Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Incidence and risk factors for AIDS-related mortality in HIV patients in China: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Hui Zheng, Lu Wang, Peng Huang, Jessie Norris, Qing Wang, Wei Guo, Zhihang Peng, Rongbin Yu, Ning Wang

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

To estimate the incidence and risk factors for mortality in HIV-1-infected patients in China.

Methods

Information on AIDS-related deaths was collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System and AIDS Prevention and Control Information System.

Results

A total of 379,348 HIV cases were recorded in the databases from 2006. Among those, 138,288 patients were reported as having developed AIDS and 72,616 (19%) died of AIDS after data was extracted from the databases in January 2011. Mortality was higher among those patients aged 50 years old or older (AOR: 3.41, CI: 1.47-7.91) who had been infected by intravenous drug use (AOR: 1.65, CI: 1.28-2.14) or blood transfusion/donation (AOR: 2.18: 1.18-3.99). Compared to patients who had not initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), those who had initiated HAART were more likely to have a long interval of time between infection confirmation and AIDS-related death.

Conclusions

The effective reduction of AIDS mortality could be improved through timely treatment.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
2.
Jiang ZS, Jiang JN: Research progress in death risk factors of HIV infector and AIDS patients. Inter J Epidemiol Infect Dis. 2012, 39 (1): 63-67.
3.
Walensky RP, Wood R, Weinstein MC, Martinson NA, Losina E, Fofana MO, Goldie SJ, Divi N, Yazdanpanah Y, Wang B, Paltiel AD, Freedberg KA: Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: the impact of speed on survival. J Infect Dis. 2008, 197 (9): 1324-1332.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, Aschman DJ, Holmberg SD: Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998, 338 (13): 853-860.CrossRefPubMed
5.
The Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration: Life expectancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries: a collaborative analysis of 14 cohort studies. Lancet. 2008, 372 (9635): 293-299.CrossRefPubMedCentral
6.
Sungkanuparph S, Chakriyanuyok T, Butthum B: Antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients with CMV disease: impact on the survival and long-term treatment outcome. J Infect. 2008, 56 (1): 40-43.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Detels R, Tarwater P, Phair JP, Margolick J, Riddler SA, Munoz A: Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapies on the incidence of opportunistic infections before and after AIDS diagnosis. AIDS. 2001, 15 (3): 347-355.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Palella JF, Chmiel JS, Moorman AC, Holmberg SD: Durability and predictors of success of highly active antiretroviral therapy for ambulatory HIV-infected patients. AIDS. 2002, 16 (12): 1617-1626.CrossRef
9.
Moore RD, Chaisson RE: Natural history of HIV infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 1999, 13 (14): 1933-1942.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Mocroft A, Ledergerber B, Katlama C, Kirk O, Reiss P, D’Arminio MA, Knysz B, Dietrich M, Phillips AN, Lundgren JD: Decline in the AIDS and death rates in the EuroSIDA study: an observational study. Lancet. 2003, 362 (9377): 22-29.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Porter K, Babiker A, Bhaskaran K, Darbyshire J, Pezzotti P, Walker AS: Determinants of survival following HIV-1 seroconversion after the introduction of HAART. Lancet. 2003, 362 (9392): 1267-1274.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Palella FJ, Baker RK, Moorman AC, Chmiel JS, Wood KC, Brooks JT, Holmberg SD: Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006, 43 (1): 27-34.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Bozzette SA, Joyce G, Mccaffrey DF, Leibowitz AA, Morton SC, Berry SH, Rastegar A, Timberlake D, Shapiro MF, Goldman DP: Expenditures for the care of HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344 (11): 817-823.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Egger M, May M, Chene G, Phillips AN, Ledergerber B, Dabis F, Costagliola D, D’Arminio MA, de Wolf F, Reiss P, Lundgren JD, Justice AC, Staszewski S, Leport C, Hogg RS, Sabin CA, Gill MJ, Salzberger B, Sterne JA: Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies. Lancet. 2002, 360 (9327): 119-129.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Mocroft A, Brettle R, Kirk O, Blaxhult A, Parkin JM, Antunes F, Francioli P, D’Arminio MA, Fox Z, Lundgren JD: Changes in the cause of death among HIV positive subjects across Europe: results from the EuroSIDA study. AIDS. 2002, 16 (12): 1663-1671.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Murphy EL, Collier AC, Kalish LA, Assmann SF, Para MF, Flanigan TP, Kumar PN, Mintz L, Wallach FR, Nemo GJ: Highly active antiretroviral therapy decreases mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced HIV disease. Ann Intern Med. 2001, 135 (1): 17-26.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zhang F, Dou Z, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Bulterys M, Chen RY: Five-year outcomes of the China National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program. Ann Intern Med. 2009, 151 (4): 241-251. 52CrossRefPubMed
18.
Fleishman JA, Hellinger FH: Recent trends in HIV-related inpatient admissions 1996–2000: a 7-state study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003, 34 (1): 102-110.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Hogg RS, Yip B, Chan KJ, Wood E, Craib KJ, O’Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JS: Rates of disease progression by baseline CD4 cell count and viral load after initiating triple-drug therapy. JAMA. 2001, 286 (20): 2568-2577.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Jian L, Ye M, Fu-Jie Z: HIV antiretroviral therapy mode and the current situation in China. Chin J AIDS STD (In Chinese). 2012, 18 (10): 711-714.
21.
Dai Y, Qiu ZF, Li TS, Han Y, Zuo LY, Xie J, Ma XJ, Liu ZY, Wang AX: Clinical outcomes and immune reconstitution in 103 advanced AIDS patients undergoing 12-month highly active antiretroviral therapy. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (20): 1677-1682.
22.
Etard JF, Ndiaye I, Thierry-Mieg M, Gueye NF, Gueye PM, Laniece I, Dieng AB, Diouf A, Laurent C, Mboup S, Sow PS, Delaporte E: Mortality and causes of death in adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Senegal: a 7-year cohort study. AIDS. 2006, 20 (8): 1181-1189.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Seyler C, Anglaret X, Dakoury-Dogbo N, Messou E, Toure S, Danel C, Diakite N, Daudie A, Inwoley A, Maurice C, Tonwe-Gold B, Rouet F, N’Dri-Yoman T, Salamon R: Medium-term survival, morbidity and immunovirological evolution in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. Antivir Ther. 2003, 8 (5): 385-393.PubMed
24.
Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Myer L, Orrell C, Wood R: Cryptococcocal immune reconstitution disease: a major cause of early mortality in a South African antiretroviral programme. AIDS. 2005, 19 (17): 2050-2052.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Lawn SD, Myer L, Bekker LG, Wood R: Burden of tuberculosis in an antiretroviral treatment programme in sub-Saharan Africa: impact on treatment outcomes and implications for tuberculosis control. AIDS. 2006, 20 (12): 1605-1612.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Wanyenze RK, Kamya MR, Fatch R, Mayanja-Kizza H, Baveewo S, Sawires S, Bangsberg DR, Coates T, Hahn JA: Missed opportunities for HIV testing and late-stage diagnosis among HIV-infected patients in Uganda. PLoS One. 2011, 6 (7): e21794-CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Hosegood V, Vanneste AM, Timaeus IM: Levels and causes of adult mortality in rural South Africa: the impact of AIDS. AIDS. 2004, 18: 663-671.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China: Estimated that China’s AIDS epidemic in 2011. Chin J AIDS STD. 2012, 18 (1): 1-5.
29.
Wang L, Qin QQ, Ding ZW, Li PL, Hei FX, Wang LY, Chen FF: Current case reporting of HIV/AIDS epidemic in China. Chin J AIDS STD. 2011, 17 (3): 275-278.
30.
Zhang FJ, Dou ZH, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao DC, Zhou ST, Marc B, Zhu H, Chen RY: Effect of earlier initiation of antiretroviral treatment and increased treatment coverage on HIV-related mortality in China: a national observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011, 11 (7): 516-524.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Janssen W, Trubner K, Puschel K: Death caused by drug addiction: a review of the experiences in Hamburg and the situation in the Federal Republic of Germany in comparison with the literature. Forensic Sci Int. 1989, 43 (3): 223-237.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Krentz HB, Kliewer G, Gill MJ: Changing mortality rates and causes of death for HIV-infected individuals living in Southern Alberta, Canada from 1984 to 2003. HIV Med. 2005, 6 (2): 99-106.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zhang FJ, Dou ZH, Yu L, Xu JH, Jiao JH, Wang N, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Zhao HX, Chen RY: The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on mortality among HIV-infected former plasma donors in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2008, 47 (6): 825-833.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Dou ZH, Chen RY, Wang Z, Ji GP, Peng GP, Qiao XC, Fu JH, Meng XD, Bulterys M, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Wang N, Zhang FJ: HIV-infected former plasma donors in rural Central China: from infection to survival outcomes, 1985–2008. PLoS One. 2010, 5 (10): e13737-CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Wu Z, Xu J, Liu E, Mao Y, Xiao Y, Sun X, Liu Y, Jiang Y, McGoogan JM, Dou Z, Mi G, Wang N, Sun J, Liu Z, Wang L, Rou K, Pang L, Xing W, Xu J, Wang S, Cui Y, Li Z, Bulterys M, Lin W, Zhao J, Yip R, Wu Y, Hao Y, Wang Y: HIV and syphilis prevalence among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional survey of 61 cities in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2013, 58 (6): 298-309.CrossRef
36.
Guo H, Wei JF, Yang H, Huan X, Tsui SK, Zhang C: Rapidly increasing prevalence of HIV and syphilis and HIV-1 subtype characterization among men who have sex with men in Jiangsu, China. Sex Transm Dis. 2009, 36: 120-125.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Mocroft A, Vella S, Benfield TL, Chiesi A, Miller V, Gargalianos P, d'Arminio Monforte A, Yust I, Bruun JN, Phillips AN, Lundgren JD: Changing patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1. EuroSIDA Study Group. Lancet. 1998, 352: 1725-1730.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Smit C, Geskus R, Uitenbroek D, Mulder D, Van den Hoek A, Coutinho RA, Prins M: Declining AIDS mortality in Amsterdam: contributions of declining HIV incidence and effective therapy. Epidemiology. 2004, 15: 536-542.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Keiser O, Taffe P, Zwahlen M, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Weber R, Rickenbach M: All cause mortality in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 1990 to 2001 in comparison with the Swiss population. AIDS. 2004, 18: 1835-1843.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Detels R, Munoz A, McFarlane G, Kingsley LA, Margolick JB, Giorgi J, Schrager LK, Phair JP: Effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy on time to AIDS and death in men with known HIV infection duration. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Investigators. JAMA. 1998, 280: 1497-1503.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Jiang HY, Fu J, Liu JH, Gong JP, Lu FB: Qualitative study of AIDS-related discrimination among the people with HIV/AIDS. Mod Prev Med (In Chinese). 2010, 37 (5): 867-875.
42.
Holtgrave DR: Causes of the decline in AIDS deaths, United States, 1995–2002: prevention, treatment or both. Int J STD AIDS. 2005, 16 (12): 777-781.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Li TS: How to improve the anti-HIV treatment success in China. Natl Med J China. 2011, 91 (21): 1441-1442.
Metadata
Title
Incidence and risk factors for AIDS-related mortality in HIV patients in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors
Hui Zheng
Lu Wang
Peng Huang
Jessie Norris
Qing Wang
Wei Guo
Zhihang Peng
Rongbin Yu
Ning Wang
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-831

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

BMC Public Health 1/2014 Go to the issue

Research article

The longitudinal exercise trend among older Swedes aged 53–84 years – a 16-year follow-up study

Research article

Physicians’ perceived barriers to management of sexually transmitted infections in Vietnam

Research article

No increase in new users of blood glucose-lowering drugs in Norway 2006–2011: a nationwide prescription database study

Research article

An examination of the demographic predictors of adolescent breakfast consumption, content, and context

Study protocol

“Together at school” - a school-based intervention program to promote socio-emotional skills and mental health in children: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

Research article

Is the association between high strain work and depressive symptoms modified by private life social support: a cohort study of 1,074 Danish employees?