Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The ONWARDS insulin icodec trials

A round-up of the ONWARDS phase 3 clinical trials evaluating the novel weekly insulin icodec in people with diabetes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Psychiatry
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Study protocol

Efficacy of oxytocin administration early after psychotrauma in preventing the development of PTSD: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Authors: Jessie L Frijling, Mirjam van Zuiden, Saskia BJ Koch, Laura Nawijn, J Carel Goslings, Jan S Luitse, Tessa H Biesheuvel, Adriaan Honig, Fred C Bakker, Damiaan Denys, Dick J Veltman, Miranda Olff

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Currently few evidence based interventions are available for the prevention of PTSD within the first weeks after trauma. Increased risk for PTSD development is associated with dysregulated fear and stress responses prior to and shortly after trauma, as well as with a lack of perceived social support early after trauma. Oxytocin is a potent regulator of these processes. Therefore, we propose that oxytocin may be important in reducing adverse consequences of trauma. The ‘BONDS’ study is conducted in order to assess the efficacy of an early intervention with intranasal oxytocin for the prevention of PTSD.

Methods/Design

In this multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial we will recruit 220 Emergency Department patients at increased risk of PTSD. Trauma-exposed patients are screened for increased PTSD risk with questionnaires assessing peri-traumatic distress and acute PTSD symptoms within 7 days after trauma. Baseline PTSD symptom severity scores and neuroendocrine and psychophysiological measures will be collected within 10 days after trauma. Participants will be randomized to 7.5 days of intranasal oxytocin (40 IU) or placebo twice a day. Follow-up measurements at 1.5, 3 and 6 months post-trauma are collected to assess PTSD symptom severity (the primary outcome measure). Other measures of symptoms of psychopathology, and neuroendocrine and psychophysiological disorders are secondary outcome measures.

Discussion

We hypothesize that intranasal oxytocin administered early after trauma is an effective pharmacological strategy to prevent PTSD in individuals at increased risk, which is both safe and easily applicable. Interindividual and contextual factors that may influence the effects of oxytocin treatment will be considered in the analysis of the results.

Trial registration

Netherlands Trial Registry: NTR3190.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
de Vries GJ, Olff M: The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands. J Trauma Stress. 2009, 22 (4): 259-267. 10.1002/jts.20429.PubMed
2.
Frans O, Rimmo PA, Aberg L, Fredrikson M: Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005, 111 (4): 291-299. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00463.x.PubMed
3.
Resnick HS, Kilpatrick DG, Dansky BS, Saunders BE, Best CL: Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993, 61 (6): 984-991.PubMed
4.
Breslau N, Kessler RC, Chilcoat HD, Schultz LR, Davis GC, Andreski P: Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: the 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998, 55 (7): 626-632. 10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626.PubMed
5.
Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Wittchen HU: Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2012, 21 (3): 169-184. 10.1002/mpr.1359.PubMedPubMedCentral
6.
Management of Post-Traumatic Stress Working Group: VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of post-traumatic stress. 2010, Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration, Department of Defense
7.
Sijbrandij M, Olff M, Reitsma JB, Carlier IV, Gersons BP: Emotional or educational debriefing after psychological trauma. Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2006, 189: 150-155. 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.021121.PubMed
8.
Rose S, Bisson J, Wessely S: A systematic review of single-session psychological interventions (‘debriefing’) following trauma. Psychother Psychosom. 2003, 72 (4): 176-184. 10.1159/000070781.PubMed
9.
Roberts NP, Kitchiner NJ, Kenardy J, Bisson JI: Systematic review and meta-analysis of multiple-session early interventions following traumatic events. Am J Psychiatry. 2009, 166 (0002–953; 3): 293-301.PubMed
10.
Rothbaum BO, Kearns MC, Price M, Malcoun E, Davis M, Ressler KJ, Lang D, Houry D: Early intervention may prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized pilot civilian study with modified prolonged exposure. Biol Psychiatry. 2012, 72 (11): 957-963. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.002.PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Bisson JI, Shepherd JP, Joy D, Probert R, Newcombe RG: Early cognitive-behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress symptoms after physical injury. Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2004, 184: 63-69. 10.1192/bjp.184.1.63.PubMed
12.
Sijbrandij M, Olff M, Reitsma JB, Carlier IV, de Vries MH, Gersons BP: Treatment of acute posttraumatic stress disorder with brief cognitive behavioral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2007, 164 (0002–953; 0002–953; 1): 82-90.PubMed
13.
Hoge EA, Worthington JJ, Nagurney JT, Chang Y, Kay EB, Feterowski CM, Katzman AR, Goetz JM, Rosasco ML, Lasko NB, Zusman RM, Pollack MH, Orr SP, Pitman RK: Effect of acute posttrauma propranolol on PTSD outcome and physiological responses during script-driven imagery. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2012, 18 (1): 21-27. 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00227.x.PubMed
14.
Stein MB, Kerridge C, Dimsdale JE, Hoyt DB: Pharmacotherapy to prevent PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial in physically injured patients. J Trauma Stress. 2007, 20 (6): 923-932. 10.1002/jts.20270.PubMed
15.
Zohar J, Yahalom H, Kozlovsky N, Cwikel-Hamzany S, Matar MA, Kaplan Z, Yehuda R, Cohen H: High dose hydrocortisone immediately after trauma may alter the trajectory of PTSD: interplay between clinical and animal studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011, 21 (11): 796-809. 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.06.001.PubMed
16.
Delahanty DL, Gabert-Quillen C, Ostrowski SA, Nugent NR, Fischer B, Morris A, Pitman RK, Bon J, Fallon W: The efficacy of initial hydrocortisone administration at preventing posttraumatic distress in adult trauma patients: a randomized trial. CNS Spectr. 2013, 18 (2): 103-111.PubMed
17.
Shaikh al Arab A, Guedon-Moreau L, Ducrocq F, Molenda S, Duhem S, Salleron J, Chaudieu I, Bert D, Libersa C, Vaiva G: Temporal analysis of heart rate variability as a predictor of post traumatic stress disorder in road traffic accidents survivors. J Psychiatr Res. 2012, 46 (6): 790-796. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.02.006.PubMed
18.
Apfel BA, Otte C, Inslicht SS, McCaslin SE, Henn-Haase C, Metzler TJ, Makotkine I, Yehuda R, Neylan TC, Marmar CR: Pretraumatic prolonged elevation of salivary MHPG predicts peritraumatic distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2011, 45 (6): 735-741. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.11.016.PubMed
19.
Van Zuiden M, Kavelaars A, Geuze E, Olff M, Heijnen CJ: Predicting PTSD: pre-existing vulnerabilities in glucocorticoid-signaling and implications for preventive interventions. Brain Behav Immun. 2013, 30: 12-21.PubMed
20.
Van Zuiden M, Geuze E, Willemen HL, Vermetten E, Maas M, Amarouchi K, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ: Glucocorticoid receptor pathway components predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptom development: a prospective study. Biol Psychiatry. 2011, 71 (4): 309-316.PubMed
21.
McFarlane AC, Barton CA, Yehuda R, Wittert G: Cortisol response to acute trauma and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011, 36 (5): 720-727. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.10.007.PubMed
22.
Admon R, Lubin G, Rosenblatt JD, Stern O, Kahn I, Assaf M, Hendler T: Imbalanced neural responsivity to risk and reward indicates stress vulnerability in humans. Cereb Cortex. 2013, 23 (1): 28-35. 10.1093/cercor/bhr369.PubMed
23.
Qin L, Wang Z, Sun Y, Wan J, Su S, Zhou Y, Xu J: A preliminary study of alterations in default network connectivity in post-traumatic stress disorder patients following recent trauma. Brain Res. 2012, 1484: 50-56.PubMed
24.
Zhou Y, Wang Z, Wan J, Sun Y, Su S, Ding W, Xu J: Early altered resting-state functional connectivity predicts the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in acutely traumatized subjects. PLoS One. 2012, 7 (10): e46833-10.1371/journal.pone.0046833.PubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD: Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000, 68 (5): 748-766.PubMed
26.
Ozer EJ, Best SR, Lipsey TL, Weiss DS: Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2003, 129 (1): 52-73.PubMed
27.
Robinaugh DJ, Marques L, Traeger LN, Marks EH, Sung SC, Gayle BJ, Pollack MH, Simon NM: Understanding the relationship of perceived social support to post-trauma cognitions and posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2011, 25 (8): 1072-1078. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.07.004.PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Olff M: Bonding after trauma: on the role of social support and the oxytocin system in traumatic stress. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2012, 3: doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.18597
29.
Gautvik KM, de Lecea L, Gautvik VT, Danielson PE, Tranque P, Dopazo A, Bloom FE, Sutcliffe JG: Overview of the most prevalent hypothalamus-specific mRNAs, as identified by directional tag PCR subtraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996, 93 (16): 8733-8738. 10.1073/pnas.93.16.8733.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Williams JR, Carter CS, Insel T: Partner preference development in female prairie voles is facilitated by mating or the central infusion of oxytocin. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992, 652 (1): 487-489. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb34393.x.PubMed
31.
Carter CS, Williams JR, Witt DM, Insel TR: Oxytocin and social bonding. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1992, 652 (1): 204-211. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb34356.x.PubMed
32.
Holt-Lunstad J, Birmingham WA, Light KC: Influence of a “warm touch” support enhancement intervention among married couples on ambulatory blood pressure, oxytocin, alpha amylase, and cortisol. Psychosom Med. 2008, 70 (9): 976-985. 10.1097/PSY.0b013e318187aef7.PubMed
33.
Seltzer LJ, Ziegler TE, Pollak SD: Social vocalizations can release oxytocin in humans. Proc Biol Sci. 2010, 277 (1694): 2661-2666. 10.1098/rspb.2010.0567.PubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Tops M, van Peer JM, Korf J, Wijers AA, Tucker DM: Anxiety, cortisol, and attachment predict plasma oxytocin. Psychophysiology. 2007, 44 (3): 444-449. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00510.x.PubMed
35.
Turner RA, Altemus M, Enos T, Cooper B, McGuinness T: Preliminary research on plasma oxytocin in normal cycling women: investigating emotion and interpersonal distress. Psychiatry. 1999, 62 (2): 97-113.PubMed
36.
Altemus M, Deuster PA, Galliven E, Carter CS, Gold PW: Suppression of hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in lactating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995, 80 (10): 2954-2959.PubMed
37.
Light KC, Grewen KM, Amico JA: More frequent partner hugs and higher oxytocin levels are linked to lower blood pressure and heart rate in premenopausal women. Biol Psychol. 2005, 69 (1): 5-21. 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.11.002.PubMed
38.
Weisman O, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R: Intranasal oxytocin administration is reflected in human saliva. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012, 37 (9): 1582-1586. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.014.PubMed
39.
Van Ijzendoorn MH, Bhandari R, van der Veen R, Grewen KM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ: Elevated salivary levels of oxytocin persist more than 7 h after intranasal administration. Front Neurosci. 2012, 6: 174-PubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Kosfeld M, Heinrichs M, Zak PJ, Fischbacher U, Fehr E: Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature. 2005, 435 (7042): 673-676. 10.1038/nature03701.PubMed
41.
Van Ijzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ: A sniff of trust: meta-analysis of the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on face recognition, trust to in-group, and trust to out-group. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012, 37 (3): 438-443. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.008.PubMed
42.
Heinrichs M, Baumgartner T, Kirschbaum C, Ehlert U: Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress. Biol Psychiatry. 2003, 54 (12): 1389-1398. 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00465-7.PubMed
43.
Norman GJ, Cacioppo JT, Morris JS, Malarkey WB, Berntson GG, DeVries AC: Oxytocin increases autonomic cardiac control: Moderation by loneliness. Biol Psychol. 2011, 86 (3): 174-180. 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.11.006.PubMed
44.
Domes G, Heinrichs M, Glascher J, Buchel C, Braus DF, Herpertz SC: Oxytocin attenuates amygdala responses to emotional faces regardless of valence. Biol Psychiatry. 2007, 62 (10): 1187-1190. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.03.025.PubMed
45.
Kirsch P, Esslinger C, Chen Q, Mier D, Lis S, Siddhanti S, Gruppe H, Mattay VS, Gallhofer B, Meyer-Lindenberg A: Oxytocin modulates neural circuitry for social cognition and fear in humans. J Neurosci. 2005, 25 (49): 11489-11493. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3984-05.2005.PubMed
46.
Singer T, Snozzi R, Bird G, Petrovic P, Silani G, Heinrichs M, Dolan RJ: Effects of oxytocin and prosocial behavior on brain responses to direct and vicariously experienced pain. Emotion. 2008, 8 (6): 781-791.PubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Sripada CS, Phan KL, Labuschagne I, Welsh R, Nathan PJ, Wood AG: Oxytocin enhances resting-state connectivity between amygdala and medial frontal cortex. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012, 16 (02): 255-260.PubMed
48.
Kubzansky LD, Mendes WB, Appleton AA, Block J, Adler GK: A heartfelt response: oxytocin effects on response to social stress in men and women. Biol Psychol. 2012, 90 (1): 1-9. 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.010.PubMedPubMedCentral
49.
De Dreu CK: Oxytocin modulates the link between adult attachment and cooperation through reduced betrayal aversion. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012, 37 (7): 871-880. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.003.PubMed
50.
Riem MM, van Ijzendoorn MH, Tops M, Boksem MA, Rombouts SA, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ: Oxytocin effects on complex brain networks are moderated by experiences of maternal love withdrawal. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013, 23 (10): 1288-1295. 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.011.PubMed
51.
Bartz JA, Zaki J, Bolger N, Ochsner KN: Social effects of oxytocin in humans: context and person matter. Trends Cogn Sci. 2011, 15 (7): 301-309.PubMed
52.
Olff M, Frijling JL, Kubzansky LD, Bradley B, Ellenbogen MA, Cardoso C, Bartz JA, Yee JR, van Zuiden M: The role of oxytocin in social bonding, stress regulation and mental health: An update on the moderating effects of context and interindividual differences. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013, 38 (9): 1883-1894. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.019.PubMed
53.
Cohen H, Kaplan Z, Kozlovsky N, Gidron Y, Matar MA, Zohar J: Hippocampal microinfusion of oxytocin attenuates the behavioural response to stress by means of dynamic interplay with the glucocorticoid-catecholamine responses. J Neuroendocrinol. 2010, 22 (8): 889-904.PubMed
54.
Toth I, Neumann ID, Slattery DA: Central administration of oxytocin receptor ligands affects cued fear extinction in rats and mice in a timepoint-dependent manner. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012, 223 (2): 149-158. 10.1007/s00213-012-2702-4.
55.
Yatzkar U, Klein E: Intranasal oxytocin in patients with post traumatic stress disorder: a single dose, pilot double blind crossover study. Clin Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009, 20: S84-S84.
56.
Brewin CR, Rose S, Andrews B, Green J, Tata P, McEvedy C, Turner S, Foa EB: Brief screening instrument for post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2002, 181: 158-162.PubMed
57.
Brunet A, Weiss DS, Metzler TJ, Best SR, Neylan TC, Rogers C, Fagan J, Marmar CR: The peritraumatic distress inventory: a proposed measure of PTSD criterion A2. Am J Psychiatry. 2001, 158 (9): 1480-1485. 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.9.1480.PubMed
58.
Walters JT, Bisson JI, Shepherd JP: Predicting post-traumatic stress disorder: validation of the Trauma Screening Questionnaire in victims of assault. Psychol Med. 2007, 37 (1): 143-150. 10.1017/S0033291706008658.PubMed
59.
Nishi D, Matsuoka Y, Yonemoto N, Noguchi H, Kim Y, Kanba S: Peritraumatic distress inventory as a predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder after a severe motor vehicle accident. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010, 64 (2): 149-156. 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02065.x.PubMed
60.
Mouthaan J, Sijbrandij M, Reitsma JB, Gersons BPR, Olff M: Early screening for posttraumatic stress disorder: a comparative accuracy study. in preparation
61.
Feifel D, Macdonald K, Nguyen A, Cobb P, Warlan H, Galangue B, Minassian A, Becker O, Cooper J, Perry W, Lefebvre M, Gonzales J, Hadley A: Adjunctive intranasal oxytocin reduces symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Biol Psychiatry. 2010, 68 (7): 678-680. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.039.PubMed
62.
Ohlsson B, Truedsson M, Bengtsson M, Torstenson R, Sjolund K, Bjornsson ES, Simren M: Effects of long-term treatment with oxytocin in chronic constipation; a double blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2005, 17 (5): 697-704. 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2005.00679.x.PubMed
63.
Macdonald E, Dadds MR, Brennan JL, Williams K, Levy F, Cauchi AJ: A review of safety, side-effects and subjective reactions to intranasal oxytocin in human research. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011, 36 (8): 1114-1126. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.02.015.PubMed
64.
Foa EB, Riggs DS, Dancu CV, Rothbaum BO: Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 1993, 6 (4): 459-473. 10.1002/jts.2490060405.
65.
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth ed., text revision). 2000, Washington, DC: Author
66.
Dekkers AM, Olff M, Naring GW: Identifying persons at risk for PTSD after trauma with TSQ in the Netherlands. Community Ment Health J. 2010, 46 (1): 20-25. 10.1007/s10597-009-9195-6.PubMed
67.
Jehel L, Brunet A, Paterniti S, Guelfi JD: Validation of the peritraumatic distress inventory’s French translation. Can J Psychiatry. 2005, 50 (1): 67-71.PubMed
68.
Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Gusman FD, Charney DS, Keane TM: The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. J Trauma Stress. 1995, 8 (1): 75-90. 10.1002/jts.2490080106.PubMed
69.
Hovens JE, van DP, Klaarenbeek MT, Bramsen I, Schreuder JN, Rivero VV: The assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder: with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale: Dutch results. J Clin Psychol. 1994, 50 (3): 325-340. 10.1002/1097-4679(199405)50:3<325::AID-JCLP2270500304>3.0.CO;2-M.PubMed
70.
Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Baker R, Dunbar GC: The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998, 59 (20): 22-33.PubMed
71.
Van Vliet IM, De Beurs E: [The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A brief structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV en ICD-10 psychiatric disorders]. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2007, 46 (6): 393-397.
72.
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP: The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983, 67 (0001–690; 0001–690; 6): 361-370.PubMed
73.
Spinhoven P, Ormel J, Sloekers PP, Kempen GI, Speckens AE, Van Hemert AM: A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in different groups of Dutch subjects. Psychol Med. 1997, 27 (2): 363-370. 10.1017/S0033291796004382.PubMed
74.
Weiss DS: The impact of event scale-revised. Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD. Edited by: Wilson JP, Keane TM. 2004, New York, NY: Guilford Press, 168-169. 2
75.
Vercoulen JHMM, Alberts M, Bleijenberg G: The checklist individual strength. Gedragstherapie. 1999, 32: 131-136.
76.
Eriksen HR, Ihlebaek C, Ursin H: A scoring system for subjective health complaints (SHC). Scand J Public Health. 1999, 27 (1): 63-72.PubMed
77.
Skevington SM, Lotfy M, O’Connell KA: The World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group. Qual Life Res. 2004, 13 (2): 299-310.PubMed
78.
Trompenaars FJ, Masthoff ED, Van Heck GL, Hodiamont PP, De Vries J: Content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the WHOQOL-Bref in a population of Dutch adult psychiatric outpatients. Qual Life Res. 2005, 14 (1): 151-160. 10.1007/s11136-004-0787-x.PubMed
79.
Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE: Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. 1970, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press
80.
Van der Ploeg H: Validity of the zelf-beoordelings-vragenlijst (a Dutch version of the spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory). Ned Tijdschr Psychol. 1980, 35 (4): 243-249.
81.
Van Sonderen E: Sociale steun lijst-interacties (SSL-I) en sociale steun lijst-discrepanties (SSL-D): een handleiding [social support list-interactions (SSL-I) and social support list-discripancies (SSL-D): a manual]. 1993, Groningen: Noordelijk Centrum voor Gezondheidsvraagstukken, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
82.
Brennan KA, Clark CL, Shaver PR: Self-report measurement of adult attachment. Attachment Theory and Close Relationships. Edited by: Simpsom JA, Rholes WS. 1998, New York: The Guilford Press, 46-76.
83.
Ravitz P, Maunder R, Hunter J, Sthankiya B, Lancee W: Adult attachment measures: a 25-year review. J Psychosom Res. 2010, 69 (4): 419-432. 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.08.006.PubMed
84.
Amirkhan JH: Criterion validity of a coping measure. J Pers Assess. 1994, 62 (2): 242-261. 10.1207/s15327752jpa6202_6.PubMed
85.
Marmar CR, Metzler TJ, Otte C: The peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire. Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD. Edited by: Wilson JP, Keane TM. 2004, New York, NY: Guilford Press, 144-167. 2
86.
Sijbrandij M, Engelhard IM, Opmeer BC, van de Schoot R, Carlier IV, Gersons BP, Olff M: The structure of peritraumatic dissociation: a cross validation in clinical and nonclinical samples. J Trauma Stress. 2012, 25 (4): 475-479. 10.1002/jts.21716.PubMed
87.
Bremner JD, Vermetten E, Mazure CM: Development and preliminary psychometric properties of an instrument for the measurement of childhood trauma: the Early Trauma Inventory. Depress Anxiety. 2000, 12 (1): 1-12. 10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:1<1::AID-DA1>3.0.CO;2-W.PubMed
88.
Quintana DS, Heathers JA, Kemp AH: On the validity of using the Polar RS800 heart rate monitor for heart rate variability research. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012, 112: 4179-4180. 10.1007/s00421-012-2453-2.PubMed
89.
Griffin MG, Resick PA, Yehuda R: Enhanced cortisol suppression following dexamethasone administration in domestic violence survivors. Am J Psychiatry. 2005, 162 (6): 1192-10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1192.PubMedPubMedCentral
90.
Gow R, Thomson S, Rieder M, Van Uum S, Koren G: An assessment of cortisol analysis in hair and its clinical applications. Forensic Sci Int. 2010, 196 (1): 32-37.PubMed
91.
Weaver IC, Cervoni N, Champagne FA, D’Alessio AC, Sharma S, Seckl JR, Dymov S, Szyf M, Meaney MJ: Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nat Neurosci. 2004, 7 (8): 847-854. 10.1038/nn1276.PubMed
92.
Szyf M: The early life social environment and DNA methylation: DNA methylation mediating the long-term impact of social environments early in life. Epigenetics. 2011, 6 (8): 971-978. 10.4161/epi.6.8.16793.PubMedPubMedCentral
93.
Smith AK, Conneely KN, Kilaru V, Mercer KB, Weiss TE, Bradley B, Tang Y, Gillespie CF, Cubells JF, Ressler KJ: Differential immune system DNA methylation and cytokine regulation in post‒traumatic stress disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2011, 156 (6): 700-708. 10.1002/ajmg.b.31212.
94.
Roth TL, Lubin FD, Funk AJ, Sweatt JD: Lasting epigenetic influence of early-life adversity on the BDNF gene. Biol Psychiatry. 2009, 65 (9): 760-769. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.028.PubMedPubMedCentral
95.
Uddin M, Aiello AE, Wildman DE, Koenen KC, Pawelec G, de Los SR, Goldmann E, Galea S: Epigenetic and immune function profiles associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010, 107 (20): 9470-9475. 10.1073/pnas.0910794107.PubMedPubMedCentral
96.
Elashoff JD: nQuery Advisor (Version 7.0) [Computer software]. 2007, Boston, MA: Statistical Solutions
97.
Pedersen CA, Gibson CM, Rau SW, Salimi K, Smedley KL, Casey RL, Leserman J, Jarskog LF, Penn DL: Intranasal oxytocin reduces psychotic symptoms and improves theory of mind and social perception in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2011, 132 (1): 50-53. 10.1016/j.schres.2011.07.027.PubMed
98.
Mouthaan J, Sijbrandij M, de Vries GJ, Reitsma JB, van de Schoot R, Goslings JC, Luitse JS, Bakker FC, Gersons BP, Olff M: Internet-based early intervention to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder in injury patients: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2013, 15 (8): e165-10.2196/jmir.2460.PubMedPubMedCentral
99.
Bryant RA, O’Donnell ML, Creamer M, McFarlane AC, Clark CR, Silove D: The psychiatric sequelae of traumatic injury. Am J Psychiatry. 2010, 167 (3): 312-320. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09050617.PubMed
100.
Delahanty DL, Raimonde AJ, Spoonster E, Cullado M: Injury severity, prior trauma history, urinary cortisol levels, and acute PTSD in motor vehicle accident victims. J Anxiety Disord. 2003, 17 (2): 149-164. 10.1016/S0887-6185(02)00185-8.PubMed
101.
Kearns MC, Ressler KJ, Zatzick D, Rothbaum BO: Early interventions for PTSD: a review. Depress Anxiety. 2012, 29 (10): 833-842. 10.1002/da.21997.PubMedPubMedCentral
102.
Van Zuiden M, Heijnen CJ, Maas M, Amarouchi K, Vermetten E, Geuze E, Kavelaars A: Glucocorticoid sensitivity of leukocytes predicts PTSD, depressive and fatigue symptoms after military deployment: a prospective study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012, 37 (11): 1822-1836. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.018.PubMed
103.
Goldman MB, Gomes AM, Carter CS, Lee R: Divergent effects of two different doses of intranasal oxytocin on facial affect discrimination in schizophrenic patients with and without polydipsia. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011, 216 (1): 101-110. 10.1007/s00213-011-2193-8.
104.
Cardoso C, Ellenbogen MA, Orlando MA, Bacon SL, Joober R: Intranasal oxytocin attenuates the cortisol response to physical stress: a dose–response study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012, 38 (3): 399-407.PubMed
105.
Hall SS, Lightbody AA, McCarthy BE, Parker KJ, Reiss AL: Effects of intranasal oxytocin on social anxiety in males with fragile X syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012, 37 (4): 509-518. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.020.PubMed
106.
Guastella AJ, Hickie IB, McGuinness MM, Otis M, Woods EA, Disinger HM, Chan H, Chen TF, Banati RB: Recommendations for the standardisation of oxytocin nasal administration and guidelines for its reporting in human research. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013, 38 (5): 612-625. 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.019.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Efficacy of oxytocin administration early after psychotrauma in preventing the development of PTSD: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors
Jessie L Frijling
Mirjam van Zuiden
Saskia BJ Koch
Laura Nawijn
J Carel Goslings
Jan S Luitse
Tessa H Biesheuvel
Adriaan Honig
Fred C Bakker
Damiaan Denys
Dick J Veltman
Miranda Olff
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-92

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

BMC Psychiatry 1/2014 Go to the issue

Research article

Personality dimensions of schizophrenia patients compared to control subjects by gender and the relationship with illness severity

Research article

Psychological predictors for attendance of post-HIV test counselling and linkage to care: the Umeed cohort study in Goa, India

Research article

Risk stratification using data from electronic medical records better predicts suicide risks than clinician assessments

Research article

Movement disorders in neuroleptic-naïve patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Research article

A pooled analysis of injection site-related adverse events in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine long-acting injection

Case report

Case report: bipolar disorder as the first manifestation of CADASIL