Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research article

Nutrient- and non-nutrient-based natural health product (NHP) use in adults with mood disorders: prevalence, characteristics and potential for exposure to adverse events

Authors: Karen M Davison, Bonnie J Kaplan

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

To address knowledge gaps regarding natural health product (NHP) usage in mental health populations, we examined their use in adults with mood disorders, and explored the potential for adverse events.

Methods

Food and NHP intake was obtained from 97 adults with mood disorders. NHP data was used to compare prevalence with population norms (British Columbia Nutrition Survey; BCNS). Bivariate and regression analyses examined factors associated with NHP use. Assessment of potential adverse effects of NHP use was based on comparing nutrient intakes from food plus supplements with the Dietary Reference Intakes and by reviewing databases for reported adverse health effects.

Results

Two-thirds (66%; 95% CI 56 to 75) were taking at least one NHP; 58% (95% CI 47 to 68) were taking NHPs in combination with psychiatric medications. The proportion of each type of NHP used was generally higher than the BCNS (range of p’s < 0.05 to 0.0001). When intakes from food and NHP sources were combined, a small proportion exceeded any Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Levels: only for niacin (n = 17) and magnesium (n = 6), two nutrients for which the potential for adverse effects is minimal. Conversely, about 38% (95% CI 28 to 49) of the sample were taking a non-nutrient based NHP for which previous adverse events had been documented.

Conclusions

The prevalent use of NHPs in this population suggests that health care providers need to be knowledgeable about their characteristics. The efficacy and safety of NHPs in relation to mental health warrants further investigation.
Literature
1.
2.
Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, Appel S, Wilkey S, Van Rompay M, Kessler RC: Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results from a follow up national survey. JAMA. 1998, 280: 1569-1575. 10.1001/jama.280.18.1569.PubMed
3.
Thomas KJ, Nicholl JP, Coleman P: Use and expenditure on complementary medicine in England: a population based survey. Complement Ther Med. 2001, 9: 2-11. 10.1054/ctim.2000.0407.PubMed
4.
Ernst E: Prevalence of use of complementary/alternative medicine: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2000, 78: 252-257.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Simpson JE: Utilization patterns and trends. Health Policy Research Bulletin. 2003, 7: 9-13.
6.
Wahlström M, Sihvo S, Haukkala A, Kiviruusu O, Pirkola S, Isometsä E: Use of mental health services and complementary and alternative medicine in persons with common mental disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008, 118: 73-80. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01192.x.PubMed
7.
Barnes PM, Powell-Griner E, McFann K, Nahin RL: Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States, 2002. Advance data from vital and health statistics. 2004, Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics
8.
Unützer J, Klap R, Sturm R, Young AS, Marmon T, Shatkin J, Wells KB: Mental disorders and the use of alternative medicine: results from a national survey. Am J Psychiatry. 2000, 157: 1851-1857. 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1851.PubMed
9.
Kessler RC, Soukup J, Davis RB, Foster DF, Wilkey SA, Van Rompay MI, Eisenberg DM: The use of complementary and alternative therapies to treat anxiety and depression in the United States. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158: 289-294. 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.2.289.PubMed
10.
Wang J, Patten S, Russell M: Alternative medicine use by individuals with major depression. Can J Psychiatry. 2001, 46: 528-533.PubMed
11.
Assion HJ, Zarouchas I, Multamäki S, Zolotova J, Schröder SG: Patients’ use of alternative methods parallel to psychiatric therapy: does the migrational background matter. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007, 116: 220-225. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01010.x.PubMed
12.
Martin TG: Serotonin syndrome. Ann Emerg Med. 1996, 28: 520-526. 10.1016/S0196-0644(96)70116-6.PubMed
13.
World Alliance for Patient Safety: WHO Draft Guidelines for Adverse Event Reporting and Learning Systems from Information to Action. 2005, Geneva: WHO
14.
Bell I, Edman J, Morrow F, Marby DW, Perrone G, Kayne HL, Greenwald M, Cole JO: Vitamin B1, B2, and B6 augmentation of tricyclic antidepressant treatment in geriatric depression with cognitive dysfunction. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992, 11: 159-163.PubMed
15.
Sarris J, Kavanagh DJ, Byrne G: Adjuvant use of nutritional herbal medicines with antidepressants, mood stabilizers and benzodiazepines. J Psychiatr Res. 2010, 44: 32-41. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.06.003.PubMed
16.
Kaplan BJ, Simpson JSA, Ferre RC, Gorman CP, McMullen DM, Crawford SG: Effective mood stabilization in bipolar disorders with a chelated mineral supplement. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001, 62: 936-944. 10.4088/JCP.v62n1204.PubMed
17.
Sarris J, Mischoulon D, Schweitzer I: Adjunctive nutraceuticals with standard pharmacotherapies in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of clinical trials. Bipolar Disord. 2011, 13: 454-465. 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00945.x.PubMed
18.
Rosner B: Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 2004, Pacific Grove: Duxbury
19.
Barr SI: British Columbia Nutrition Survey: Report on Supplements. 2004, Victoria, BC: BC Ministry of Health Services
20.
First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition. (SCID-I/NP). 2001, New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute
21.
Jones SH, Thornicroft G, Coffey M, Dunn G: A brief mental health outcome scale-reliability and validity of the global assessment of functioning (GAF). Br J Psychiatry. 1995, 166 (5): 654-659. 10.1192/bjp.166.5.654.PubMed
22.
Hamilton M: A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1960, 23: 62-
23.
Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA: A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978, 133: 429-435. 10.1192/bjp.133.5.429.PubMed
24.
Davison KM, Kaplan BJ: Vitamin and mineral intakes in adults with mood disorders: comparisons to nutrition standards and associations with sociodemographic and clinical variables. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011, 30 (6): 547-558.PubMed
25.
BC Ministry of Health Services: British Columbia Nutrition Survey - Report on Energy and Nutrient Intakes. 2004, Victoria: British Columbia: Ministry of Health Services
26.
Institute of Medicine: Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. 2000, Washington: National Academies Press
27.
Sarkar U, Handley MA, Gupta R, Tang A, Murphy E, Seligman HK, Shojania KG, Schillinger D: What happens between visits? Adverse and potential adverse events among a low-income, urban, ambulatory population with diabetes. Qual Saf Health Care. 2010, 19 (3): 223-228. 10.1136/qshc.2008.029116.PubMed
28.
Hendler SS: Rorvik DR, eds: PDR for Nutritional Supplements. 2001, Montvale: Medical Economics Company, Inc.
29.
Flodin N: Pharmacology of micronutrients. 1988, New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc.
30.
Debourdeau PM, Djezzar S, Estival JL, Zammit CM, Richard RC, Castot AC: Life-threatening eosinophilic pleuropericardial effusion related to vitamins B5 and H. Ann Pharmacother. 2001, 35 (4): 424-426.PubMed
31.
32.
Markowitz JS, Carson WH, Jackson CW: Possible dihydroepiandrosterone-induced mania. Biol Psychiatry. 1999, 45: 241-242. 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00091-2.PubMed
33.
Johnson MD, Bebb RA, Sirrs SM: Uses of DHEA in aging and other disease states. Ageing Res Rev. 2002, 1: 29-41. 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00369-4.PubMed
34.
Grahame R, Robinson BV: Devil’s claw (Harpagohytum procumbens): pharmacological and clinical studies. Ann Rheum Dis. 1981, 40 (6): 632-10.1136/ard.40.6.632.PubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V: Traditional remedies and food supplements. A 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf. 1997, 17 (5): 342-356. 10.2165/00002018-199717050-00006.PubMed
36.
Belaiche P: Etude clinique de 630 cas d’artrose traits par le nebulisat aqueux d’Harpagophytum procumbens (Radix). Phytotherapy. 1982, 1: 22-28.
37.
Sood A, Sood R, Brinker FJ, Mann R, Loehrer LL, Wahner-Roedler DL: Potential for interactions between dietary supplements and prescription medications. Am J Med. 2008, 121 (3): 207-211. 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.11.014.PubMed
38.
Huntley AL, Thompson Coon J, Ernst E: The safety of herbal medicinal products derived from Echinacea species: a systematic review. Drug Saf. 2005, 28 (5): 387-400. 10.2165/00002018-200528050-00003.PubMed
39.
Anonymous: Immunallergische reaktionen nach Echinacea-estrakten (Echinacin, Exberitox N U.A.). Arnzei-telegramm. 1991, 39:
40.
Janes SE, Price CS, Thomas D: Essential oil poisoning: N-acetylcysteine for eugenol-induced hepatic failure and analysis of a national database. Eur J Pediatr. 2005, 164 (8): 520-522. 10.1007/s00431-005-1692-1.PubMed
41.
Vaddadi KS: The use of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid to differentiate between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia. Prostaglandins Med. 1982, 6 (4): 375-379.
42.
Murphy JJ, Heptinstall S, Mitchell JR: Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of feverfew in migraine prevention. Lancet. 1988, 2 (8604): 189-192.PubMed
43.
Awang DVC: Parthenocide: the demise of facile theory of feverfew activity. J Herbs Spices Med Plants. 1998, 5 (4): 95-98. 10.1300/J044v05n04_11.
44.
Johnson ES, Kadam NP, Hylands DM, Hylands PJ: Efficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine. BMJ. 1985, 291: 569-573. 10.1136/bmj.291.6495.569.PubMedPubMedCentral
45.
Sriramarao P, Rao PV: Allergenic cross-reactivity between Parthenium and ragweed pollen allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1993, 100 (1): 79-85. 10.1159/000236391.PubMed
46.
Stoll AL, Severus WE, Freeman MP, Rueter S, Zboyan HA, Diamond E, Cress KK, Marangell LB: Omega 3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999, 56: 407-412. 10.1001/archpsyc.56.5.407.PubMed
47.
Tarpila S, Kivinen A: Ground flaxseed is an effective hypolipidemic bulk laxative [published abstract]. Gastroenterology. 1997, 112: A836-
48.
Cunnane SC, Hamadeh MJ, Liede AC, Thompson LU, Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ: Nutritional attributes of traditional flaxseed in healthy young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995, 61 (1): 62-68.PubMed
49.
Alonso L, Marcos ML, Blanco JG, Navarro JA, Juste S, del Mar GM, Perez R, Carretero PJ: Anaphylaxis caused by linseed (flaxseed) intake. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996, 98 (2): 469-470. 10.1016/S0091-6749(96)70175-6.PubMed
50.
Lezaun A, Fraj J, Colas C, Duce F, Dominguez MA, Cuevas M, Eiras P: Anaphylaxis from linseed. Allergy. 1998, 53 (1): 105-106. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03785.x.PubMed
51.
Morbidoni L, Arterburn J, Young V, Mullins D, Mulrow C, Lawrence V: Garlic: Its history and adverse effects. J Herb Pharmacother. 2001, 1 (1): 63-83. 10.1080/J157v01n01_06.
52.
Rose KD, Croissant PD, Parliament CF, Levin MB: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with associated platelet dysfunction from excessive garlic ingestion: a case report. Neurosurgery. 1990, 26 (5): 880-882. 10.1227/00006123-199005000-00026.PubMed
53.
Ulbricht C, Chao W, Costa D, Rusie-Seamon E, Weissner W, Woods J: Clinical evidence of herb-drug interactions: a systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration. Curr Drug Metab. 2008, 9: 1063-1120. 10.2174/138920008786927785.PubMed
54.
Burkard G: The efficacy and safety of ginkgo biloba extract in dementia. Fortschr Med [Supp]. 1991, 109 (107): 6-8.
55.
Genest J, McPherson R, Frohlich J, Anderson T, Campbell N, Carpentier A, Couture P, Dufour R, Fodor G, Francis GA, Grover S, Gupta M, Hegele RA, Lau DC, Leiter L, Lewis GF, Lonn E, Mancini GB, Ng D, Pearson GJ, Sniderman A, Stone JA, Ur E: Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult - 2009 recommendations. Can J Cardiol. 2009, 25 (10): 567-579. 10.1016/S0828-282X(09)70715-9.PubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Tomb RR, Fossereau J, Sell Y: Mini-epidemic of contact dermatitis from ginkgo tree fruit (Ginkgo biloba L.). Contact Dermatitis. 1988, 19 (4): 281-283. 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02928.x.PubMed
57.
Becker LE, Skipworth GB: Ginkgo- tree dermatitis, stomatitis, and proctitis. JAMA. 1975, 231 (11): 1162-1163. 10.1001/jama.1975.03240230036017.PubMed
58.
Davydov L, Stirling AL: Stevens-Johnson syndrome with Ginkgo biloba. J Herb Pharmacother. 2001, 1 (3): 65-69. 10.1080/J157v01n03_06.
59.
Cohen AJ, Bartlik B: Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. J Sex Mar Ther. 1998, 24: 139-143. 10.1080/00926239808404927.
60.
Kudolo GB: The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in normal glucose tolerant individuals. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000, 40 (6): 647-654. 10.1177/00912700022009297.PubMed
61.
Winther KA, Randløv C, Rein E, Mehlsen J: Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cognitive function and blood pressure in elderly subjects. CTR. 1998, 59 (12): 881-888.
62.
Yoshioka M, Ohnishi N, Sone N, Egami S, Takara K, Yokoyama T, Kuroda K: Studies on interactions between functional foods or dietary supplements and medicine III. Effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract on the pharmacokinetics of nidedipine in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004, 27 (12): 2042-2045. 10.1248/bpb.27.2042.PubMed
63.
Yoshioka M, Ohnishi N, Koishi T, Obata Y, Nakagawa M, Matsumoto T, Tagagi K, Takara K, Ohkuni T, Yokoyama T, Kuroda K: Studies on interactions between functional food or dietary supplements and medicine IV. Effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine in healthy volunteers. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004, 27 (12): 2006-2009. 10.1248/bpb.27.2006.PubMed
64.
Coon JT, Ernst E: Panax ginseng: a systematic review of adverse effects and drug interactions. Drug Saf. 2002, 25 (5): 323-344. 10.2165/00002018-200225050-00003.PubMed
65.
Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY, Francis T, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Xu Z, Vidgen E: American ginseng Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Int Med. 2000, 160 (7): 1009-1013. 10.1001/archinte.160.7.1009.
66.
Janetzky K, Morreale AP: Probable interaction between warfarin and ginseng. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1997, 54 (6): 692-693.PubMed
67.
Cheng TO: Ginseng-warfarin interaction. ACC Curr J Rev. 2000, 9 (1): 84-10.1016/S1062-1458(99)00042-2.
68.
Ding DZ, Shen TK, Cui YZ: Effects of red ginseng on the congestive heart failure and its mechanism. Chin J Integr Med. 1995, 15 (6): 325-327.
69.
Lee YJ, Jin YR, Lim WC, Park WK, Cho JY, Hang S, Lee SK: Ginsenoside-Rb1 acts as a weak phytoestrogen in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2003, 26 (1): 58-63. 10.1007/BF03179933.PubMed
70.
Bae EA, Shin JE, Kim DH: Metabolism of ginsenoside Re by human intestinal microflora and its estrogenic effect. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005, 28 (10): 1903-1908. 10.1248/bpb.28.1903.PubMed
71.
Lee Y, Jin Y, Lim W, Ji S, Choi S, Jang S, Lee S: A ginsenoside-RH1, a component of ginseng saponin, activates estrogen receptor in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003, 84 (4): 464-468.
72.
Becker BN, Greene J, Evanson J, Chidsey G, Stone WJ: Ginseng-induced diuretic resistance. JAMA. 1996, 276 (8): 606-607.PubMed
73.
Jones BD, Runikis AM: Interaction of ginseng with phenelzine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1987, 7 (3): 201-202. 10.1097/00004714-198706000-00030.PubMed
74.
Fugh-Berman A: Herb-drug interactions. Lancet. 2000, 355 (9198): 134-138. 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)06457-0.PubMed
75.
Shader RI, Greenblatt DJ: Phenelzine and the dream machine—ramblings and reflections. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1985, 5 (2): 65-10.1097/00004714-198504000-00001.PubMed
76.
Smith M, Lin KM, Zheng YP: PIII-89 an open trial of nifedipine-herb interations: nifedipine with St. John’s wort, ginseng or ginkgo biloba. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001, 69: 86-
77.
Lam RW: Sleep disturbances and depression: a challenge for antidepressants. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006, 21: S25-S29. 10.1097/01.yic.0000195658.91524.61.PubMed
78.
Knapp HR: Dietary fatty acids in human thrombosis and hemostasis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997, 65 (5 Suppl): 1687S-1698S.PubMed
79.
Archer SL, Green D, Chamberlain M, Dyer AR, Liu K: Association of dietary fish and n-3 fatty acid intake with hemostatic factors in the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998, 18 (7): 1119-1123. 10.1161/01.ATV.18.7.1119.PubMed
80.
Weksler BB: Omega 3 fatty acids have multiple antithrombotic effects. World Rev Nutr Diet. 1994, 76: 47-50.PubMed
81.
Kromann N, Green A: Epidemiological studies in the Upernavik district, Greeland. Incidence of some chronic diseases 1950-1974. Acta Med Scand. 1980, 208 (5): 401-406.PubMed
82.
Stacpoole PW, Alig J, Ammon L, Crockett SE: Dose–response effects of dietary marine oil on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal subjects and patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Metabolism. 1989, 38 (10): 946-956. 10.1016/0026-0495(89)90004-8.PubMed
83.
Vanschoonbeek K, Feijge MA, Paquay M, Rosing J, Saris W, Kluft C, Giesen PL, de Maat MP, Heemskerk JW: Variable hypocoagulant effect of fish oil intake in humans: modulation of fibrinogen level and thrombin generation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004, 24 (9): 1734-1740. 10.1161/01.ATV.0000137119.28893.0b.PubMed
84.
Friedberg CE, Janssen MJ, Heine RJ, Grobbee DE: Fish oil and glycemic control in diabetes. A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 1998, 21 (4): 494-500. 10.2337/diacare.21.4.494.PubMed
85.
Montori VM, Farmer A, Wollan PC, Dinneen SF: Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2000, 23 (9): 1407-1415. 10.2337/diacare.23.9.1407.PubMed
86.
Goodnight SH, Harris WS, Connor WE: The effects of dietary omega 3 fatty acids on platelet composition and function in man: a prospective, controlled study. Blood. 1981, 58 (5): 880-885.PubMed
87.
von Houwelingen R, Nordøy A, van der Beek E, Houtsmuller U, de Metz M, Hornstra G: Effect of a moderate fish intake on blood pressure, bleeding time, haematology, and clinical chemistry in healthy males. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987, 46 (3): 424-436.PubMed
88.
Lorenz R, Spengler U, Fischer S, Duhm J, Weber PC: Platelet function, thromboxane formation and blood pressure control during supplementation of the Western diet with cod liver oil. Circulation. 1983, 67 (3): 504-511. 10.1161/01.CIR.67.3.504.PubMed
89.
Ahmed AA, Holub BJ: Alteration and recovery of bleeding times, platelet aggregation and fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids in platelets of human subjects receiving a supplement of cod-liver oil. Lipids. 1984, 19 (8): 617-624. 10.1007/BF02534720.PubMed
90.
Buckley MS, Goff AD, Knapp WE: Fish oil interaction with warfarin. Ann Pharmacother. 2004, 38 (1): 50-52.PubMed
91.
Kuhlmann J, Berger W, Podzuweit H, Schmidt U: The influence of valerian treatment on “reaction time, alertness, and concentration” in volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1999, 32: 235-241. 10.1055/s-2007-991100.PubMed
92.
Gerhard U, Linnenbrink N, Georghiadou C, Hobi V: Vigilanzmindernde Effekte zweier pfazlicher Schlafmittel (Effects of two plant-based sleep remedies on vigilance). Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1996, 85: 473-481.
93.
Kohnen R, Oswald WD: The effects of valerian, propranolol, and their combination on activation, performance, and mood of healthy volunteers under social stress conditions. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1988, 21: 447-448. 10.1055/s-2007-1017047.PubMed
94.
Boeters VU: On treatment of control disorders of the autonomic nervous system with valepotraten (Valmane). Munch Med Wochenschr. 1969, 37: 1873-1876.
95.
Leathwood PD, Chaufard F: Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man. Planta Med. 1985, 2: 144-148.PubMed
96.
Kamm-Kohl AV, Jansen W, Brockmann P: Moderne baldrian-therpie gegen nervose Storungen in Senium. Medwelt. 1984, 35: 1450-1454.
97.
Seifert T: Therapeutic effects of valerian in nervous disorders. Therapeutikon. 1988, 2: 94-98.
98.
Garges HP, Varia I, Doraiswamy PM: Cardiac complications and delerium associated with valerian root withdrawal. JAMA. 1998, 280: 1566-1567. 10.1001/jama.280.18.1566.PubMed
99.
MacGregor FB, Abernethy VE, Dahabra S, Cobden I, Hayes PC: Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies. BMJ. 1989, 299 (6708): 1156-1157. 10.1136/bmj.299.6708.1156.PubMedPubMedCentral
100.
Plushner SL: Valerian: Valeriana. Officinalis. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000, 57 (4): 328-333. 335PubMed
101.
Muller D, Pfeil T, von den Driesch V: Treating depression comorbid with anxiety-results of an open, practice-oriented study with St. John’s wort WS 5572 and valerian extract in high doses. Phytomedicine. 2003, 10 (Suppl 4): 25-30.PubMed
102.
Katzman MA, Jacobs L, Marcus M, Vermani M, Logan AC: Weight gain and psychiatric treatment: is there a role for green tea and conjugated linoleic acid?. Lipids Health Dis. 2007, 6: 14-10.1186/1476-511X-6-14.PubMedPubMedCentral
103.
Lipowski ZJ: Somatization: the concept and its clinical applications. Am J Psychiatry. 1988, 145: 1358-1368.PubMed
104.
Astin JA: Why patients use alternative medicine: results of a national study. JAMA. 1998, 279: 1548-1553. 10.1001/jama.279.19.1548.PubMed
105.
Balluz LS, Kieszak SM, Philen RM, Mulinare J: Vitamin and mineral supplement use in the United States. Arch Fam Med. 2000, 9: 258-262. 10.1001/archfami.9.3.258.PubMed
106.
Davison KM, Kaplan BJ: Nutrient intakes are correlated with overall psychiatric functioning in adults with mood disorders. Can J Psychiatry. 2012, 57 (2): 85-92.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Nutrient- and non-nutrient-based natural health product (NHP) use in adults with mood disorders: prevalence, characteristics and potential for exposure to adverse events
Authors
Karen M Davison
Bonnie J Kaplan
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-80

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2013 Go to the issue

Research article

Entada africana fraction CH2Cl2/MEOH 5% inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in microglia

Research article

The effectiveness of fermented turmeric powder in subjects with elevated alanine transaminase levels: a randomised controlled study

Research article

Patients’ expectations of private osteopathic care in the UK: a national survey of patients

Research article

Plant proteolytic enzyme papain abrogates angiogenic activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro

Research article

In vitro neuroprotective potential of four medicinal plants against rotenone-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

Research article

Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of selected Cameroonian edible plants