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the pancreas is characterized by abundant fibrous connective tissue called desmoplasia. Podoplanin (PDPN) is a lymphatic vessel marker (D2-40), and expression of PDPN by stromal CAFs has been reported to be a prognostic indicator in various types of cancer.

Methods

Expression of PDPN in pancreatic IDCs was assessed by immunohistochemical examination in 105 patients who underwent pancreatic resection. Primary CAFs were established from pancreatic cancer tissue obtained by surgery. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis were performed to investigate PDPN expression in CAFs. We sorted CAFs according to PDPN expression, and analyzed the functional differences between PDPN+ CAFs and PDPN– CAFs using indirect co-culture with pancreatic cancer cell lines. We also investigated the culture conditions to regulate PDPN expression in CAFs.

Results

PDPN expression in stromal fibroblasts was associated with lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.0461), vascular invasion (P = 0.0101), tumor size ≥3 cm (P = 0.0038), histological grade (P = 0.0344), Union for International Cancer Control classification T stage (P = 0.029), and shorter survival time (P < 0.0001). Primary CAFs showed heterogeneous PDPN expression in vitro. Moreover, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1 and SUIT-2) were associated with PDPN expression in CAFs (P < 0.01) and expression of CD10, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, and MMP3. In cultured CAFs, PDPN positivity changed over time under several conditions including co-culture with cancer cells, different culture media, and addition of growth factor.

Conclusions

PDPN-expressing CAFs enhance the progression of pancreatic IDC, and a high ratio of PDPN-expressing CAFs is an independent predictor of poor outcome. Understanding the regulation of the tumor microenvironment is an important step towards developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Metadata
Title
Podoplanin expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts enhances tumor progression of invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas
Authors
Koji Shindo
Shinichi Aishima
Kenoki Ohuchida
Kenji Fujiwara
Minoru Fujino
Yusuke Mizuuchi
Masami Hattori
Kazuhiro Mizumoto
Masao Tanaka
Yoshinao Oda
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Molecular Cancer / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1476-4598
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-12-168

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