Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Cancer
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2010

Open Access 01-12-2010 | Research article

Long-term survival of cancer patients compared to heart failure and stroke: A systematic review

Authors: Vasileios Askoxylakis, Christian Thieke, Sven T Pleger, Patrick Most, Judith Tanner, Katja Lindel, Hugo A Katus, Jürgen Debus, Marc Bischof

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Cancer, heart failure and stroke are among the most common causes of death worldwide. Investigation of the prognostic impact of each disease is important, especially for a better understanding of competing risks. Aim of this study is to provide an overview of long term survival of cancer, heart failure and stroke patients based on the results of large population- and hospital-based studies.

Methods

Records for our study were identified by searches of Medline via Pubmed. We focused on observed and relative age- and sex-adjusted 5-year survival rates for cancer in general and for the four most common malignancies in developed countries, i.e. lung, breast, prostate and colorectal cancer, as well as for heart failure and stroke.

Results

Twenty studies were identified and included for analysis. Five-year observed survival was about 43% for all cancer entities, 40-68% for stroke and 26-52% for heart failure. Five-year age and sex adjusted relative survival was 50-57% for all cancer entities, about 50% for stroke and about 62% for heart failure. In regard to the four most common malignancies in developed countries 5-year relative survival was 12-18% for lung cancer, 73-89% for breast cancer, 50-99% for prostate cancer and about 43-63% for colorectal cancer. Trend analysis revealed a survival improvement over the last decades.

Conclusions

The results indicate that long term survival and prognosis of cancer is not necessarily worse than that of heart failure and stroke. However, a comparison of the prognostic impact of the different diseases is limited, corroborating the necessity for further systematic investigation of competing risks.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Yancik R: Population aging and cancer: a cross-national concern. Cancer J. 2005, 11: 437-41. 10.1097/00130404-200511000-00002.CrossRefPubMed
2.
Ferlay J, Autier P, Boniol M, Heanue M, Colombet M, Boyle P: Estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006. Ann Oncol. 2007, 18: 581-92. 10.1093/annonc/mdl498.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF: Pattern of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. Clin Oncol. 2006, 24: 2137-50. 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.2308.CrossRef
4.
Hortobagyi GN, de la Garza Salazar J, Pritchard K, Amadori D, Haidinger R, Hudis CA, Khaled H, Liu MC, Martin M, Namer M, O'Shaughnessy JA, Shen ZZ, Albain KS, ABREAST Investigators: The global breast cancer burden: variations in epidemiology and survival. Clin Breast Cancer. 2005, 6: 391-401. 10.3816/CBC.2005.n.043.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Crawford ED: Understanding the epidemiology, natural history, and key pathways involved in prostate cancer. Urology. 2009, 73 (Suppl 5): 4-10. 10.1016/j.urology.2009.03.001.CrossRef
6.
7.
Weitz J, Koch M, Debus J, Höhler T, Galle PR, Büchler MW: Colorectal cancer. Lancet. 2005, 365: 153-65. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17706-X.CrossRefPubMed
8.
9.
Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Jessup M, Konstam MA, Mancini DM, Michl K, Oates JA, Rahko PS, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Yancy CW: 2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation. 2009, 119: 391-479. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192065.CrossRef
10.
Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S, De SimoneG, Ferguson TB, Ford E, Furie K, Gillespie C, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho PM, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott MM, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino M, Nichol G, Roger V, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Stafford R, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong ND, Wylie-Rosett J, on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee: Heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 update. A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010, 121: 46-215. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703.CrossRef
11.
Koelling TM, Chen RS, Lubwama RN, L'Italien GJ, Eagle KA: The expanding national burden of heart failure in the United States: the influence of heart failure in women. Am Heart J. 2004, 147: 74-8. 10.1016/j.ahj.2003.07.021.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Warlow C: Epidemiology of stroke. Lancet. 1998, 352 (Suppl 3): 1-4. 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)90086-1.CrossRef
13.
Warlow C, Sudlow C, Dennis M, Wardlaw J, Sandercock P: Stroke. Lancet. 2003, 362: 1211-24. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14544-8.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Wolfe CD, Giroud M, Kolominsky-Rabas P, Dundas R, Lemesle M, Heuschmann P, Rudd A, for the European Registries of Stroke (EROS) Collaboration: Variations in stroke incidence and survival in 3 areas of Europe. Stroke. 2000, 31: 2074-2079.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Brønnum-Hansen H, Davidsen M, Thorvaldsen P, Danish MONICA Study Group: Long-term survival and causes of death after stroke. Stroke. 2001, 32: 2131-6. 10.1161/hs0901.094253.CrossRefPubMed
16.
De Jong G, van Raak L, Kessels F, Lodder J: Stroke subtype and mortality: a follow-up study in 998 patients with first cerebral infarct. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003, 56: 262-8. 10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00572-3.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Hankey GJ: Long-term outcome after ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003, 16 (Suppl 1): 14-19. 10.1159/000069936.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Berrino F, Sant M, Verdecchia A, Capocaccia R, Hakulinen T: Survival of cancer patients in Europe: the EUROCARE Study. 1995, Lyon. IARC Scientific Publications No. 132
19.
Berrino F, Capocaccia R, Estève J, Gatta G, Hakulinen T, Micheli A, Sant M, Verdecchia A: Survival of cancer patients in Europe: the EUROCARE-2 study. 1999, Lyon. IARC Scientific Publications No. 151
20.
Sant M, Aareleid T, Berrino F, Bielska Lasota M, Carli PM, Faivre J, Grosclaude P, Hédelin G, Matsuda T, Møller H, Möller T, Verdecchia A, Capocaccia R, Gatta G, Micheli A, Santaquilani M, Roazzi P, Lisi D, EUROCARE Working Group: EUROCARE-3: survival of cancer patients diagnosed 1990-94--results and commentary. Ann Oncol. 2003, 14 (Suppl 5): 61-118. 10.1093/annonc/mdg754.CrossRef
21.
Sant M, Allemani C, Santaquilani M, Knijn A, Marchesi F, Capocaccia R, EUROCARE Working Group: EUROCARE-4. Survival of cancer patients diagnosed in 1995-1999. Results and commentary. Eur J Cancer. 2009, 45: 931-91. 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.11.018.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Gondos A, Holleczek B, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Ziegler H, Brenner H: Trends in population-based cancer survival in Germany: to what extent does progress reach older patients?. Ann Oncol. 2007, 18: 1253-9. 10.1093/annonc/mdm126.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Gondos A, Arndt V, Holleczek B, Stegmaier C, Ziegler H, Brenner H: Cancer survival in Germany and the United States at the beginning of the 21st century: an up-to-date comparison by period analysis. Int J Cancer. 2007, 121: 395-400. 10.1002/ijc.22683.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Grivaux M, Zureik M, Marsal L, Asselain B, Peureux M, Chavaillon JM, Prud'homme A, Carbonnelle M, Goarant E, Maury B, Bedossa A, Blanchon F: Five year survival for lung cancer patients managed in general hospitals. Rev Mal Respir. 2009, 26: 37-44.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Coleman MP, Quaresma M, Berrino F, Lutz JM, De Angelis R, Capocaccia R, Baili P, Rachet B, Gatta G, Hakulinen T, Micheli A, Sant M, Weir HK, Elwood JM, Tsukuma H, Koifman S, E Silva GA, Francisci S, Santaquilani M, Verdecchia A, Storm HH, Young JL, CONCORD Working Group: Cancer survival in five continents: a worldwide population-based study (CONCORD). Lancet Oncol. 2008, 9: 730-56. 10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70179-7.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Meliker JR, Goovaerts P, Jacquez GM, Avruskin GA, Copeland G: Breast and prostate cancer survival in Michigan: can geographic analyses assist in understanding racial disparities?. Cancer. 2009, 115: 2212-21. 10.1002/cncr.24251.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
27.
28.
Chia SE, Tan CS, Lim GH, Sim X, Pawitan Y, Reilly M, Mohamed Ali S, Lau W, Chia KS: Incidence, mortality and survival patterns of prostate cancer among residents in Singapore from 1968 to 2002. BMC Cancer. 2008, 8: 368-10.1186/1471-2407-8-368.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Birgisson H, Talbäck M, Gunnarsson U, Påhlman L, Glimelius B: Improved survival in cancer of the colon and rectum in Sweden. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2005, 31: 845-53. 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.05.002.CrossRefPubMed
30.
Jhund PS, Macintyre K, Simpson CR, Lewsey JD, Stewart S, Redpath A, Chalmers JW, Capewell S, McMurray JJ: Long-term trends in first hospitalization for heart failure and subsequent survival between 1986 and 2003: a population study of 5.1 million people. Circulation. 2009, 119: 515-23. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.812172.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Blackledge HM, Tomlinson J, Squire IB: Prognosis for patients newly admitted to hospital with heart failure: survival trends in 12220 index admissions in Leicestershire 1993-2001. Heart. 2003, 89: 615-20. 10.1136/heart.89.6.615.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Mahjoub H, Rusinaru D, Soulière V, Durier C, Peltier M, Tribouilloy C: Long-term survival in patients older than 80 years hospitalised for heart failure. A 5-year prospective study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008, 10: 78-84. 10.1016/j.ejheart.2007.11.004.CrossRefPubMed
33.
Tribouilloy C, Rusinaru D, Mahjoub H, Soulière V, Lévy F, Peltier M, Slama M, Massy Z: Prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a 5 year prospective population-based study. Eur Heart J. 2008, 29: 339-47. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm554.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM: Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2006, 355: 251-9. 10.1056/NEJMoa052256.CrossRefPubMed
35.
Bravata DM, Ho SY, Brass LM, Concato J, Scinto J, Meehan TP: Long-term mortality in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 2003, 34: 699-704. 10.1161/01.STR.0000057578.26828.78.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Kim HC, Choi DP, Ahn SV, Nam CM, Suh I: Six-year survival and causes of death among stroke patients in Korea. Neuroepidemiology. 2009, 32: 94-100. 10.1159/000177034.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Reggiani M, Società Inter-Regionale Piemonte e Valle d'Aosta per le Cerebrovasculopatie Group: Five-year survival after first-ever ischaemic stroke is worse in total anterior circulation infarcts: The SINPAC Cohort. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009, 27: 29-36. 10.1159/000172631.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Vernino S, Brown RD, Sejvar JJ, Sicks JD, Petty GW, O'Fallon WM: Cause-specific mortality after first cerebral infarction: a population-based study. Stroke. 2003, 34: 1828-32. 10.1161/01.STR.0000080534.98416.A0.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Cheung CM, Tsoi TH, Hon SF, Au-Yeung M, Shiu KL, Lee CN, Huang CY: Outcomes after first-ever stroke. Hong Kong Med J. 2007, 13: 95-9.PubMed
40.
Hardie K, Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ, Anderson C: Ten-year survival after first-ever stroke in the Perth Community Stroke Study. Stroke. 2003, 34: 1842-6. 10.1161/01.STR.0000082382.42061.EE.CrossRefPubMed
41.
Hardie K, Jamrozik K, Hankey GJ, Broadhurst RJ, Anderson C: Trends in five-year survival and risk of recurrent stroke after first-ever stroke in the Perth Community Stroke Study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005, 19: 179-85. 10.1159/000083253.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Hakulinen T: Cancer survival corrected for heterogeneity in patient withdrawal. Biometrics. 1982, 38: 933-42. 10.2307/2529873.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Dickman PW, Sloggett A, Hills M, Hakulinen T: Regression models for relative survival. Stat Med. 2004, 23: 51-64. 10.1002/sim.1597.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Stewart S, MacIntyre K, Hole DJ, Capewell S, McMurray JJ: More 'malignant' than cancer? Five-year survival following a first admission for heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2001, 3: 315-22. 10.1016/S1388-9842(00)00141-0.CrossRefPubMed
45.
Chiang CL: Competing risks in mortality analysis. Annu Rev Publ Health. 1991, 12: 281-307. 10.1146/annurev.pu.12.050191.001433.CrossRef
46.
Rothenberg RB: Competing mortality and progress against cancer. Epidemiology. 1994, 5: 197-203. 10.1097/00001648-199403000-00010.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Llorca J, Delgado-Rodríguez M: Competing risks analysis using Markov chains: impact of cerebrovascular and ischaemic heart disease in cancer mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2001, 30: 99-101. 10.1093/ije/30.1.99.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Long-term survival of cancer patients compared to heart failure and stroke: A systematic review
Authors
Vasileios Askoxylakis
Christian Thieke
Sven T Pleger
Patrick Most
Judith Tanner
Katja Lindel
Hugo A Katus
Jürgen Debus
Marc Bischof
Publication date
01-12-2010
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2010
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-10-105

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

BMC Cancer 1/2010 Go to the issue

Research article

Caspase 8 and maspin are downregulated in breast cancer cells due to CpG site promoter methylation

Case report

Bilateral posterior RION after concomitant radiochemotherapy with temozolomide in a patient with glioblastoma multiforme: a case report

Case report

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the distal femur after an arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A case report and a review of the literature

Research article

Specific expression profile and prognostic significance of peroxiredoxins in grade II-IV astrocytic brain tumors

Debate

CCC meets ICU: Redefining the role of critical care of cancer patients

Research article

Hopefulness predicts resilience after hereditary colorectal cancer genetic testing: a prospective outcome trajectories study
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits