Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Palliative Care 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research article

Hope against hope: exploring the hopes and challenges of rural female caregivers of persons with advanced cancer

Authors: Allison Williams, Wendy Duggleby, Jeanette Eby, Reverend Dan Cooper, Lars K Hallstrom, Lorraine Holtslander, Roanne Thomas

Published in: BMC Palliative Care | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

This paper focuses on the qualitative component of a study evaluating a hope intervention, entitled Living with Hope Program (LWHP), designed to foster hope in female caregivers of family members living with advanced cancer. The purpose of this research is to share, in the form of a story, the experiences of rural female caregivers caring for family members with advanced cancer, focusing on what fosters their hope. Hope is a psychosocial and spiritual resource that has been found to help family caregivers live through difficult transitions and challenges.

Methods

Twenty-three participants from rural Western Canada completed daily journal entries documenting their hopes and challenges. Cortazzi’s (2001) method of narrative analysis was used to analyze the data, which was then transcribed into a narrative entitled ‘hope against hope.’

Results

The journal entries highlighted: the caregivers’ hopes and what fostered their hope; the various challenges of caregiving; self-care strategies, and; their emotional journey. Hope was integrated throughout their entire experience, and ‘hope against hope’ describes how hope persists even when there is no hope for a cure.

Conclusions

This research contributes to the assessment of caregiver interventions that impact hope and quality of life, while illustrating the value of a narrative approach to both research and practice. Journaling may be particularly valuable for rural caregivers who are isolated, and may lack direct professional and peer support. There is an opportunity for health professionals and other providers to foster a relationship of trust with family caregivers, in which their story can be told openly and where practitioners pay closer attention to the psychosocial needs of caregivers.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Williams A, Crooks VA: Introduction: space, place, and the geographies of women’s caregiving work. Gender, Place and Culture. 2008, 15 (3): 243-247. 10.1080/09663690801996254.CrossRef Williams A, Crooks VA: Introduction: space, place, and the geographies of women’s caregiving work. Gender, Place and Culture. 2008, 15 (3): 243-247. 10.1080/09663690801996254.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Carstairs S: Raising the bar: A roadmap for the future of palliative care in Canada. 2010, Senate of Canada: Ottawa Carstairs S: Raising the bar: A roadmap for the future of palliative care in Canada. 2010, Senate of Canada: Ottawa
3.
go back to reference Duggleby W, Holtslander L, Kylma J, Duncan V, Hammond C, Williams A: Metasynthesis of the hope experience of family caregivers of persons with chronic illness. Qual Health Res. 2010, 20 (2): 148-158. 10.1177/1049732309358329.CrossRefPubMed Duggleby W, Holtslander L, Kylma J, Duncan V, Hammond C, Williams A: Metasynthesis of the hope experience of family caregivers of persons with chronic illness. Qual Health Res. 2010, 20 (2): 148-158. 10.1177/1049732309358329.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Funk L, Stajduhar K, Toye C, Grande GE, Todd CJ: Part 2: Home-based family caregiving at the end of life: a comprehensive review of published qualitative research (1990–2008). Palliat Med. 2010, 24 (6): 594-607. 10.1177/0269216310371411.CrossRefPubMed Funk L, Stajduhar K, Toye C, Grande GE, Todd CJ: Part 2: Home-based family caregiving at the end of life: a comprehensive review of published qualitative research (1990–2008). Palliat Med. 2010, 24 (6): 594-607. 10.1177/0269216310371411.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Ferrell B: Ethical perspectives on pain and suffering. Pain Manag Nurs. 2005, 6 (3): 83-90. 10.1016/j.pmn.2005.06.001.CrossRefPubMed Ferrell B: Ethical perspectives on pain and suffering. Pain Manag Nurs. 2005, 6 (3): 83-90. 10.1016/j.pmn.2005.06.001.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Holtslander L, Duggleby W, Williams AM, Wright K: The experience of hope for informal caregivers of palliative patients. J Palliat Care. 2005, 21 (4): 285-291.PubMed Holtslander L, Duggleby W, Williams AM, Wright K: The experience of hope for informal caregivers of palliative patients. J Palliat Care. 2005, 21 (4): 285-291.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Harding R, Higginson IJ: What is the best way to help caregivers in cancer and palliative care? A systematic literature review of interventions and their effectiveness. Palliat Med. 2003, 17: 63-74. 10.1191/0269216303pm667oa.CrossRefPubMed Harding R, Higginson IJ: What is the best way to help caregivers in cancer and palliative care? A systematic literature review of interventions and their effectiveness. Palliat Med. 2003, 17: 63-74. 10.1191/0269216303pm667oa.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Duggleby W, Wright K, Williams AM, Degner L, Cammer A, Holtslander L: Developing a Living with Hope Program for caregivers of family members with advanced cancer. J Palliat Care. 2007, 23 (1): 24-31.PubMed Duggleby W, Wright K, Williams AM, Degner L, Cammer A, Holtslander L: Developing a Living with Hope Program for caregivers of family members with advanced cancer. J Palliat Care. 2007, 23 (1): 24-31.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Pennebaker J, Seagal J: Forming a story: the health benefits of narrative. J Clin Psychol. 1999, 55 (10): 1243-1254. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199910)55:10<1243::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-N.CrossRefPubMed Pennebaker J, Seagal J: Forming a story: the health benefits of narrative. J Clin Psychol. 1999, 55 (10): 1243-1254. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199910)55:10<1243::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-N.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Castleden H, Crooks V, Schuurman N, Hanlon L: “It’s not necessarily the distance on the map…”: Using place as an analytic tool to elucidate geographic issues central to rural palliative care. Health Place. 2010, 16: 284-290. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.10.011.CrossRefPubMed Castleden H, Crooks V, Schuurman N, Hanlon L: “It’s not necessarily the distance on the map…”: Using place as an analytic tool to elucidate geographic issues central to rural palliative care. Health Place. 2010, 16: 284-290. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.10.011.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Butler SS, Turner W, Kaye LW, Ruffin L, Downey R: Depression and caregiver burden among rural elder caregivers. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2005, 46 (1): 47-63. 10.1300/J083v46n01_04.CrossRefPubMed Butler SS, Turner W, Kaye LW, Ruffin L, Downey R: Depression and caregiver burden among rural elder caregivers. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2005, 46 (1): 47-63. 10.1300/J083v46n01_04.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Robinson CA, Pesut B, Bottorff JL: Issues in rural palliative care: views form the countryside. Journal of Rural Health. 2010, 26 (1): 78-84. 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00268.x.CrossRefPubMed Robinson CA, Pesut B, Bottorff JL: Issues in rural palliative care: views form the countryside. Journal of Rural Health. 2010, 26 (1): 78-84. 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00268.x.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Cohen SR, Leis AM, Kuhl D, Charbonneau C, Ritvo P, Ashbury FD: QOLLTI-F: measuring family carer quality of life. Palliat Med. 2006, 20: 755-767. 10.1177/0269216306072764.CrossRefPubMed Cohen SR, Leis AM, Kuhl D, Charbonneau C, Ritvo P, Ashbury FD: QOLLTI-F: measuring family carer quality of life. Palliat Med. 2006, 20: 755-767. 10.1177/0269216306072764.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Mangan PA, Taylor KL, Yabroff R, Fleming DA, Ingham JM: Caregiving near the end of life: Unmet needs and potential solutions. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2003, 1 (3): 247-259.CrossRefPubMed Mangan PA, Taylor KL, Yabroff R, Fleming DA, Ingham JM: Caregiving near the end of life: Unmet needs and potential solutions. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2003, 1 (3): 247-259.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Schulz R, Mendelsohn AB, Haley WE, Mahoney D, Allen RS, Zhang S, Thompson L, Belle SH: End-of-life care and the effects of bereavement on family caregivers of persons with dementia. N Engl J Med. 2003, 349 (20): 1936-1942. 10.1056/NEJMsa035373.CrossRefPubMed Schulz R, Mendelsohn AB, Haley WE, Mahoney D, Allen RS, Zhang S, Thompson L, Belle SH: End-of-life care and the effects of bereavement on family caregivers of persons with dementia. N Engl J Med. 2003, 349 (20): 1936-1942. 10.1056/NEJMsa035373.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Clemmer SJ, Ward-Griffin C, Forbes D: Family members providing home-based palliative care to older adults: the enactment of multiple roles. Can J Aging. 2008, 27 (3): 267-283. 10.3138/cja.27.3.285.CrossRefPubMed Clemmer SJ, Ward-Griffin C, Forbes D: Family members providing home-based palliative care to older adults: the enactment of multiple roles. Can J Aging. 2008, 27 (3): 267-283. 10.3138/cja.27.3.285.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Carretero S, Garcés J, Ródenas F, Sanjose V: The informal caregiver’s burden of dependent people: Theory and empirical review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009, 49 (1): 74-79. 10.1016/j.archger.2008.05.004.CrossRefPubMed Carretero S, Garcés J, Ródenas F, Sanjose V: The informal caregiver’s burden of dependent people: Theory and empirical review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009, 49 (1): 74-79. 10.1016/j.archger.2008.05.004.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Ostwald SK: Who is caring for the caregiver? Promoting spousal caregiver’s health. Family and Community Health. 2009, 32 (S1): S5-S14.CrossRefPubMed Ostwald SK: Who is caring for the caregiver? Promoting spousal caregiver’s health. Family and Community Health. 2009, 32 (S1): S5-S14.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Aoun SM, Kristjanson LJ, Currow DC, Hudson PL: Caregiving for the terminally ill: at what cost. Palliat Med. 2005, 19: 551-555. 10.1191/0269216305pm1053oa.CrossRefPubMed Aoun SM, Kristjanson LJ, Currow DC, Hudson PL: Caregiving for the terminally ill: at what cost. Palliat Med. 2005, 19: 551-555. 10.1191/0269216305pm1053oa.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Proot IM, Abu-Saad HH, Crebolder HFJM, Goldsteen M, Luker KA, Widdershoven GAM: Vulnerability of family caregivers in terminal palliative care at home; balancing between burden and capacity. Scand J Caring Sci. 2003, 17: 113-121. 10.1046/j.1471-6712.2003.00220.x.CrossRefPubMed Proot IM, Abu-Saad HH, Crebolder HFJM, Goldsteen M, Luker KA, Widdershoven GAM: Vulnerability of family caregivers in terminal palliative care at home; balancing between burden and capacity. Scand J Caring Sci. 2003, 17: 113-121. 10.1046/j.1471-6712.2003.00220.x.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Duggleby W, Wright K: Transforming hope: how elderly palliative patients’ live with hope. Can J Nurs Res. 2005, 37 (2): 70-84.PubMed Duggleby W, Wright K: Transforming hope: how elderly palliative patients’ live with hope. Can J Nurs Res. 2005, 37 (2): 70-84.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Wennman-Larsen A, Tishleman C: Advanced home care for cancer patients at the end of life: a qualitative study of hopes and expectations of family caregivers. Scand J Caring Sci. 2002, 16: 240-247. 10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00091.x.CrossRefPubMed Wennman-Larsen A, Tishleman C: Advanced home care for cancer patients at the end of life: a qualitative study of hopes and expectations of family caregivers. Scand J Caring Sci. 2002, 16: 240-247. 10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00091.x.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Duggleby W, Williams AM, Wright K, Bollinger J: Renewing everyday hope: family caregivers of persons with dementia. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2009, 30 (8): 514-521. 10.1080/01612840802641727.CrossRefPubMed Duggleby W, Williams AM, Wright K, Bollinger J: Renewing everyday hope: family caregivers of persons with dementia. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2009, 30 (8): 514-521. 10.1080/01612840802641727.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Irvin BL, Acton GJ: Stress, hope, and well-being of women caring for family members with Alzheimer’s disease. Holist Nurs Pract. 1997, 11 (2): 69-79. 10.1097/00004650-199701000-00010.CrossRefPubMed Irvin BL, Acton GJ: Stress, hope, and well-being of women caring for family members with Alzheimer’s disease. Holist Nurs Pract. 1997, 11 (2): 69-79. 10.1097/00004650-199701000-00010.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Holtslander L, Duggleby W: The hope experience of older bereaved women who cared for a spouse with terminal cancer. Qual Health Res. 2009, 19: 388-400. 10.1177/1049732308329682.CrossRefPubMed Holtslander L, Duggleby W: The hope experience of older bereaved women who cared for a spouse with terminal cancer. Qual Health Res. 2009, 19: 388-400. 10.1177/1049732308329682.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Kylma J: Dynamics of hope in adults living with HIV/AIDS: a substantive theory. J Adv Nurs. 2005, 52 (6): 620-630. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03633.x.CrossRefPubMed Kylma J: Dynamics of hope in adults living with HIV/AIDS: a substantive theory. J Adv Nurs. 2005, 52 (6): 620-630. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03633.x.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Herth K: Hope in the family caregiver of terminally ill people. J Adv Nurs. 1993, 18: 538-548. 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18040538.x.CrossRefPubMed Herth K: Hope in the family caregiver of terminally ill people. J Adv Nurs. 1993, 18: 538-548. 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18040538.x.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Duggleby W, Swindle J, Peacock S, Ghosh S: A mixed methods study of hope, transitions, and quality of life in family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease. BMC Geriatr. 2011, 11: 88-10.1186/1471-2318-11-88.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Duggleby W, Swindle J, Peacock S, Ghosh S: A mixed methods study of hope, transitions, and quality of life in family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease. BMC Geriatr. 2011, 11: 88-10.1186/1471-2318-11-88.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
go back to reference Borneman T, Stahl C, Ferrell B, Smith D: The concept of hope in family caregivers of cancer patients at home. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2002, 4 (1): 21-33. 10.1097/00129191-200201000-00012.CrossRef Borneman T, Stahl C, Ferrell B, Smith D: The concept of hope in family caregivers of cancer patients at home. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2002, 4 (1): 21-33. 10.1097/00129191-200201000-00012.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Duggleby W, Williams AM, Holtslander L, Cunningham S, Wright C: The chaos of caregiving and hope. Qual Soc Work. 2012, 11 (5): 459-469. 10.1177/1473325011404622.CrossRef Duggleby W, Williams AM, Holtslander L, Cunningham S, Wright C: The chaos of caregiving and hope. Qual Soc Work. 2012, 11 (5): 459-469. 10.1177/1473325011404622.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Duat R, Cleeland C: The prevalence and severity of pain in cancer. Cancer Pract. 1982, 50: 1913-1918.CrossRef Duat R, Cleeland C: The prevalence and severity of pain in cancer. Cancer Pract. 1982, 50: 1913-1918.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Foley K: Scope of the cancer pain problem. Management of Cancer Related Pain. Edited by: Arbit E. 1993, Mount Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing Company, INC Foley K: Scope of the cancer pain problem. Management of Cancer Related Pain. Edited by: Arbit E. 1993, Mount Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing Company, INC
35.
go back to reference Valdimardsottir U, Helgason AR, Furst C-J, Adolfsson J, Steineck G: The unrecognized cost of cancer patients' unrelieved symptoms: A nationwide follow-up of their surviving partners. Br J Cancer. 2002, 86: 1540-1545. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600271.CrossRef Valdimardsottir U, Helgason AR, Furst C-J, Adolfsson J, Steineck G: The unrecognized cost of cancer patients' unrelieved symptoms: A nationwide follow-up of their surviving partners. Br J Cancer. 2002, 86: 1540-1545. 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600271.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Bingley AF, Thomas C, Brown J, Reeve J, Payne S: Developing narrative research in supportive and palliative care: the focus on illness narratives. Palliat Med. 2008, 22: 653-658. 10.1177/0269216308089842.CrossRefPubMed Bingley AF, Thomas C, Brown J, Reeve J, Payne S: Developing narrative research in supportive and palliative care: the focus on illness narratives. Palliat Med. 2008, 22: 653-658. 10.1177/0269216308089842.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Charon R: Narrative medicine: a model for empathy, reflection, profession and trust. JAMA. 2001, 286 (15): 1897-1902. 10.1001/jama.286.15.1897.CrossRefPubMed Charon R: Narrative medicine: a model for empathy, reflection, profession and trust. JAMA. 2001, 286 (15): 1897-1902. 10.1001/jama.286.15.1897.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Sandelowski M: We are the stories we tell: narrative knowing in nursing practice. J Holist Nurs. 1994, 12 (1): 23-33. 10.1177/089801019401200105.CrossRefPubMed Sandelowski M: We are the stories we tell: narrative knowing in nursing practice. J Holist Nurs. 1994, 12 (1): 23-33. 10.1177/089801019401200105.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Thomas C, Reeve J, Bingley A, Brown J, Payne S, Lynch T: Narrative research methods in palliative care contexts: two case studies. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2009, 7 (5): 788-796.CrossRef Thomas C, Reeve J, Bingley A, Brown J, Payne S, Lynch T: Narrative research methods in palliative care contexts: two case studies. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2009, 7 (5): 788-796.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Southall DJ: Creating new worlds: the importance of narrative in palliative care. J Palliat Care. 2011, 27 (4): 310-314.PubMed Southall DJ: Creating new worlds: the importance of narrative in palliative care. J Palliat Care. 2011, 27 (4): 310-314.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Cortazzi M: Narrative analysis in ethnography. Handbook of ethnography. Edited by: Atkinson P, Coffey A, Delamont S, Lofland J, Lofland L. 2001, Oaks (CA): SAGE, 384-394.CrossRef Cortazzi M: Narrative analysis in ethnography. Handbook of ethnography. Edited by: Atkinson P, Coffey A, Delamont S, Lofland J, Lofland L. 2001, Oaks (CA): SAGE, 384-394.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Frank A: The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics. 1995, Chicago: University of Chicago PressCrossRef Frank A: The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics. 1995, Chicago: University of Chicago PressCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Glesne C: That rare feeling: representing research through poetic transcription. Qual Inq. 1997, 3 (2): 202-221. 10.1177/107780049700300204.CrossRef Glesne C: That rare feeling: representing research through poetic transcription. Qual Inq. 1997, 3 (2): 202-221. 10.1177/107780049700300204.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Frank A: The standpoint of storyteller. Qual Health Res. 2000, 10 (3): 354-365. 10.1177/104973200129118499.CrossRefPubMed Frank A: The standpoint of storyteller. Qual Health Res. 2000, 10 (3): 354-365. 10.1177/104973200129118499.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Morse J, Doberneck B: Delineating the concept of hope. J Nurs Scholarsh. 1995, 27 (4): 277-285.CrossRef Morse J, Doberneck B: Delineating the concept of hope. J Nurs Scholarsh. 1995, 27 (4): 277-285.CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Benzein E, Norberg A, Savemen B: The meaning of the lived experience of hope in patients with cancer in palliative home care. Palliat Med. 2001, 15: 117-226. 10.1191/026921601675617254.CrossRefPubMed Benzein E, Norberg A, Savemen B: The meaning of the lived experience of hope in patients with cancer in palliative home care. Palliat Med. 2001, 15: 117-226. 10.1191/026921601675617254.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Folkman S: Stress, Coping and Hope. Psychological Aspects of Cancer. Edited by: Carr BI, Steel J. 2013, New York: NY: Springer, 119-127.CrossRef Folkman S: Stress, Coping and Hope. Psychological Aspects of Cancer. Edited by: Carr BI, Steel J. 2013, New York: NY: Springer, 119-127.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Stajduhar K, Martin WL, Barwucg D, Fyles G: Factors influencing family caregivers’ ability to cope when providing end of life cancer care at home. Cancer Nurs. 2008, 31 (1): 77-85. 10.1097/01.NCC.0000305686.36637.b5.CrossRefPubMed Stajduhar K, Martin WL, Barwucg D, Fyles G: Factors influencing family caregivers’ ability to cope when providing end of life cancer care at home. Cancer Nurs. 2008, 31 (1): 77-85. 10.1097/01.NCC.0000305686.36637.b5.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Neimeyer RA: Reauthoring life narratives: grief therapy as meaning reconstruction. Israel Journal of Psychiatry. 2001, 38: 171-183. Neimeyer RA: Reauthoring life narratives: grief therapy as meaning reconstruction. Israel Journal of Psychiatry. 2001, 38: 171-183.
50.
go back to reference Grbich C, Parker D, Maddocks I: The emotions and coping strategies of family members with a terminal cancer. J Palliat Care. 2001, 17 (1): 30-36.PubMed Grbich C, Parker D, Maddocks I: The emotions and coping strategies of family members with a terminal cancer. J Palliat Care. 2001, 17 (1): 30-36.PubMed
51.
go back to reference Henriksson A, Benzein E, Ternestedt B, Andershed B: Meeting needs of family members of persons with life-threatening illness: a support group program during ongoing palliative care. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2001, 9: 263-271.CrossRef Henriksson A, Benzein E, Ternestedt B, Andershed B: Meeting needs of family members of persons with life-threatening illness: a support group program during ongoing palliative care. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2001, 9: 263-271.CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Rabow M, Hauser JM, Adams J: Supporting family caregivers at the end of life: "they don't know what they don't know". JAMA. 2004, 291 (4): 483-491. 10.1001/jama.291.4.483.CrossRefPubMed Rabow M, Hauser JM, Adams J: Supporting family caregivers at the end of life: "they don't know what they don't know". JAMA. 2004, 291 (4): 483-491. 10.1001/jama.291.4.483.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Senn LC: The Many Faces Of Journaling: Topics &: Techniques For Personal Journal Writing. 2008, Saint Louis, MO: Pen Central Press Senn LC: The Many Faces Of Journaling: Topics &: Techniques For Personal Journal Writing. 2008, Saint Louis, MO: Pen Central Press
54.
go back to reference Giesbrecht M, Crooks VA, Williams A, Hankivsky O: Critically examining diversity in end-of-life family caregiving: implications for equitable caregiver support and Canada’s Compassionate Care Benefit. Int J Equity Health. 2012, 11: 65-82. 10.1186/1475-9276-11-65.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Giesbrecht M, Crooks VA, Williams A, Hankivsky O: Critically examining diversity in end-of-life family caregiving: implications for equitable caregiver support and Canada’s Compassionate Care Benefit. Int J Equity Health. 2012, 11: 65-82. 10.1186/1475-9276-11-65.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Hope against hope: exploring the hopes and challenges of rural female caregivers of persons with advanced cancer
Authors
Allison Williams
Wendy Duggleby
Jeanette Eby
Reverend Dan Cooper
Lars K Hallstrom
Lorraine Holtslander
Roanne Thomas
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Palliative Care / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1472-684X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-684X-12-44

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

BMC Palliative Care 1/2013 Go to the issue