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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

The Mother-Newborn Skin-to-Skin Contact Questionnaire (MSSCQ): development and psychometric evaluation among Iranian midwives

Authors: Fatemeh Nahidi, Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian, Mohammad Heidarzadeh, Ebrahim Hajizadeh, Ali Montazeri

Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Issue 1/2014

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Abstract

Background

Despite the benefits of mother-newborn skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth, it has not been universally implemented as routine care for healthy term neonates. Midwifes are the first person to contact the neonate after birth. However, there is evidence that many midwives do not perform mother-newborn skin-to-skin contact. The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically evaluate an instrument for measuring factors associated with mother-newborn skin-to-skin contact (MSSCQ) based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model.

Methods

This was a two-phase qualitative and quantitative study. It was conducted during 2010 to 2012 in Tehran, Iran. In the qualitative part, 150 midwives working in labor room participated in 19 focus group discussions in order to generate a preliminary item pool. Then, content and face validity were performed to provide a pre-final version of the questionnaire. In the quantitative phase, reliability (internal consistency and test-retest analysis), validity and factor analysis (both exploratory and confirmatory) were performed to assess psychometric properties of the instrument.

Results

A 120-item questionnaire was developed through the qualitative phase. It was reduced to an 83-item after content validity. The exploratory factor analysis loaded fifteen-factors and three constructs (predisposing, enabling and reinforcing) containing 82 items (38, 18, and 26 statements, respectively) that jointly accounted for 60.61% of observed variance. The Confirmatory factors analysis determined a model with appropriate fitness for the data. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed excellent internal consistency (alpha = 0.92), and test-retest of the scale with 2-week intervals indicated an appropriate stability for the MSSCQ (ICC = 0.94).

Conclusion

The Mother-Newborn Skin-to-Skin Contact Questionnaire (MSSCQ) is a reliable and valid theory-based measurement and now can be used in clinical practice, midwifery and nursing studies.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
The Mother-Newborn Skin-to-Skin Contact Questionnaire (MSSCQ): development and psychometric evaluation among Iranian midwives
Authors
Fatemeh Nahidi
Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian
Mohammad Heidarzadeh
Ebrahim Hajizadeh
Ali Montazeri
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2393
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-85

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