Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Risk behaviors and sports facilities do not explain socioeconomic differences in childhood obesity: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Romana Albaladejo, Rosa Villanueva, Lourdes Navalpotro, Paloma Ortega, Paloma Astasio, Enrique Regidor

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

To assess whether the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic context of residence and childhood obesity is explained by family socioeconomic position, risk behaviors and availability of sports facilities.

Methods

Based on the income and educational level of residents in the neighborhoods of the city of Madrid, two indicators of socioeconomic context were calculated using the information about income and education and grouped into quartiles. In a sample of 727 children aged 6–15 years, the relationship of these indicators with overweight and obesity was studied using multilevel logit models.

Results

With respect to children and adolescents living in neighborhoods having higher per capita incomes or higher population percentages with university education those living in neighborhoods having lower per capita incomes or lower population percentages with university education had age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of overweight that were 1.84 (95% CI, 1.03-3.29) and 1.68 (0.95-2.94) times higher, respectively. After adjustment for family socioeconomic position, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity, these ORs fell to 1.80 (0.99-3.29) and 1.56 (0.87-2.79), respectively. In the case of obesity, the age- and sex-adjusted ORs in these quartiles of both indicators of socioeconomic context were 3.35 (1.06-10.60) and 3.29 (1.03-10.52), respectively, rising to 3.77 (1.12-12.70) and 3.42 (1.00-11.68) after adjustment for the remaining variables. The highest OR was observed in the third quartile, except in the case of the relationship between per capita income and obesity. No relationship between the number of sport facilities per 1,000 population and physical inactivity was observed.

Conclusion

The socioeconomic context is associated with obesity but not with overweight children in Madrid. The relationship is not explained by family socioeconomic position, risk behaviors and availability of sports facilities.
Literature
1.
Veitch J, Van Stralen MM, Chinapaw MJM, te Velde SJ, Crawford D, Salmon J, Timperio A: The neighborhood social environment and body mass index among youth: a mediation analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012, 9: 31-10.1186/1479-5868-9-31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Singh GK, Kogan MD, van Dyck P: A multilevel analysis of state and regional disparities in childhood and adolescent obesity in the United States. J Community Health. 2008, 33: 90-102. 10.1007/s10900-007-9071-7.CrossRefPubMed
3.
El-Sayed AM, Scarborough P, Galea S: Unevenly distributed: a systematic review of the heath literature about socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in the United Kingdom. BMC Public Health. 2012, 12: 18-10.1186/1471-2458-12-18.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
4.
Macintyre S: Deprivation amplification revisited; or, is it always true that poorer places have poorer access to resources for healthy diets and physical activity?. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007, 4: 32-10.1186/1479-5868-4-32.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Janssen I, Boyce WF, Simpson K, Pickett W: Influence of individual and area level measures of socioeconomic status on obesity, unhealthy eating, and physical inactivity in Canadian adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006, 83: 139-145.PubMed
6.
Oliver LN, Hayes MV: Neighbourhood socio-economic status and the prevalence of overweight Canadian children and youth. Can J Public Health. 2005, 96: 415-420.PubMed
7.
Singh GK, Siahpush M, Kogan MD: Neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environments and childhood obesity. Health Aff. 2010, 29: 503-512. 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0730.CrossRef
8.
Grow HMG, Cook AJ, Arteburn DE, Saelens BE, Drewnowski A, Lozano P: Child obesity associated with social disadvantage of children's neighbourhoods. Soc Sci Med. 2010, 71: 584-591. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.018.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Harrington DW, Elliott SJ: Weighing the importance of neighbourhood: a multilevel exploration of the determinants of overweight and obesity. Soc Sci Med. 2009, 68: 593-600. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.11.021.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Michimi A, Wimberly MC: Natural environments, obesity and physical activity in nonmetropolitan areas of the United States. J Rural Health. 2012, 28: 398-407. 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2012.00413.x.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Navalpotro L, Regidor E, Ortega P, Martínez D, Villanueva R, Astasio P: Area-based socioeconomic environment, obesity risk behaviours, area facilities and childhood overweight and obesity. Socioeconomic environment and childhood overweight. Prev Med. 2012, 55: 102-107. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.05.012.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Nelson NM, Woods CD: Obesogenic environments: are neighbourhood environments that limit physical activity obesogenic?. Health Place. 2009, 15: 917-924. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.02.001.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Townshend T, Lake AA: Obesogenic urban form: theory, police and practice. Health Place. 2009, 15: 909-916. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.12.002.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Lawrence DF, Couch SC, Zhou CH, Colburn T, Cain KE, Chapman J, Glanz K: Am J Prev Med. 2012, 42: e57-e64. 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.008.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
Smoyer-Tomic KE, Spence JC, Raine KD, Amrhein C, Cameron N, Yasenovsky V, Cutumisu N, Hemphill E, Healy J: The association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets. Health Place. 2008, 14: 740-754. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.12.001.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Li F, Harmer P, Cardinal DJ, Bosworth M, Johson-Shelton D: Obesity and the built environment: does the density of neighbourhood fast-food outlets matter?. Am J Health Promot. 2009, 23: 203-209. 10.4278/ajhp.071214133.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Boone-Heinonen J, Gordon-Larsen P: Obesogenic environments in youth. Concepts and methods from a longitudinal national sample. Am J Prev Med. 2012, 42: e37-e46. 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
van Lenthe FJ, Brug J, MacKenbach JP: Neighbourhood inequalities in physical inactivity: the role of neighbourhood attractiveness proximity to local facilities and safety in the Netherlands. Soc Sci Med. 2005, 60: 763-775. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.013.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Casey R, Chaix B, Weber C, Schweitzer B, Charreire H, Saize P, Badariotti D, Banos A, Oppert JM, Simon C: Spatial accessibility to physical activity facilities and to food outlets and overweight in French youth. Int J Obes. 2012, 36: 914-919. 10.1038/ijo.2012.10.CrossRef
20.
Leal C, Bean K, Thomas F, Chaix B: Multicollinearity in associations between multiple environmental features and body weight and abdominal fat: using matching techniques to assess whether the associations are separable. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175: 1152-1162. 10.1093/aje/kwr434.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Duarte-Salles T, Pasarín MI, Borrell C, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Rajmil L, Ferrer M, Pellisé F, Balagué F: Social inequalities in heath among adolescents in a large southern European city. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011, 65: 166-2012. 10.1136/jech.2009.090100. 173CrossRefPubMed
22.
Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH: Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity world-wide. International survey. BMJ. 2000, 320: 1240-1245. 10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Lasheras L, Aznar S, Merino B, López EG: Factors associated with physical activity among Spanish youth through the National Health Survey. Prev Med. 2001, 32: 455-464. 10.1006/pmed.2001.0843.CrossRefPubMed
24.
25.
26.
S.A.S. Institute Inc.: System for Windows V8. 1999, Cary: SAS Institute Inc.
27.
Carter MA, Dubois L: Neighbourhoods and child adiposity: a critical appraisal of the literature. Health Place. 2010, 16: 616-628. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.12.012.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Wolf SH: Future health consequences of the current decline in US family income. JAMA. 2007, 298: 1931-1933. 10.1001/jama.298.16.1931.CrossRef
29.
Chen E, Paterson LQ: Neighborhood, family and subjective socioeconomic status: how do they relate to adolescent health?. Health Psychol. 2006, 25: 704-714.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Krimbo RT, Brooks-Gunn J, McLanahan S: Young children in urban areas: links among neighbourhood characteristics, weight status, outdoor play and television watching. Soc Sci Med. 2011, 72: 668-676. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.015.CrossRef
31.
Sturm R, Cohen DA: Zoning for health? The year-old ban on new fast-food restaurants in south LA. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009, 28: w1088-w1097. 10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.w1088.CrossRef
32.
Larson NI, Story MT, Nelson MC: Neighborhood environments: disparities in access to healthy foods in the U.S. Am J Prev Med. 2009, 36: 74-81. 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.025.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Cummins S, McKay L, Macintyre S: McDonald's restaurants and neighbourhood deprivation in Scotland and England?. Am J Prev Med. 2005, 29: 308-310. 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.011.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Mcdonald L, Cummins S, Macintyre S: Neighbourhood fast food environment and area deprivation-substitution or concentration?. Appetite. 2007, 49: 251-254. 10.1016/j.appet.2006.11.004.CrossRef
35.
Casey R, Oppert JM, Weber C, Charreire H, Salze P, Badariotti D, Banos A, Fischler C, Giacoman Hernandez C, Chaix B, Simon C: Determinants of childhood obesity: what can we learn from built environment studies?. Food Qual Prefer. 2011, doi:10.1016/j.foodquai.2011.06.003. e-pub ahead of print 22 June 2011
36.
Beenackers MA, Kamphuis CBN, Giskes K, Brug J, Kunst AE, Burdorf A, Van Lenthe FJ: Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time and transport-related physical activity among European adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012, 9: 116-10.1186/1479-5868-9-116.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Kirby J, Levin KA, Inchley J: Associations between the school environment and adolescent girls' physical activity. Health Educ Res. 2012, 27: 101-114. 10.1093/her/cyr090.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Binns HJ, Forman JA, Karr CJ, Osterhoudt K, Paulson JA, Roberts JR, Sandel MT, Seltzer JM, Wright RO: The built environment: designing communities to promote physical activity in children. Pediatrics. 2009, 123: 1591-1598.CrossRef
39.
Veugelers PJ, Sithole F, Zhang S, Muhajarine N: Neighborhood characteristics in relation to diet, physical activity and overweight in Canadian children. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2008, 3: 152-159. 10.1080/17477160801970278.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Davidson Z, Simen-Kapeu A, Veugelers PJ: Neighborhood determinants of self-efficacy, physical activity, and body weights among Canadian children. Health Place. 2010, 16: 567-572. 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.01.001.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Slater SJ, Ewing R, Powell LM, Chaloupka FJ, Johnston LLD, O'Malley PM: The association between community physical activity settings and youth physical activity, obesity and BMI. J Adolesc Health. 2010, 47: 496-503. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.03.017.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Risk behaviors and sports facilities do not explain socioeconomic differences in childhood obesity: a cross-sectional study
Authors
Romana Albaladejo
Rosa Villanueva
Lourdes Navalpotro
Paloma Ortega
Paloma Astasio
Enrique Regidor
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1181

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

BMC Public Health 1/2014 Go to the issue

Research article

Identifying barriers to chronic disease reporting in Chicago Public Schools: a mixed-methods approach

Research article

Effectiveness of a school-community linked program on physical activity levels and health-related quality of life for adolescent girls

Study protocol

Multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating implementation of a fire prevention Injury Prevention Briefing in children’s centres: study protocol

Research article

Population attributable fraction of type 2 diabetes due to physical inactivity in adults: a systematic review

Research article

Factors affecting food handling Practices among food handlers of Dangila town food and drink establishments, North West Ethiopia

Research article

Faith and HIV prevention: the conceptual framing of HIV prevention among Pentecostal Batswana teenagers