Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress 2023 EHA Congress 2023 ASCO Annual Meeting
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

ACC 2024 Congress

Catch up on all the top stories and latest evidence in cardiology research with our ACC 2024 Congress hub page.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Cancer
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements in lung cancer with nodular ground-glass opacity

Authors: Sung-Jun Ko, Yeon Joo Lee, Jong Sun Park, Young-Jae Cho, Ho Il Yoon, Jin-Haeng Chung, Tae Jung Kim, Kyung Won Lee, Kwhanmien Kim, Sanghoon Jheon, Hyojin Kim, Jae Ho Lee, Choon-Taek Lee

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Nodular ground-glass opacities (nGGO) are a specific type of lung adenocarcinoma. ALK rearrangements and driver mutations such as EGFR and K-ras are frequently found in all types of lung adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutations play a role in the early carcinogenesis of nGGOs, but the role of ALK rearrangement remains unknown.

Methods

We studied 217 nGGOs resected from 215 lung cancer patients. Pathology, tumor size, tumor disappearance rate, and the EGFR and ALK markers were analyzed.

Results

All but one of the resected nGGOs were adenocarcinomas. ALK rearrangements and EGFR mutations were found in 6 (2.8%) and 119 (54.8%) cases. The frequency of ALK rearrangement in nGGO was significantly lower than previously reported in adenocarcinoma. Advanced disease stage (p = 0.018) and larger tumor size (p = 0.037) were more frequent in the ALK rearrangement-positive group than in ALK rearrangement-negative patients. nGGOs with ALK rearrangements were associated with significantly higher pathologic stage and larger maximal and solid diameter in comparison to EGFR-mutated lesions.

Conclusion

ALK rearrangement is rare in lung cancer with nGGOs, but is associated with advanced stage and larger tumor size, suggesting its association with aggressive progression of lung adenocarcinoma. ALK rearrangement may not be important in early pathogenesis of nGGO.
Literature
1.
Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, Black WC, Clapp JD, Fagerstrom RM, Gareen IF, Gatsonis C, Marcus PM, Sicks J: Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med. 2011, 365 (5): 395-409.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Godoy MC, Naidich DP: Subsolid Pulmonary Nodules and the Spectrum of Peripheral Adenocarcinomas of the Lung: Recommended Interim Guidelines for Assessment and Management. Radiology. 2009, 253 (3): 606-622. 10.1148/radiol.2533090179.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Lee HY, Lee KS: Ground-glass opacity nodules: histopathology, imaging evaluation, and clinical implications. J Thorac Imaging. 2011, 26 (2): 106-118. 10.1097/RTI.0b013e3181fbaa64.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, Nicholson AG, Geisinger KR, Yatabe Y, Beer DG, Powell CA, Riely GJ, Van Schil PE, Garg K, Austin JH, Asamura H, Rusch VW, Hirsch FR, Scagliotti G, Mitsudomi T, Huber RM, Ishikawa Y, Jett J, Sanchez-Cespedes M, Sculier JP, Takahashi T, Tsuboi M, Vansteenkiste J, Wistuba I, Yang PC, Aberle D, Brambilla C, Flieder D, et al: International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2011, 6 (2): 244-285. 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318206a221.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Takeuchi T, Tomida S, Yatabe Y, Kosaka T, Osada H, Yanagisawa K, Mitsudomi T, Takahashi T: Expression profile-defined classification of lung adenocarcinoma shows close relationship with underlying major genetic changes and clinicopathologic behaviors. J Thorac Oncol. 2006, 24 (11): 1679-1688.
6.
Maemondo M, Inoue A, Kobayashi K, Sugawara S, Oizumi S, Isobe H, Gemma A, Harada M, Yoshizawa H, Kinoshita I: Gefitinib or chemotherapy for non–small-cell lung cancer with mutated EGFR. N Engl J Med. 2010, 362 (25): 2380-2388. 10.1056/NEJMoa0909530.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Mitsudomi T, Morita S, Yatabe Y, Negoro S, Okamoto I, Tsurutani J, Seto T, Satouchi M, Tada H, Hirashima T: Gefitinib versus cisplatin plus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (WJTOG3405): an open label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010, 11 (2): 121-128. 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70364-X.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zhou C, Wu YL, Chen G, Feng J, Liu XQ, Wang C, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhou S, Ren S, Lu S, Zhang L, Hu C, Luo Y, Chen L, Ye M, Huang J, Zhi X, Zhang Y, Xiu Q, Ma J, Zhang L, You C: Erlotinib versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (OPTIMAL, CTONG-0802): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2011, 12 (8): 735-742. 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70184-X.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Soda M, Choi YL, Enomoto M, Takada S, Yamashita Y, Ishikawa S, Fujiwara S-i, Watanabe H, Kurashina K, Hatanaka H: Identification of the transforming EML4–ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. Nature. 2007, 448 (7153): 561-566. 10.1038/nature05945.CrossRefPubMed
10.
Kwak EL, Bang Y-J, Camidge DR, Shaw AT, Solomon B, Maki RG, Ou S-HI, Dezube BJ, Jänne PA, Costa DB: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in non–small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010, 363 (18): 1693-1703. 10.1056/NEJMoa1006448.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Shaw AT, Kim D-W, Nakagawa K, Seto T, Crinó L, Ahn M-J, De Pas T, Besse B, Solomon BJ, Blackhall F: Crizotinib versus chemotherapy in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013, 368 (25): 2385-2394. 10.1056/NEJMoa1214886.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Ettinger DS, Akerley W, Borghaei H, Chang AC, Cheney RT, Chirieac LR, D’Amico TA, Demmy TL, Ganti AKP, Govindan R: Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2012, 10 (10): 1236-1271.
13.
Lindeman NI, Cagle PT, Beasley MB, Chitale DA, Dacic S, Giaccone G, Jenkins RB, Kwiatkowski DJ, Saldivar J-S, Squire J: Molecular testing guideline for selection of lung cancer patients for EGFR and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors: guideline from the College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology. J Mol Diagn. 2013, 15 (4): 415-453. 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2013.03.001.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Aoki T, Hanamiya M, Uramoto H, Hisaoka M, Yamashita Y, Korogi Y: Adenocarcinomas with Predominant Ground-Glass Opacity: Correlation of Morphology and Molecular Biomarkers. Radiology. 2012, 264 (2): 590-596. 10.1148/radiol.12111337.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Chung J-H, Choe G, Jheon S, Sung S-W, Kim TJ, Lee KW, Lee JH, Lee C-T: Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation and pathologic-radiologic correlation between multiple lung nodules with ground-glass opacity differentiates multicentric origin from intrapulmonary spread. J Thorac Oncol. 2009, 4 (12): 1490-1495. 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181bc9731.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Yoshida Y, Kokubu A, Suzuki K, Kuribayashi H, Tsuta K, Matsuno Y, Kusumoto M, Kanai Y, Asamura H, Hirohashi S: Molecular markers and changes of computed tomography appearance in lung adenocarcinoma with ground-glass opacity. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2007, 37 (12): 907-912. 10.1093/jjco/hym139.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Yano M, Sasaki H, Kobayashi Y, Yukiue H, Haneda H, Suzuki E, Endo K, Kawano O, Hara M, Fujii Y: Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation and computed tomographic findings in peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2006, 1 (5): 413-416. 10.1097/01243894-200606000-00006.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Okada M, Nishio W, Sakamoto T, Uchino K, Tsubota N: Discrepancy of computed tomographic image between lung and mediastinal windows as a prognostic implication in small lung adenocarcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003, 76 (6): 1828-1832. 10.1016/S0003-4975(03)01077-4.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Goldstraw P: The 7th Edition of TNM in Lung Cancer: what now?. J Thorac Oncol. 2009, 4 (6): 671-673. 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31819e7814.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Kim HJ, Lee KY, Kim Y-C, Kim K-S, Lee SY, Jang TW, Lee MK, Shin K-C, Lee GH, Lee JC: Detection and comparison of peptide nucleic acid-mediated real-time polymerase chain reaction clamping and direct gene sequencing for epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2012, 75 (3): 321-325. 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.08.005.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Lee HJ, Xu X, Kim H, Jin Y, Sun P, Kim JE, Chung J-H: Comparison of Direct Sequencing, PNA Clamping-Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, and Pyrosequencing Methods for the Detection of EGFR Mutations in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma and the Correlation with Clinical Responses to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. Korean J Pathol. 2013, 47 (1): 52-60. 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.1.52.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Paik JH, Choe G, Kim H, Choe J-Y, Lee HJ, Lee C-T, Lee JS, Jheon S, Chung J-H: Screening of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement by immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer: correlation with fluorescence in situ hybridization. J Thorac Oncol. 2011, 6 (3): 466-472. 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31820b82e8.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Paik JH, Choi C-M, Kim H, Jang SJ, Choe G, Kim DK, Kim HJ, Yoon H, Lee C-T, Jheon S: Clinicopathologic implication of ALK rearrangement in surgically resected lung cancer: a proposal of diagnostic algorithm for ALK-rearranged adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer. 2012, 76 (3): 403-409. 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.11.008.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Kim H, Shim HS, Kim L, Kim T-J, Kwon KY, Lee GK, Chung J-H: Guideline Recommendations for Testing of ALK Gene Rearrangement in Lung Cancer: a Proposal of the Korean Cardiopulmonary Pathology Study Group. Korean J Pathol. 2014, 48: 1-9. 10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.1.1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
25.
Choi H, Paeng JC, Kim D-W, Lee JK, Park CM, Kang KW, Chung J-K, Lee DS: Metabolic and metastatic characteristics of ALK–rearranged lung adenocarcinoma on FDG PET/CT. Lung Cancer. 2013, 79 (3): 242-247. 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.11.021.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Koh Y, Kim D-W, Kim TM, Lee S-H, Jeon YK, Chung DH, Kim Y-W, Heo DS, Kim W-H, Bang Y-J: Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma: suggestion for an effective screening strategy for these tumors. J Thorac Oncol. 2011, 6 (5): 905-912. 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3182111461.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Aoki T, Tomoda Y, Watanabe H, Nakata H, Kasai T, Hashimoto H, Kodate M, Osaki T, Yasumoto K: Peripheral Lung Adenocarcinoma: Correlation of Thin-Section CT Findings with Histologic Prognostic Factors and Survival. Radiology. 2001, 220 (3): 803-809. 10.1148/radiol.2203001701.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Takashima S, Maruyama Y, Hasegawa M, Yamanda T, Honda T, Kadoya M, Sone S: CT findings and progression of small peripheral lung neoplasms having a replacement growth pattern. Am J Roentgenol. 2003, 180 (3): 817-826. 10.2214/ajr.180.3.1800817.CrossRef
29.
Fukui T, Yatabe Y, Kobayashi Y, Tomizawa K, Ito S, Hatooka S, Matsuo K, Mitsudomi T: Clinicoradiologic characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring EML4-ALK fusion oncogene. Lung Cancer. 2012, 77 (2): 319-325. 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.03.013.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Rodig SJ, Mino-Kenudson M, Dacic S, Yeap BY, Shaw A, Barletta JA, Stubbs H, Law K, Lindeman N, Mark E: Unique clinicopathologic features characterize ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma in the western population. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15 (16): 5216-5223. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0802.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Takeuchi K, Soda M, Togashi Y, Suzuki R, Sakata S, Hatano S, Asaka R, Hamanaka W, Ninomiya H, Uehara H: RET, ROS1 and ALK fusions in lung cancer. Nat Med. 2012, 18 (3): 378-381. 10.1038/nm.2658.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Wang Z, Zhang X, Bai H, Zhao J, Zhuo M, An T, Duan J, Yang L, Wu M, Wang S: EML4-ALK rearrangement and its clinical significance in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Oncology. 2012, 83 (5): 248-256. 10.1159/000341381.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Pillai RN, Ramalingam SS: The Biology and Clinical Features of Non–small Cell Lung Cancers with EML4-ALK Translocation. Curr Oncol Rep. 2012, 14 (2): 105-110. 10.1007/s11912-012-0213-4.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Jokoji R, Yamasaki T, Minami S, Komuta K, Sakamaki Y, Takeuchi K, Tsujimoto M: Combination of morphological feature analysis and immunohistochemistry is useful for screening of EML4-ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 2010, 63 (12): 1066-1070. 10.1136/jcp.2010.081166.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Yoshida A, Tsuta K, Nakamura H, Kohno T, Takahashi F, Asamura H, Sekine I, Fukayama M, Shibata T, Furuta K: Comprehensive histologic analysis of ALK-rearranged lung carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011, 35 (8): 1226-1234. 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182233e06.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Park J, Yamaura H, Yatabe Y, Hosoda W, Kondo C, Shimizu J, Horio Y, Yoshida K, Tanaka K, Oguri T, Kobayashi Y, Hida H: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangements in patients with advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: CT characteristics and response to chemotherapy. Cancer Med. 2014, 3 (1): 118-123. 10.1002/cam4.172.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Yatabe Y, Kosaka T, Takahashi T, Mitsudomi T: EGFR mutation is specific for terminal respiratory unit type adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005, 29 (5): 633-639. 10.1097/01.pas.0000157935.28066.35.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Park WY, Kim MH, Shin DH, Lee JH, Choi KU, Kim JY, Park DY, Lee CH, Sol MY: Ciliated adenocarcinomas of the lung: a tumor of non-terminal respiratory unit origin. Mod Pathol. 2012, 25 (9): 1265-1274. 10.1038/modpathol.2012.76.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Inamura K, Takeuchi K, Togashi Y, Hatano S, Ninomiya H, Motoi N, Mun M-y, Sakao Y, Okumura S, Nakagawa K: EML4-ALK lung cancers are characterized by rare other mutations, a TTF-1 cell lineage, an acinar histology, and young onset. Mod Pathol. 2009, 22 (4): 508-515. 10.1038/modpathol.2009.2.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Li Y, Li Y, Yang T, Wei S, Wang J, Wang M, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Liu H, Chen J: Clinical Significance of EML4-ALK Fusion Gene and Association with EGFR and KRAS Gene Mutations in 208 Chinese Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One. 2013, 8 (1): e52093-10.1371/journal.pone.0052093.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Takahashi T, Kobayashi M, Yoshizawa A, Menju T, Nakayama E: Clinicopathologic features of non-small-cell lung cancer with EML4–ALK fusion gene. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010, 17 (3): 889-897. 10.1245/s10434-009-0808-7.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Kim H, Jang SJ, Chung DH, Yoo SB, Sun P, Jin Y, Nam KH, Paik JH, Chung JH: A comprehensive comparative analysis of the histomorphological features of ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma based on driver oncogene mutations: frequent expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers than other genotype. PLoS One. 2013, 8 (10): e76999-10.1371/journal.pone.0076999.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Kang HJ, Lim HJ, Park JS, Cho YJ, Yoon HI, Chung JH, Lee JH, Lee CT: Comparison of clinical characteristics between patients with ALK-positive and EGFR-positive lung adenocarcinoma. Respir Med. 2014, 108 (2): 388-394. 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.11.020.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, Harris PL, Haserlat SM, Supko JG, Haluska FG: Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non–small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 2004, 350 (21): 2129-2139. 10.1056/NEJMoa040938.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Huang Y-s, Yang J-j, Zhang X-c, Yang X-n, Huang Y-j, Xu C-r, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Su J, Wu Y: Impact of smoking status and pathologic type on epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer. Chin Med J. 2011, 124 (16): 2457-2460.PubMed
46.
Kim HR, Ahn JR, Lee JG, Bang DH, Ha S-J, Hong YK, Kim SM, Nam KC, Rha SY, Soo RA: The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Frequency of and Qualitative Differences in KRAS Mutations in Korean Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Yonsei Med J. 2013, 54 (4): 865-874. 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.4.865.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Kosaka T, Yatabe Y, Endoh H, Kuwano H, Takahashi T, Mitsudomi T: Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in lung cancer biological and clinical implications. Cancer Res. 2004, 64 (24): 8919-8923. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2818.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Liam C-K, Wahid MIA, Rajadurai P, Cheah Y-K, Ng TS-Y: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma in Malaysian Patients. J Thorac Oncol. 2013, 8 (6): 766-772. 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31828b5228.CrossRefPubMed
49.
Sun P-L, Seol H, Lee HJ, Yoo SB, Kim H, Xu X, Jheon S, Lee C-T, Lee J-S, Chung J-H: High Incidence of EGFR Mutations in Korean Men Smokers with No Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Lung Adenocarcinomas: Correlation with Histologic Subtypes, EGFR/TTF-1 Expressions, and Clinical Features. J Thorac Oncol. 2012, 7 (2): 323-330. 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3182381515.CrossRefPubMed
50.
Uramoto H, So T, Nagata Y, Kuroda K, Shigematsu Y, Baba T, So T, Takenoyama M, Hanagiri T, Yasumoto K: Correlation between HLA alleles and EGFR mutation in Japanese patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. J Thorac Oncol. 2010, 5 (8): 1136-1142. 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181e0b993.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Hsu K-H, Chen K-C, Yang T-Y, Yeh Y-C, Chou T-Y, Chen H-Y, Tsai C-R, Chen C-Y, Hsu C-P, Hsia J-Y: Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in stage I lung adenocarcinoma with different image patterns. J Thorac Oncol. 2011, 6 (6): 1066-1072. 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31821667b0.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Lee H-J, Kim YT, Kang CH, Zhao B, Tan Y, Schwartz LH, Persigehl T, Jeon YK, Chung DH: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation in Lung Adenocarcinomas: Relationship with CT Characteristics and Histologic Subtypes. Radiology. 2013, 268 (1): 254-264. 10.1148/radiol.13112553.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements in lung cancer with nodular ground-glass opacity
Authors
Sung-Jun Ko
Yeon Joo Lee
Jong Sun Park
Young-Jae Cho
Ho Il Yoon
Jin-Haeng Chung
Tae Jung Kim
Kyung Won Lee
Kwhanmien Kim
Sanghoon Jheon
Hyojin Kim
Jae Ho Lee
Choon-Taek Lee
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-312

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

BMC Cancer 1/2014 Go to the issue

Research article

High testosterone levels in prostate tissue obtained by needle biopsy correlate with poor-prognosis factors in prostate cancer patients

Research article

Integrity of the LXXLL motif in Stat6 is required for the inhibition of breast cancer cell growth and enhancement of differentiation in the context of progesterone

Research article

Plasmalemmal Vesicle Associated Protein (PLVAP) as a therapeutic target for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Research article

N-nitroso-N-ethylurea activates DNA damage surveillance pathways and induces transformation in mammalian cells

Research article

Molecular characterisation of isogenic taxane resistant cell lines identify novel drivers of drug resistance

Debate

The biography of the immune system and the control of cancer: from St Peregrine to contemporary vaccination strategies
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits