Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Research article

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults: a systematic review

Authors: Fernanda de Carvalho Vidigal, Josefina Bressan, Nancy Babio, Jordi Salas-Salvadó

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This syndrome increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. It has been demonstrated that the prevalence of MS is increasing worldwide. Despite the importance of MS in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, few studies have described the prevalence of MS and its determinants in Latin America. The present study aims to assess studies describing the prevalence of MS in Brazil in order to determine the global prevalence of the syndrome and its components.

Methods

Systematic review. Searches were carried out in PubMed and Scielo from the earliest available online indexing year through May 2013. There were no restrictions on language. The search terms used to describe MS were taken from the PubMed (MeSH) dictionary: “metabolic syndrome x”, “prevalence” and “Brazil”. Studies were included if they were cross-sectional, described the prevalence of MS and were conducted in apparently healthy subjects, from the general population, 19-64 years old (adult and middle aged) of both genders. The titles and abstracts of all the articles identified were screened for eligibility.

Results

Ten cross-sectional studies were selected. The weighted mean for general prevalence of MS in Brazil was 29.6% (range: 14.9%-65.3%). Half of the studies used the criteria for clinical diagnosis of MS proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) (2001). The highest prevalence of MS (65.3%) was found in a study conducted in an indigenous population, whereas the lowest prevalence of MS (14.9%) was reported in a rural area. The most frequent MS components were low HDL-cholesterol (59.3%) and hypertension (52.5%).

Conclusions

Despite methodological differences among the studies selected, our findings suggested a high prevalence of MS in the Brazilian adult population.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, Fruchart J-C, James WPT, Loria CM, Smith SC: Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; national heart, lung, and blood institute; american heart association; world heart federation; international atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity. Circulation. 2009, 120 (16): 1640-1645. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE, Erwin PJ, Gami LA, Somers VK, Montori VM: Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007, 49 (4): 403-414. 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.09.032.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão, Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes, Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos da Obesidade: I Diretriz brasileira de diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome metabólica. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2005, 84: 3-28.
4.
5.
Salaroli LB, Barbosa GC, Mill JG, Molina MCB: Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em estudo de base populacional, Vitória, ES–Brasil. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007, 51 (7): 1143-1152.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Bullon P, Morillo JM, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Quiles JL, Newman HN, Battino M: Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: is oxidative stress a common link?. J Dent Res. 2009, 88 (6): 503-518. 10.1177/0022034509337479.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Beltrán-Sánchez H, Harhay MO, Harhay MM, McElligott S: Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome in the adult US population, 1999-2010. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013, 62 (8): 697-703. 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.064.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Aguilar-Salinas CA, Rojas R, Gómez-Pérez FJ, Valles V, Ríos-Torres JM, Franco A, Olaiz G, Rull JA, Sepúlveda J: High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mexico. Arch Med Res. 2004, 35 (1): 76-81. 10.1016/j.arcmed.2003.06.006.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Florez H, Silva E, Fernández V, Ryder E, Sulbarán T, Campos G, Calmón G, Clavel E, Castillo-Florez S, Goldberg R: Prevalence and risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in white, black, Amerindian and mixed hispanics in Zulia State, Venezuela. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005, 69 (1): 63-77. 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.11.018.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Medina-Lezama J, Zea-Diaz H, Morey-Vargas OL, Bolaños-Salazar JF, Muñoz-Atahualpa E, Postigo-MacDowall M, Corrales-Medina F, Valdivia-Ascuña Z, Cuba-Bustinza C, Paredes-Díaz S, et al: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Peruvian Andean hispanics: the PREVENCION study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007, 78 (2): 270-281. 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.04.004.CrossRefPubMed
11.
Pinzón JB, Serrano NC, Díaz LA, Mantilla G, Velasco HM, Martínez LX, Millán PA, Acevedo SM, Moreno D: Impacto de las nuevas definiciones en la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en una población adulta de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Biomedica. 2007, 27 (2): 172-179.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Mujica V, Leiva E, Icaza G, Diaz N, Arredondo M, Moore-Carrasco R, Orrego R, Vasquez M, Palomo I: Evaluation of metabolic syndrome in adults of Talca City, Chile. Nutr J. 2008, 7 (1): 14-10.1186/1475-2891-7-14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Márquez-Sandoval F, Macedo-Ojeda G, Viramontes-Horner D, Fernández Ballart JD, Salas Salvadó J, Vizmanos B: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr. 2011, 14 (10): 1702-1713. 10.1017/S1368980010003320.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Pimenta AM, Gazzinelli A, Velásquez-Meléndez G: Prevalência da síndrome metabólica e seus fatores associados em área rural de Minas Gerais (MG, Brasil). Cien Saude Colet. 2011, 16 (7): 3297-3306. 10.1590/S1413-81232011000800029.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Silva EC, Martins IS, Araújo EAC: Síndrome metabólica e baixa estatura em adultos da região metropolitana de São Paulo (SP, Brasil). Cien Saude Colet. 2011, 16 (2): 663-668. 10.1590/S1413-81232011000200030.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Marquezine GF, Oliveira CM, Pereira AC, Krieger JE, Mill JG: Metabolic syndrome determinants in an urban population from Brazil: Social class and gender-specific interaction. Int J Cardiol. 2008, 129 (2): 259-265. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.07.097.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Gronner MF, Bosi PL, Carvalho AM, Casale G, Contrera D, Pereira MA, Diogo TM, Torquato MTCG, Souza GMD, Oishi J, et al: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with educational inequalities among Brazilian adults: a population-based study. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2011, 44 (7): 713-719.PubMed
18.
Dutra ES, de Carvalho KMB, Miyazaki E, Merchán-Hamann E, Ito MK: Metabolic syndrome in central Brazil: prevalence and correlates in the adult population. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012, 4 (1): 1-9. 10.1186/1758-5996-4-1.CrossRef
19.
Velásquez-Meléndez G, Gazzinelli A, Côrrea-Oliveira R, Pimenta AM, Kac G: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural area of Brazil. Sao Paulo Med J. 2007, 125 (3): 155-162.CrossRefPubMed
20.
de Oliveira EP, de Souza MLA, de Lima MDA: Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em uma área rural do semi-árido baiano. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2006, 50 (3): 456-465.CrossRefPubMed
21.
de Oliveira GF, de Oliveira TR, Rodrigues FF, Corrêa LF, de Arruda TB, Casulari LA: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the indigenous population, aged 19 to 69 years, from Jaguapiru Village, Dourados (MS). Brazil. Ethn Dis. 2011, 21 (3): 301-306.PubMed
22.
da Rocha AKS, Bós AJG, Huttner E, Machado DC: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in indigenous people over 40 years of age in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2011, 29 (1): 41-45.PubMed
23.
24.
Fonseca MJ, Gaio R, Lopes C, Santos AC: Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a sample of Portuguese adults. Nutr J. 2012, 11: 64-10.1186/1475-2891-11-64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Corbatón-Anchuelo A, Martínez-Larrad MT, Fernández-Pérez C, Vega-Quiroga S, Ibarra-Rueda JM, Serrano-Ríos M, For The Segovia Insulin Resistance Study Group M: Metabolic syndrome, adiponectin, and cardiovascular risk in Spain (The Segovia Study): impact of consensus societies criteria. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2013, 11 (5): 309-318. 10.1089/met.2012.0115.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Wagner A, Dallongeville J, Haas B, Ruidavets JB, Amouyel P, Ferrières J, Simon C, Arveiler D: Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and dietary patterns are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab. 2012, 38 (5): 428-435. 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.04.005.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Lacoviello L, Bonanni A, Costanzo S, Curtis A, Di Castelnuovo A, Olivieri M, Zito F, Donati MB, Gaetano G, the Moli-sani Project Investigators: The Moli-Sani project, a randomized, prospective cohort study in the Molise region in Italy; design, rationale and objectives. Ital J Public Health. 2007, 4 (2): 110-118.
28.
Escobedo J, Schargrodsky H, Champagne B, Silva H, Boissonnet C, Vinueza R, Torres M, Hernandez R, Wilson E: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Latin America and its association with sub-clinical carotid atherosclerosis: the CARMELA cross sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009, 8 (1): 52-10.1186/1475-2840-8-52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Belfki H, Ali SB, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Traissac P, Bougatef S, Maire B, Delpeuch F, Achour N, Ben Romdhane H: Prevalence and determinants of the metabolic syndrome among Tunisian adults: results of the transition and health impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project. Public Health Nutr. 2012, 16 (04): 582-590.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Wang GR, Li L, Pan YH, Tian GD, Lin WL, Li Z, Chen ZY, Gong YL, Kikano G, Stange K, et al: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban community residents in China. BMC Public Health. 2013, 13 (1): 599-10.1186/1471-2458-13-599.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Gundogan K, Bayram F, Gedik V, Kaya A, Karaman A, Demir O, Sabuncu T, Kocer D, Coskun R: Metabolic syndrome prevalence according to ATP III and IDF criteria and related factors in Turkish adults. Arch Med Sci. 2013, 9 (2): 243-253.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Azimi-Nezhad M, Herbeth B, Siest G, Dadé S, Ndiaye NC, Esmaily H, Hosseini SJ, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Visvikis-Siest S: High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran in comparison with France: what are the components that explain this?. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2012, 10 (3): 181-188. 10.1089/met.2011.0097.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Kuang-Yao Pan W, Erlien C, Bilsborrow RE: Morbidity and mortality disparities among colonist and indigenous populations in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Soc Sci Med. 2010, 70 (3): 401-411. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.021.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Coimbra CE, Santos RV, Welch J, Cardoso AM, de Souza MC, Garnelo L, Rassi E, Foller M-L, Horta B: The first national survey of indigenous people’s health and nutrition in Brazil: rationale, methodology, and overview of results. BMC Public Health. 2013, 13 (1): 52-10.1186/1471-2458-13-52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Barbosa PJB, Lessa I, Almeida Filho N, Magalhães LBNC, Araújo J: Critério de obesidade central em população brasileira: impacto sobre a síndrome metabólica. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2006, 87: 407-414. 10.1590/S0066-782X2006001700003.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC, et al: Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American heart association/national heart, lung, and blood institute scientific statement. Circulation. 2005, 112 (17): 2735-2752. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults: a systematic review
Authors
Fernanda de Carvalho Vidigal
Josefina Bressan
Nancy Babio
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1198

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

BMC Public Health 1/2013 Go to the issue

Research article

Screening for latent tuberculosis in Norwegian health care workers: high frequency of discordant tuberculin skin test positive and interferon-gamma release assay negative results

Research article

Monitoring the profile of cervical cancer in a developing city

Research article

High dietary diversity is associated with obesity in Sri Lankan adults: an evaluation of three dietary scores

Research article

A survey study of the association between mobile phone use and daytime sleepiness in California high school students

Research article

Ten-year changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity among the Chinese adults in urban Shanghai, 1998–2007 — comparison of two cross-sectional surveys

Research article

The epidemiology and surveillance response to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) among local health departments in the San Francisco Bay Area