Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Research article

Metabolic syndrome is associated with change in subclinical arterial stiffness - A community-based Taichung Community Health Study

Authors: Chia-Ing Li, Sharon LR Kardia, Chiu-Shong Liu, Wen-Yuan Lin, Chih-Hsueh Lin, Yi-Dar Lee, Fung-Chang Sung, Tsai-Chung Li, Cheng-Chieh Lin

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MetS on arterial stiffness in a longitudinal study.

Methods

Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a measurement interpreted as arterial stiffness, was measured in 1518 community-dwelling persons at baseline and re-examined within a mean follow-up period of 3 years. Multivariate linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the longitudinal relationship between MetS and its individual components and baPWV, while multivariate logistic regression with GEE was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between MetS and its individual components and the high risk group with arterial stiffness.

Results

Subjects with MetS showed significantly greater baPWV at the end point than those without MetS, after adjusting for age, gender, education, hypertension medication and mean arterial pressure (MAP). MetS was associated with the top quartile of baPWV (the high-risk group of arterial stiffness, adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.52 [1.21-1.90]), and a significant linear trend of risk for the number of components of MetS was found (p for trend < 0.05). In further considering the individual MetS component, elevated blood pressure and fasting glucose significantly predicted a high risk of arterial stiffness (adjusted OR [95% CI] 3.72 [2.81-4.93] and 1.35 [1.08-1.68], respectively).

Conclusions

MetS affects the subject's progression to arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness increased as the number of MetS components increased. Management of MetS is important for preventing the progression to advanced arterial stiffness.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
McNeill AM, Rosamond WD, Girman CJ, Golden SH, Schmidt MI, East HE, Ballantyne CM, Heiss G: The metabolic syndrome and 11-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes Care. 2005, 28 (2): 385-390. 10.2337/diacare.28.2.385.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001, 285 (19): 2486-2497. 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486.
3.
Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002, 287 (3): 356-359. 10.1001/jama.287.3.356.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Lin CC, Liu CS, Lai MM, Li CI, Chen CC, Chang PC, Lin WY, Lee YD, Lin T, Li TC: Metabolic syndrome in a Taiwanese metropolitan adult population. BMC Public Health. 2007, 7: 239-10.1186/1471-2458-7-239.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Nathan DM, D'Agostino RB, Williams K, Haffner SM: Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in the San Antonio Heart and Framingham Offspring Studies. Diabetes. 2003, 52 (8): 2160-2167. 10.2337/diabetes.52.8.2160.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Kim ES, Han SM, Kim YI, Song KH, Kim MS, Kim WB, Park JY, Lee KU: Prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome in a rural population of South Korea. Diabet Med. 2004, 21 (10): 1141-1143. 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01398.x.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Liu J, Hanley AJ, Young TK, Harris SB, Zinman B: Characteristics and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among three ethnic groups in Canada. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006, 30 (4): 669-676. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803179.CrossRef
8.
Khazale NS, Haddad F: Prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in 111 Royal Jordanian Air Force pilots. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2007, 78 (10): 968-972. 10.3357/ASEM.2097.2007.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Oh EG, Bang SY, Hyun SS: Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome for At-Risk People in a Rural Community. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2008
10.
Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB: The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med. 2003, 163 (4): 427-436. 10.1001/archinte.163.4.427.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Florez H, Silva E, Fernandez V, Ryder E, Sulbaran T, Campos G, Calmon G, Clavel E, Castillo-Florez S, Goldberg R: Prevalence and risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in White, Black, Amerindian and Mixed Hispanics in Zulia State, Venezuela. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005, 69 (1): 63-77. 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.11.018.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Ram KT, Bobby P, Hailpern SM, Lo JC, Schocken M, Skurnick J, Santoro N: Duration of lactation is associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in midlife--SWAN, the study of women's health across the nation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008, 198 (3): 268-e261. 266CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Cameron AJ, Zimmet PZ, Soderberg S, Alberti KG, Sicree R, Tuomilehto J, Chitson P, Shaw JE: The metabolic syndrome as a predictor of incident diabetes mellitus in Mauritius. Diabet Med. 2007, 24 (12): 1460-1469. 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02288.x.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Hong Y, Jin X, Mo J, Lin HM, Duan Y, Pu M, Wolbrette DL, Liao D: Metabolic syndrome, its preeminent clusters, incident coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality--results of prospective analysis for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. J Intern Med. 2007, 262 (1): 113-122. 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01781.x.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Ardern CI, Janssen I: Metabolic syndrome and its association with morbidity and mortality. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007, 32 (1): 33-45. 10.1139/h06-099.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Arnlov J, Ingelsson E, Sundstrom J, Lind L: Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men. Circulation. 121 (2): 230-236.
17.
Thomas GN, Phillips AC, Carroll D, Gale CR, Batty GD: The metabolic syndrome adds utility to the prediction of mortality over its components: The Vietnam Experience Study. Atherosclerosis. 2009
18.
Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hirayama Y, Yamamoto Y, Hori S: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as a marker of atherosclerotic vascular damage and cardiovascular risk. Hypertens Res. 2003, 26 (8): 615-622. 10.1291/hypres.26.615.CrossRefPubMed
19.
20.
Aso K, Miyata M, Kubo T, Hashiguchi H, Fukudome M, Fukushige E, Koriyama N, Nakazaki M, Minagoe S, Tei C: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is useful for evaluation of complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Hypertens Res. 2003, 26 (10): 807-813. 10.1291/hypres.26.807.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Yokoyama H, Hirasawa K, Aoki T, Ishiyama M, Koyama K: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measured automatically by oscillometric method is elevated in diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy. Diabet Med. 2003, 20 (11): 942-945. 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.01043.x.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Dohi Y, Ohashi M, Sugiyama M, Takase H, Sato K, Ueda R: Circulating thrombomodulin levels are related to latent progression of atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2003, 26 (6): 479-483. 10.1291/hypres.26.479.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Wang JM, Su C, Wang Y, Huang YJ, Yang Z, Chen L, Wu F, Xu SY, Tao J: Elevated circulating endothelial microparticles and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in well-controlled hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens. 2009, 23 (5): 307-315. 10.1038/jhh.2008.137.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Morimoto S, Yurugi T, Aota Y, Sakuma T, Jo F, Nishikawa M, Iwasaka T, Maki K: Prognostic significance of ankle-brachial index, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, flow-mediated dilation, and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation in end-stage renal disease. Am J Nephrol. 2009, 30 (1): 55-63. 10.1159/000201416.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Chen SC, Chang JM, Hwang SJ, Chen JH, Lin FH, Su HM, Chen HC: Comparison of ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity between patients with chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis. Am J Nephrol. 2009, 29 (5): 374-380. 10.1159/000168485.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Tso TK, Huang WN, Huang HY, Chang CK: Association of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity with cardiovascular risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2005, 14 (11): 878-883. 10.1191/0961203305lu2234oa.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Satoh H, Kishi R, Tsutsui H: Metabolic syndrome is a significant and independent risk factor for increased arterial stiffness in Japanese subjects. Hypertens Res. 2009, 32 (12): 1067-1071. 10.1038/hr.2009.158.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Kovaite M, Petrulioniene Z, Ryliskyte L, Badariene J, Dzenkeviciute V, Cypiene A, Laucevicius A, Polena S, Gintautas J: Systemic assessment of arterial wall structure and function in metabolic syndrome. Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 2007, 50: 123-130.PubMed
29.
Teramura M, Emoto M, Araki T, Yokoyama H, Motoyama K, Shinohara K, Mori K, Koyama H, Shoji T, Inaba M, et al: Clinical impact of metabolic syndrome by modified NCEP-ATPIII criteria on carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese adults. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2007, 14 (4): 172-178. 10.5551/jat.E505.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Nam JS, Park JS, Cho MH, Jee SH, Lee HS, Ahn CW, Lowe WL, Kim KR: The association between pulse wave velocity and metabolic syndrome and adiponectin in patients with impaired fasting glucose: cardiovascular risks and adiponectin in IFG. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009, 84 (2): 145-151. 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.02.002.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Ahluwalia N, Drouet L, Ruidavets JB, Perret B, Amar J, Boccalon H, Hanaire-Broutin H, Ferrieres J: Metabolic syndrome is associated with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in a French population-based sample. Atherosclerosis. 2006, 186 (2): 345-353. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.07.021.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Sabio JM, Vargas-Hitos J, Zamora-Pasadas M, Mediavilla JD, Navarrete N, Ramirez A, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Jaimez L, Martin J, Jimenez-Alonso J: Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased arterial stiffness and biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2009, 36 (10): 2204-2211. 10.3899/jrheum.081253.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Nagasaki T, Inaba M, Yamada S, Kumeda Y, Hiura Y, Nishizawa Y: Changes in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in subclinical hypothyroidism during normalization of thyroid function. Biomed Pharmacother. 2007, 61 (8): 482-487. 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.04.004.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Tomiyama H, Hirayama Y, Hashimoto H, Yambe M, Yamada J, Koji Y, Motobe K, Shiina K, Yamamoto Y, Yamashinai A: The effects of changes in the metabolic syndrome detection status on arterial stiffening: a prospective study. Hypertens Res. 2006, 29 (9): 673-678. 10.1291/hypres.29.673.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Safar ME, Thomas F, Blacher J, Nzietchueng R, Bureau JM, Pannier B, Benetos A: Metabolic syndrome and age-related progression of aortic stiffness. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006, 47 (1): 72-75. 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.052.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Berkson J: Limitations of the application of fourfold table analysis to hospital data. Biometrics. 1946, 2 (3): 47-53. 10.2307/3002000.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Feinstein AR, Walter SD, Horwitz RI: An analysis of Berkson's bias in case-control studies. J Chronic Dis. 1986, 39 (7): 495-504. 10.1016/0021-9681(86)90194-3.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hori S, Yamamoto Y: Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res. 2002, 25 (3): 359-364. 10.1291/hypres.25.359.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Li S, Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS: Childhood blood pressure as a predictor of arterial stiffness in young adults: the bogalusa heart study. Hypertension. 2004, 43 (3): 541-546. 10.1161/01.HYP.0000115922.98155.23.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Kass DA: Ventricular arterial stiffening: integrating the pathophysiology. Hypertension. 2005, 46 (1): 185-193. 10.1161/01.HYP.0000168053.34306.d4.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Wautier JL, Guillausseau PJ: Diabetes, advanced glycation endproducts and vascular disease. Vasc Med. 1998, 3 (2): 131-137.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Metabolic syndrome is associated with change in subclinical arterial stiffness - A community-based Taichung Community Health Study
Authors
Chia-Ing Li
Sharon LR Kardia
Chiu-Shong Liu
Wen-Yuan Lin
Chih-Hsueh Lin
Yi-Dar Lee
Fung-Chang Sung
Tsai-Chung Li
Cheng-Chieh Lin
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-808

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

BMC Public Health 1/2011 Go to the issue

Research article

Differential relationships of family drinking with alcohol expectancy among urban school children

Research article

Military veteran mortality following a survived suicide attempt

Study protocol

Interventions to enhance adherence to dietary advice for preventing and managing chronic diseases in adults: a study protocol

Research article

Can primary care data be used to monitor regional smoking prevalence? An analysis of The Health Improvement Network primary care data

Research article

Reproductive health and access to healthcare facilities: risk factors for depression and anxiety in women with an earthquake experience

Research article

Population based estimates of non-fatal injuries in the capital of Iran