Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Study protocol

The effect of posterior and lateral approach on patient-reported outcome measures and physical function in patients with osteoarthritis, undergoing total hip replacement: a randomised controlled trial protocol

Authors: Signe Rosenlund, Leif Broeng, Carsten Jensen, Anders Holsgaard-Larsen, Søren Overgaard

Published in: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Total hip replacement provides pain relief and improves physical function and quality of life in patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis. The incidence of hip replacement operations is expected to increase due to the growing elderly population. Overall, the posterior approach and lateral approach are the two most commonly used approaches for hip replacement operations. The posterior approach is associated with an increased risk of revision due to dislocations, and some studies have shown that the lateral approach is associated with reduced patient-reported outcomes, including physical function and pain; however, this has not been investigated in a randomised controlled trial with a twelve-month follow-up. We hypothesized that the lateral approach has an inferior outcome in patient-reported outcome compared with the posterior approach after one year.

Methods/Design

The trial is a prospective, double blinded, parallel-group controlled trial with balanced randomisation [1: 1]. Patients with hip osteoarthritis scheduled for hip replacement surgery, aged 45–70 years, will be consecutively recruited and randomised into two groups. Group A will receive hip replacement using the posterior approach, and Group B will receive hip replacement using the lateral approach. The primary end-point for assessing the outcome of the two interventions will be twelve months after surgery. Follow-up will also be performed after three and six months. The primary outcome is Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, subscale of "Physical function Short form" (HOOS-PS) Secondary outcome measures include two other subscales of HOOS ("Pain" and "Hip related Quality of Life"), physical activity level (UCLA activity score), limping (HHS) and general health status (EQ-5D-3L). Explorative outcomes include physical function test, 3D-gait-analysis and muscle strength.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is the first randomised controlled trial comparing the posterior approach with the lateral approach with patient reported outcome as the primary outcome and with a twelve-month follow-up.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrial.gov:NCT01616667.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Ethgen O, Bruyere O, Richy F, Dardennes C, Reginster JY: Health-related quality of life in total hip and total knee arthroplasty. A qualitative and systematic review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004, 86-A: 963-974.PubMed
2.
Nilsdotter AK, Petersson IF, Roos EM, Lohmander LS: Predictors of patient relevant outcome after total hip replacement for osteoarthritis: a prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003, 62: 923-930. 10.1136/ard.62.10.923.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
3.
4.
5.
Havelin LI, Fenstad AM, Salomonsson R, Mehnert F, Furnes O, Overgaard S, Pedersen AB, Herberts P, Karrholm J, Garellick G: The Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association: a unique collaboration between 3 national hip arthroplasty registries with 280,201 THRs. Acta Orthop. 2009, 80: 393-401. 10.3109/17453670903039544.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Palan J, Beard DJ, Murray DW, Andrew JG, Nolan J: Which approach for total hip arthroplasty: anterolateral or posterior?. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009, 467: 473-477. 10.1007/s11999-008-0560-5.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Jolles BM, Bogoch ER: Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD003828
8.
Arthursson AJ, Furnes O, Espehaug B, Havelin LI, Soreide JA: Prosthesis survival after total hip arthroplasty–does surgical approach matter? Analysis of 19,304 Charnley and 6,002 Exeter primary total hip arthroplasties reported to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Acta Orthop. 2007, 78: 719-729. 10.1080/17453670710014482.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Hailer NP, Weiss RJ, Stark A, Karrholm J: The risk of revision due to dislocation after total hip arthroplasty depends on surgical approach, femoral head size, sex, and primary diagnosis. Acta Orthop. 2012, 83: 442-448. 10.3109/17453674.2012.733919.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Pellicci PM, Bostrom M, Poss R: Posterior approach to total hip replacement using enhanced posterior soft tissue repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998, 355: 224-228.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Smith AJ, Wylde V, Berstock JR, Maclean AD, Blom AW: Surgical approach and patient-reported outcomes after total hip replacement. Hip Int. 2012, 22 (4): 355-361. 10.5301/HIP.2012.9455.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Edmunds CT, Boscainos PJ: Effect of surgical approach for total hip replacement on hip function using Harris Hip scores and Trendelenburg’s test. A retrospective analysis. Surgeon. 2011, 9: 124-129. 10.1016/j.surge.2010.08.014.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Masonis JL, Bourne RB: Surgical approach, abductor function, and total hip arthroplasty dislocation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002, 405: 46-53.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Mulliken BD, Rorabeck CH, Bourne RB, Nayak N: A modified direct lateral approach in total hip arthroplasty: a comprehensive review. J Arthroplasty. 1998, 13: 737-747. 10.1016/S0883-5403(98)90024-9.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Gore DR, Murray MP, Sepic SB, Gardner GM: Anterolateral compared to posterior approach in total hip arthroplasty: differences in component positioning, hip strength, and hip motion. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982, 165: 180-187.PubMed
16.
Baker AS, Bitounis VC: Abductor function after total hip replacement. An electromyographic and clinical review. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1989, 71: 47-50.PubMed
17.
Madsen MS, Ritter MA, Morris HH, Meding JB, Berend ME, Faris PM, Vardaxis VG: The effect of total hip arthroplasty surgical approach on gait. J Orthop Res. 2004, 22: 44-50. 10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00151-7.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Witzleb WC, Stephan L, Krummenauer F, Neuke A, Gunther KP: Short-term outcome after posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty - A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2009, 14: 256-263. 10.1186/2047-783X-14-6-256.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, Gotzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, Elbourne D, Egger M, Altman DG: CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ. 2010, 340: c869-10.1136/bmj.c869.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Hoppenfeld S, de Boer P, Buckley R: The Hip. Surgical Exposures in Orthopaedics the Anatomic Approach. 2009, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 403-462. 4
21.
Davis AM, Perruccio AV, Canizares M, Tennant A, Hawker GA, Conaghan PG, Roos EM, Jordan JM, Maillefert JF, Dougados M, Lohmander LS: The development of a short measure of physical function for hip OA HOOS-Physical Function Shortform (HOOS-PS): an OARSI/OMERACT initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008, 16: 551-559. 10.1016/j.joca.2007.12.016.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Thorborg K, Roos EM, Bartels EM, Petersen J, Holmich P: Validity, reliability and responsiveness of patient-reported outcome questionnaires when assessing hip and groin disability: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2010, 44: 1186-1196. 10.1136/bjsm.2009.060889.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Nilsdotter AK, Lohmander LS, Klassbo M, Roos EM: Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS)–validity and responsiveness in total hip replacement. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2003, 4: 10-10.1186/1471-2474-4-10.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Davis AM, Perruccio AV, Canizares M, Hawker GA, Roos EM, Maillefert JF, Lohmander LS: Comparative, validity and responsiveness of the HOOS-PS and KOOS-PS to the WOMAC physical function subscale in total joint replacement for osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009, 17: 843-847. 10.1016/j.joca.2009.01.005.CrossRefPubMed
25.
de Groot IB, Reijman M, Terwee CB, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Favejee M, Roos EM, Verhaar JA: Validation of the Dutch version of the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007, 15: 104-109. 10.1016/j.joca.2006.06.014.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Beyer N, Thorborg K, Vinther A: Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Danish Version of the Hip Dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score 2.0 (HOOS 2.0). 2008, [http://​koos.​nu/​index.​html],
27.
Brooks R: EuroQol: the current state of play. Health Policy. 1996, 37: 53-72. 10.1016/0168-8510(96)00822-6.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Fransen M, Edmonds J: Reliability and validity of the EuroQol in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999, 38: 807-813. 10.1093/rheumatology/38.9.807.CrossRef
29.
Ashby E, Grocott MP, Haddad FS: Outcome measures for orthopaedic interventions on the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008, 90: 545-549.CrossRefPubMed
30.
van Agt HM, Essink-Bot ML, Krabbe PF, Bonsel GJ: Test-retest reliability of health state valuations collected with the EuroQol questionnaire. Soc Sci Med. 1994, 39: 1537-1544. 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90005-1.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Harrison MJ, Davies LM, Bansback NJ, Ingram M, Anis AH, Symmons DP: The validity and responsiveness of generic utility measures in rheumatoid arthritis: a review. J Rheumatol. 2008, 35: 592-602.PubMed
32.
Tidermark J, Bergstrom G, Svensson O, Tornkvist H, Ponzer S: Responsiveness of the EuroQol (EQ 5-D) and the SF-36 in elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. Qual Life Res. 2003, 12: 1069-1079. 10.1023/A:1026193812514.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Paulsen A, Pedersen AB, Overgaard S, Roos EM: Feasibility of 4 patient-reported outcome measures in a registry setting. Acta Orthop. 2012, 83: 321-327. 10.3109/17453674.2012.702390.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
35.
Terwee CB, Bouwmeester W, van Elsland SL, de Vet HC, Dekker J: Instruments to assess physical activity in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a systematic review of measurement properties. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011, 19: 620-633. 10.1016/j.joca.2011.01.002.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Naal FD, Impellizzeri FM, Leunig M: Which is the best activity rating scale for patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty?. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009, 467: 958-965. 10.1007/s11999-008-0358-5.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Beaule PE, Dorey FJ, Hoke R, Le DM, Amstutz HC: The value of patient activity level in the outcome of total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2006, 21: 547-552. 10.1016/j.arth.2005.09.004.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Soderman P, Malchau H: Is the Harris hip score system useful to study the outcome of total hip replacement?. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001, 384: 189-197.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Villadsen A, Roos EM, Overgaard S, Holsgaard-Larsen A: Agreement and reliability of functional performance and muscle power in patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012, 91: 401-410. 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182465ed0.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Podsiadlo D, Richardson S: The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991, 39: 142-148.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Yeung TS, Wessel J, Stratford PW, MacDermid JC: The timed up and go test for use on an inpatient orthopaedic rehabilitation ward. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008, 38: 410-417. 10.2519/jospt.2008.2657.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Mizner RL, Petterson SC, Clements KE, Zeni JA, Irrgang JJ, Snyder-Mackler L: Measuring functional improvement after total knee arthroplasty requires both performance-based and patient-report assessments: a longitudinal analysis of outcomes. J Arthroplasty. 2011, 26: 728-737. 10.1016/j.arth.2010.06.004.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Kennedy DM, Stratford PW, Wessel J, Gollish JD, Penney D: Assessing stability and change of four performance measures: a longitudinal study evaluating outcome following total hip and knee arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005, 6: 3-10.1186/1471-2474-6-3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Wright AA, Cook CE, Baxter GD, Dockerty JD, Abbott JH: A comparison of 3 methodological approaches to defining major clinically important improvement of 4 performance measures in patients with hip osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011, 41: 319-327. 10.2519/jospt.2011.3515.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Dobson F, Hinman RS, Hall M, Terwee CB, Roos EM, Bennell KL: Measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in hip and knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012, 20: 1548-1562. 10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.015.CrossRefPubMed
46.
Jones CJ, Rikli RE, Beam WC: A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1999, 70: 113-119. 10.1080/02701367.1999.10608028.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Gill S, McBurney H: Reliability of performance-based measures in people awaiting joint replacement surgery of the hip or knee. Physiother Res Int. 2008, 13: 141-152. 10.1002/pri.411.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Bremander AB, Dahl LL, Roos EM: Validity and reliability of functional performance tests in meniscectomized patients with or without knee osteoarthritis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007, 17: 120-127.PubMed
49.
Hardcastle P, Nade S: The significance of the Trendelenburg test. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985, 67: 741-746.PubMed
50.
Kendall KD, Patel C, Wiley JP, Pohl MB, Emery CA, Ferber R: Steps towards the validation of the Trendelenburg test: the effect of experimentally reduced hip abductor muscle function on frontal plane mechanics. Clin J Sport Med. 2012
51.
Kendall KD, Schmidt C, Ferber R: The relationship between hip-abductor strength and the magnitude of pelvic drop in patients with low back pain. J Sport Rehabil. 2010, 19: 422-435.PubMed
52.
Bergmann TF, Peterson DH, Lawrence DJ: Extraspinal Techniques. Chiropractic Techniques. 1993, New York: Churchill Livingstone Inc
53.
Poulsen E, Christensen HW, Penny JO, Overgaard S, Vach W, Hartvigsen J: Reproducibility of range of motion and muscle strength measurements in patients with hip osteoarthritis - an inter-rater study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012, 13: 242-10.1186/1471-2474-13-242.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Schwartz MH, Rozumalski A: The Gait Deviation Index: a new comprehensive index of gait pathology. Gait Posture. 2008, 28: 351-357. 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.05.001.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Pospischill M, Kranzl A, Attwenger B, Knahr K: Minimally invasive compared with traditional transgluteal approach for total hip arthroplasty: a comparative gait analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010, 92: 328-337.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Foucher KC, Hurwitz DE, Wimmer MA: Preoperative gait adaptations persist one year after surgery in clinically well-functioning total hip replacement patients. J Biomech. 2007, 40: 3432-3437. 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.05.020.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Molloy M, McDowell BC, Kerr C, Cosgrove AP: Further evidence of validity of the Gait Deviation Index. Gait Posture. 2010, 31: 479-482. 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.01.025.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Jensen C, Aagaard P, Overgaard S: Recovery in mechanical muscle strength following resurfacing vs standard total hip arthroplasty - a randomised clinical trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011, 19: 1108-1116. 10.1016/j.joca.2011.06.011.CrossRefPubMed
59.
60.
Perron M, Malouin F, Moffet H, McFadyen BJ: Three-dimensional gait analysis in women with a total hip arthroplasty. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2000, 15: 504-515. 10.1016/S0268-0033(00)00002-4.CrossRef
61.
Burden AM, Trew M, Baltzopoulos V: Normalisation of gait EMGs: a re-examination. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2003, 13: 519-532. 10.1016/S1050-6411(03)00082-8.CrossRefPubMed
62.
Burden A: How should we normalize electromyograms obtained from healthy participants? What we have learned from over 25 years of research. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2010, 20: 1023-1035. 10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.07.004.CrossRefPubMed
63.
Bergh I, Sjostrom B, Oden A, Steen B: An application of pain rating scales in geriatric patients. Aging (Milano). 2000, 12: 380-387.
64.
Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, Abramson S, Altman RD, Arden N, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Brandt KD, Croft P, Doherty M, Dougados M, Hochberg M, Hunter DJ, Kwoh K, Lohmander LS, Tugwell P: OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008, 16: 137-162. 10.1016/j.joca.2007.12.013.CrossRefPubMed
65.
Paulsen A, Overgaard S, Lauritsen JM: Quality of data entry using single entry, double entry and automated forms processing-an example based on a study of patient-reported outcomes. PLoS One. 2012, 7: e35087-10.1371/journal.pone.0035087.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
66.
Ehrich EW, Davies GM, Watson DJ, Bolognese JA, Seidenberg BC, Bellamy N: Minimal perceptible clinical improvement with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index questionnaire and global assessments in patients with osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2000, 27: 2635-2641.PubMed
67.
Roos EM, Lohmander LS: The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS): from joint injury to osteoarthritis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003, 1: 64-10.1186/1477-7525-1-64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
68.
Terwee CB, Roorda LD, Knol DL, De Boer MR, De Vet HC: Linking measurement error to minimal important change of patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009, 62: 1062-1067. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.10.011.CrossRefPubMed
69.
70.
Frison L, Pocock SJ: Repeated measures in clinical trials: analysis using mean summary statistics and its implications for design. Stat Med. 1992, 11: 1685-1704. 10.1002/sim.4780111304.CrossRefPubMed
71.
Cimolin V, Galli M, Vimercati SL, Albertini G: Use of the Gait Deviation Index for the assessment of gastrocnemius fascia lengthening in children with Cerebral Palsy. Res Dev Disabil. 2011, 32: 377-381. 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.10.017.CrossRefPubMed
72.
Rosenlund S, Nielsen DB, Overgaard S, Jensen C, Holsgaard-Larsen A: Is gait velocity and gait quality associated with hip muscle strength in hip osteoarthritis patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty?. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014, 22: S116-S117.CrossRef
73.
Rabe-Hesketh S, Skrondal A: Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling using Stata. Edited by: Newton HJ. 2008, Texas: Stata Press, 2
74.
75.
76.
Rantanen T, Avlund K, Suominen H, Schroll M, Frandin K, Pertti E: Muscle strength as a predictor of onset of ADL dependence in people aged 75 years. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2002, 14: 10-15.PubMed
77.
Bellamy N, Kirwan J, Boers M, Brooks P, Strand V, Tugwell P, Altman R, Brandt K, Dougados M, Lequesne M: Recommendations for a core set of outcome measures for future phase III clinical trials in knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis. Consensus development at OMERACT III. J Rheumatol. 1997, 24: 799-802.PubMed
78.
Kiyama T, Naito M, Shinoda T, Maeyama A: Hip abductor strengths after total hip arthroplasty via the lateral and posterolateral approaches. J Arthroplasty. 2010, 25: 76-80. 10.1016/j.arth.2008.11.001.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Klausmeier V, Lugade V, Jewett BA, Collis DK, Chou LS: Is there faster recovery with an anterior or anterolateral THA? A pilot study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010, 468: 533-541. 10.1007/s11999-009-1075-4.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Rasch A, Dalen N, Berg HE: Muscle strength, gait, and balance in 20 patients with hip osteoarthritis followed for 2 years after THA. Acta Orthop. 2010, 81: 183-188. 10.3109/17453671003793204.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
81.
Downing ND, Clark DI, Hutchinson JW, Colclough K, Howard PW: Hip abductor strength following total hip arthroplasty: a prospective comparison of the posterior and lateral approach in 100 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 2001, 72: 215-220. 10.1080/00016470152846501.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Beaulieu ML, Lamontagne M, Beaule PE: Lower limb biomechanics during gait do not return to normal following total hip arthroplasty. Gait Posture. 2010, 32: 269-273. 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.05.007.CrossRefPubMed
83.
Ewen AM, Stewart S, St Clair GA, Kashyap SN, Caplan N: Post-operative gait analysis in total hip replacement patients-a review of current literature and meta-analysis. Gait Posture. 2012, 36: 1-6. 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.12.024.CrossRefPubMed
84.
Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG, Schulz KF, Ravaud P: Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2008, 148: 295-309. 10.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00008.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
The effect of posterior and lateral approach on patient-reported outcome measures and physical function in patients with osteoarthritis, undergoing total hip replacement: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors
Signe Rosenlund
Leif Broeng
Carsten Jensen
Anders Holsgaard-Larsen
Søren Overgaard
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-354

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 1/2014 Go to the issue

Case report

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) presenting as diffuse myositis

Research article

The discriminative ability of FRAX, the WHO algorithm, to identify women with prevalent asymptomatic vertebral fractures: a cross-sectional study

Research article

Enhanced collagen type I synthesis by human tenocytes subjected to periodic in vitro mechanical stimulation

Research article

Characterization of GLPG0492, a selective androgen receptor modulator, in a mouse model of hindlimb immobilization

Research article

Pain medication management of musculoskeletal conditions at first presentation in primary care: analysis of routinely collected medical record data

Research article

Type 2 diabetes seems not to be a risk factor for the carpal tunnel syndrome: a case control study