Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research article

Comparing the impact of socio-demographic factors associated with traffic injury among older road users and the general population in Japan

Authors: Takashi Nagata, Ayako Takamori, Hans-Yngve Berg, Marie Hasselberg

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The increasing number of older road users represents a public health issue because older individuals are more susceptible to traffic injury and mortality than the general population. This study investigated the association between socio-demographic factors and traffic injury and traffic mortality for the general population and among older road users in Japan.

Methods

An ecological study was conducted using national data in Japan. Multivariate regression methods were applied to investigate the association of traffic injury and traffic mortality for the general population and among older road users with significant demographic, economic, road traffic, and medical/cultural factors.

Results

Income per capita, total road length, and alcohol consumption per person were significantly associated with traffic injury and traffic mortality both for the general population and among older road users in Japan. Income per capita and alcohol consumption per person were negatively associated with traffic mortality for both groups. Meanwhile, for both groups, income per capita was positively associated with traffic injury, while total road length and alcohol consumption per person were negatively associated with traffic injury.

Conclusions

The effects of socio-demographic factors on traffic injury and traffic mortality in Japan were similar for both the general population and older road users. The study results suggest that injury preventive measures designed for the general population will be beneficial also for older road users in Japan.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD): Road User Fatalities. Paris: Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2007 International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD): Road User Fatalities. Paris: Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2007
2.
go back to reference Oxley J, Corben B, Fildes B, O'Hare M: Older Vulnerable Road Users - measures to reduce crash and injury risk. 2004, Victoria: Monash University Accident Research Center Oxley J, Corben B, Fildes B, O'Hare M: Older Vulnerable Road Users - measures to reduce crash and injury risk. 2004, Victoria: Monash University Accident Research Center
3.
go back to reference Hakamies-Blomqvist L, Sirén A, Davidse R: Old drivers - a review. 2004, Linköping: Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute Hakamies-Blomqvist L, Sirén A, Davidse R: Old drivers - a review. 2004, Linköping: Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute
4.
go back to reference Baldock MRJ, McLean J: Older drivers: Crash involvement rates and causes. 2005, South Australia: The University of Adelaide, Center for Automotive Safety Research Baldock MRJ, McLean J: Older drivers: Crash involvement rates and causes. 2005, South Australia: The University of Adelaide, Center for Automotive Safety Research
5.
go back to reference World Health Organization (WHO): World report on road traffic injury prevention. 2004, Geneva: World Health Organization World Health Organization (WHO): World report on road traffic injury prevention. 2004, Geneva: World Health Organization
6.
go back to reference United Nations: World Population Ageing: 1950–2050. 2002 United Nations: World Population Ageing: 1950–2050. 2002
7.
go back to reference Levin L, Henriksson P, Mardh S, Heikkinen S, Nygardhs S, Dukic T, Nielsen B, Peters B, Linder A: The Elderly in the transport system - Mobility, design and training problem. 2007, Linköping: Swedish National Road Transport System Research Institute Levin L, Henriksson P, Mardh S, Heikkinen S, Nygardhs S, Dukic T, Nielsen B, Peters B, Linder A: The Elderly in the transport system - Mobility, design and training problem. 2007, Linköping: Swedish National Road Transport System Research Institute
8.
go back to reference Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): Aging and Transport. Mobility needs and safety issues. 2001, Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): Aging and Transport. Mobility needs and safety issues. 2001, Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
9.
go back to reference Whelan M, Langford J, Oxley J, Koppel S, Charlton J: The elderly and mobility. 2006, Victoria: A review of the literature. Monash University Accident Research Center Whelan M, Langford J, Oxley J, Koppel S, Charlton J: The elderly and mobility. 2006, Victoria: A review of the literature. Monash University Accident Research Center
10.
go back to reference Li G, Braver ER, Chen LH: Fragility versus excessive crash involvement as determinants of high death rates per vehicle-mile of travel among older drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2003, 35 (2): 227-235. 10.1016/S0001-4575(01)00107-5.CrossRefPubMed Li G, Braver ER, Chen LH: Fragility versus excessive crash involvement as determinants of high death rates per vehicle-mile of travel among older drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2003, 35 (2): 227-235. 10.1016/S0001-4575(01)00107-5.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Morris A, Welsh R, Frampton R, Charlton J, Fildes B: An overview of requirements for the crash protection of older drivers. Ann Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2002, 46: 141-156. Morris A, Welsh R, Frampton R, Charlton J, Fildes B: An overview of requirements for the crash protection of older drivers. Ann Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2002, 46: 141-156.
12.
go back to reference Aschkenasy MT, Rothenhaus TC: Trauma and falls in the elderly. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2006, 24 (2): 413-432. 10.1016/j.emc.2006.01.005. viiCrossRefPubMed Aschkenasy MT, Rothenhaus TC: Trauma and falls in the elderly. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2006, 24 (2): 413-432. 10.1016/j.emc.2006.01.005. viiCrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference La Torre G, van Beeck E, Quaranta G, Mannocci A, Ricciardi W: Determinants of within-country variation in traffic accident mortality in Italy: a geographical analysis. Int J Health Geogr. 2007, 6: 49-10.1186/1476-072X-6-49.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral La Torre G, van Beeck E, Quaranta G, Mannocci A, Ricciardi W: Determinants of within-country variation in traffic accident mortality in Italy: a geographical analysis. Int J Health Geogr. 2007, 6: 49-10.1186/1476-072X-6-49.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Rivas-Ruiz F, Perea-Milla E, Jimenez-Puente A: Geographic variability of fatal road traffic injuries in Spain during the period 2002–2004: an ecological study. BMC Publ Health. 2007, 7: 266-10.1186/1471-2458-7-266.CrossRef Rivas-Ruiz F, Perea-Milla E, Jimenez-Puente A: Geographic variability of fatal road traffic injuries in Spain during the period 2002–2004: an ecological study. BMC Publ Health. 2007, 7: 266-10.1186/1471-2458-7-266.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Hasselberg M, Laflamme L: Road traffic injuries among young car drivers by country of origin and socioeconomic position. Int J Publ Health. 2008, 53 (1): 40-45. 10.1007/s00038-007-6083-0.CrossRef Hasselberg M, Laflamme L: Road traffic injuries among young car drivers by country of origin and socioeconomic position. Int J Publ Health. 2008, 53 (1): 40-45. 10.1007/s00038-007-6083-0.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Moudon AV, Lin L, Jiao J, Hurvitz P, Reeves P: The risk of pedestrian injury and fatality in collisions with motor vehicles, a social ecological study of state routes and city streets in King County, Washington. Accid Anal Prev. 2010, 43 (1): 11-24.CrossRefPubMed Moudon AV, Lin L, Jiao J, Hurvitz P, Reeves P: The risk of pedestrian injury and fatality in collisions with motor vehicles, a social ecological study of state routes and city streets in King County, Washington. Accid Anal Prev. 2010, 43 (1): 11-24.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference van Beeck EF, Mackenbach JP, Looman CW, Kunst AE: Determinants of traffic accident mortality in The Netherlands: a geographical analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 1991, 20 (3): 698-706. 10.1093/ije/20.3.698.CrossRefPubMed van Beeck EF, Mackenbach JP, Looman CW, Kunst AE: Determinants of traffic accident mortality in The Netherlands: a geographical analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 1991, 20 (3): 698-706. 10.1093/ije/20.3.698.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Lin MR, Kraus JF: A review of risk factors and patterns of motorcycle injuries. Accid Anal Prev. 2009, 41 (4): 710-722. 10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.010.CrossRefPubMed Lin MR, Kraus JF: A review of risk factors and patterns of motorcycle injuries. Accid Anal Prev. 2009, 41 (4): 710-722. 10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.010.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Sorock GS, Chen LH, Gonzalgo SR, Baker SP: Alcohol-drinking history and fatal injury in older adults. Alcohol. 2006, 40 (3): 193-199. 10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.01.002.CrossRefPubMed Sorock GS, Chen LH, Gonzalgo SR, Baker SP: Alcohol-drinking history and fatal injury in older adults. Alcohol. 2006, 40 (3): 193-199. 10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.01.002.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Vingilis E, Wilk P: The effects of health status, distress, alcohol and medicinal drug use on subsequent motor vehicle injuries. Accid Anal Prev. 2008, 40 (6): 1901-1907. 10.1016/j.aap.2008.06.020.CrossRefPubMed Vingilis E, Wilk P: The effects of health status, distress, alcohol and medicinal drug use on subsequent motor vehicle injuries. Accid Anal Prev. 2008, 40 (6): 1901-1907. 10.1016/j.aap.2008.06.020.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Wilke N, Puschel K, Edler C: Alcohol, the aged and traffic. Gerontol Geriatr. 2009, 42 (3): 185-192. 10.1007/s00391-009-0039-3.CrossRef Wilke N, Puschel K, Edler C: Alcohol, the aged and traffic. Gerontol Geriatr. 2009, 42 (3): 185-192. 10.1007/s00391-009-0039-3.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Nakahara S, Ichikawa M, Kimura A: Population strategies and high-risk-individual strategies for road safety in Japan. Health Policy. 2010 Nakahara S, Ichikawa M, Kimura A: Population strategies and high-risk-individual strategies for road safety in Japan. Health Policy. 2010
23.
go back to reference Roudsari BS, Mock CN, Kaufman R, Grossman D, Henary BY, Crandall J: Pedestrian crashes: higher injury severity and mortality rate for light truck vehicles compared with passenger vehicles. Inj Prev. 2004, 10 (3): 154-158. 10.1136/ip.2003.003814.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Roudsari BS, Mock CN, Kaufman R, Grossman D, Henary BY, Crandall J: Pedestrian crashes: higher injury severity and mortality rate for light truck vehicles compared with passenger vehicles. Inj Prev. 2004, 10 (3): 154-158. 10.1136/ip.2003.003814.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
go back to reference National Police Agency (Japan): The Police Report about fatal traffic crashes in 2007. 2009, Tokyo: National Police Agency (Japan) National Police Agency (Japan): The Police Report about fatal traffic crashes in 2007. 2009, Tokyo: National Police Agency (Japan)
25.
go back to reference Morgenstern H: Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Annu Rev Publ Health. 1995, 16: 61-81. 10.1146/annurev.pu.16.050195.000425.CrossRef Morgenstern H: Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Annu Rev Publ Health. 1995, 16: 61-81. 10.1146/annurev.pu.16.050195.000425.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Morgenstern H, Thomas D: Principles of study design in environmental epidemiology. Environ Health Perspect. 1993, 101 (Suppl 4): 23-38. 10.1289/ehp.93101s423.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Morgenstern H, Thomas D: Principles of study design in environmental epidemiology. Environ Health Perspect. 1993, 101 (Suppl 4): 23-38. 10.1289/ehp.93101s423.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
go back to reference Redondo Calderon J, Luna Del Castilo JD, Jimenez Moleon JJ, Lardelli Claret P, Galvez Vargas R: Geographical variability in the severity of traffic accidents in Spain. Gac Sanit. 2000, 14 (1): 16-22.CrossRefPubMed Redondo Calderon J, Luna Del Castilo JD, Jimenez Moleon JJ, Lardelli Claret P, Galvez Vargas R: Geographical variability in the severity of traffic accidents in Spain. Gac Sanit. 2000, 14 (1): 16-22.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Coxe S, West SG, Aiken LS: The analysis of count data: a gentle introduction to poisson regression and its alternatives. J Pers Assess. 2009, 91 (2): 121-136. 10.1080/00223890802634175.CrossRefPubMed Coxe S, West SG, Aiken LS: The analysis of count data: a gentle introduction to poisson regression and its alternatives. J Pers Assess. 2009, 91 (2): 121-136. 10.1080/00223890802634175.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Sullivan SA, Hill EG, Newman RB, Menard MK: Maternal-fetal medicine specialist density is inversely associated with maternal mortality ratios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005, 193 (3 Pt 2): 1083-1088.CrossRefPubMed Sullivan SA, Hill EG, Newman RB, Menard MK: Maternal-fetal medicine specialist density is inversely associated with maternal mortality ratios. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005, 193 (3 Pt 2): 1083-1088.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Lindstrom C, Lindstrom M: "Social capital," GNP per capita, relative income, and health: an ecological study of 23 countries. Int J Health Serv. 2006, 36 (4): 679-696. 10.2190/C2PP-WF4R-X081-W2QN.CrossRefPubMed Lindstrom C, Lindstrom M: "Social capital," GNP per capita, relative income, and health: an ecological study of 23 countries. Int J Health Serv. 2006, 36 (4): 679-696. 10.2190/C2PP-WF4R-X081-W2QN.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Moniruzzaman S, Andersson R: Economic development as a determinant of injury mortality - a longitudinal approach. Soc Sci Med. 2008, 66 (8): 1699-1708. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.12.020.CrossRefPubMed Moniruzzaman S, Andersson R: Economic development as a determinant of injury mortality - a longitudinal approach. Soc Sci Med. 2008, 66 (8): 1699-1708. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.12.020.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Traynor TL: Regional economic conditions and crash fatality rates–a cross-county analysis. J Safety Res. 2008, 39 (1): 33-39. 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.10.008.CrossRefPubMed Traynor TL: Regional economic conditions and crash fatality rates–a cross-county analysis. J Safety Res. 2008, 39 (1): 33-39. 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.10.008.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Bishai D, Quresh A, James P, Ghaffar A: National road casualties and economic development. Health Econ. 2006, 15 (1): 65-81. 10.1002/hec.1020.CrossRefPubMed Bishai D, Quresh A, James P, Ghaffar A: National road casualties and economic development. Health Econ. 2006, 15 (1): 65-81. 10.1002/hec.1020.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Traynor TL: The relationship between regional economic conditions and the severity of traffic crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. 2009, 10 (4): 368-374. 10.1080/15389580902995174.CrossRefPubMed Traynor TL: The relationship between regional economic conditions and the severity of traffic crashes. Traffic Inj Prev. 2009, 10 (4): 368-374. 10.1080/15389580902995174.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference van Beeck EF, Borsboom GJ, Mackenbach JP: Economic development and traffic accident mortality in the industrialized world, 1962–1990. Int J Epidemiol. 2000, 29 (3): 503-509. 10.1093/ije/29.3.503.CrossRefPubMed van Beeck EF, Borsboom GJ, Mackenbach JP: Economic development and traffic accident mortality in the industrialized world, 1962–1990. Int J Epidemiol. 2000, 29 (3): 503-509. 10.1093/ije/29.3.503.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Novoa AM, Perez K, Borrell C: Evidence-based effectiveness of road safety interventions: a literature review. Gac Sanit. 2009, 23 (6): 553-e551-514CrossRefPubMed Novoa AM, Perez K, Borrell C: Evidence-based effectiveness of road safety interventions: a literature review. Gac Sanit. 2009, 23 (6): 553-e551-514CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Egan M, Petticrew M, Ogilvie D, Hamilton V: New roads and human health: a systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2003, 93 (9): 1463-1471. 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1463.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Egan M, Petticrew M, Ogilvie D, Hamilton V: New roads and human health: a systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2003, 93 (9): 1463-1471. 10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1463.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
go back to reference Noland RB: Traffic fatalities and injuries: the effect of changes in infrastructure and other trends. Accid Anal Prev. 2003, 35 (4): 599-611. 10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00040-4.CrossRefPubMed Noland RB: Traffic fatalities and injuries: the effect of changes in infrastructure and other trends. Accid Anal Prev. 2003, 35 (4): 599-611. 10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00040-4.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Noland RB, Quddus MA: Improvements in medical care and technology and reductions in traffic-related fatalities in Great Britain. Accid Anal Prev. 2004, 36 (1): 103-113. 10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00132-X.CrossRefPubMed Noland RB, Quddus MA: Improvements in medical care and technology and reductions in traffic-related fatalities in Great Britain. Accid Anal Prev. 2004, 36 (1): 103-113. 10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00132-X.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Reynolds CC, Harris MA, Teschke K, Cripton PA, Winters M: The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: a review of the literature. Environ Health. 2009, 8: 47-10.1186/1476-069X-8-47.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Reynolds CC, Harris MA, Teschke K, Cripton PA, Winters M: The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: a review of the literature. Environ Health. 2009, 8: 47-10.1186/1476-069X-8-47.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
go back to reference Satterthwaite D: The impact on health of urban environments. Environ Urban. 1993, 5 (2): 87-111. 10.1177/095624789300500208.CrossRefPubMed Satterthwaite D: The impact on health of urban environments. Environ Urban. 1993, 5 (2): 87-111. 10.1177/095624789300500208.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Nakahara S, Ichikawa M: Effects of high-profile collisions on drink-driving penalties and alcohol-related crashes in Japan. Inj Prev. 2011, 17 (3): 182-188. 10.1136/ip.2010.027680.CrossRefPubMed Nakahara S, Ichikawa M: Effects of high-profile collisions on drink-driving penalties and alcohol-related crashes in Japan. Inj Prev. 2011, 17 (3): 182-188. 10.1136/ip.2010.027680.CrossRefPubMed
43.
go back to reference World Health Organization (WHO): Facts about injuries. 2004, Geneva: World Health Organization World Health Organization (WHO): Facts about injuries. 2004, Geneva: World Health Organization
44.
go back to reference Nagata T, Setoguchi S, Hemenway D, Perry MJ: Effectiveness of a law to reduce alcohol-impaired driving in Japan. Inj Prev. 2008, 14 (1): 19-23. 10.1136/ip.2007.015719.CrossRefPubMed Nagata T, Setoguchi S, Hemenway D, Perry MJ: Effectiveness of a law to reduce alcohol-impaired driving in Japan. Inj Prev. 2008, 14 (1): 19-23. 10.1136/ip.2007.015719.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Greenland S, Morgenstern H: Ecological bias, confounding, and effect modification. Int J Epidemiol. 1989, 18 (1): 269-274. 10.1093/ije/18.1.269.CrossRefPubMed Greenland S, Morgenstern H: Ecological bias, confounding, and effect modification. Int J Epidemiol. 1989, 18 (1): 269-274. 10.1093/ije/18.1.269.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Nurminen M: Linkage failures in ecological studies. World Health Stat Q. 1995, 48 (2): 78-84.PubMed Nurminen M: Linkage failures in ecological studies. World Health Stat Q. 1995, 48 (2): 78-84.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Comparing the impact of socio-demographic factors associated with traffic injury among older road users and the general population in Japan
Authors
Takashi Nagata
Ayako Takamori
Hans-Yngve Berg
Marie Hasselberg
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-887

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

BMC Public Health 1/2012 Go to the issue