Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor: association analyses for obesity of several polymorphisms in large study groups

go back to reference Friedel S, Reichwald K, Scherag A, Brumm H, Wermter AK, Fries HR, Koberwitz K, Wabistch M, Meitinger T, Platzer M, Biebermann H, Hinney A, Hebebrand J: Mutation screen and association studies in the Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase homolog 2 gene (DGAT2), a positional candidate gene for early onset obesity on chromosome 11q13. BMC Genet. 2007, 8: 17-10.1186/1471-2156-8-17.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Friedel S, Reichwald K, Scherag A, Brumm H, Wermter AK, Fries HR, Koberwitz K, Wabistch M, Meitinger T, Platzer M, Biebermann H, Hinney A, Hebebrand J: Mutation screen and association studies in the Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase homolog 2 gene (DGAT2), a positional candidate gene for early onset obesity on chromosome 11q13. BMC Genet. 2007, 8: 17-10.1186/1471-2156-8-17.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Brönner G, Erdmann J, Mayer B, Hinney A, Hebebrand J: Genetic factors for overweight and CAD. Herz. 2006, 31: 189-199. 10.1007/s00059-006-2797-7.CrossRefPubMed Brönner G, Erdmann J, Mayer B, Hinney A, Hebebrand J: Genetic factors for overweight and CAD. Herz. 2006, 31: 189-199. 10.1007/s00059-006-2797-7.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Barsh GS, Farooqi IS, O'Rahilly SO: Genetics of body-weight regulation. Nature. 2000, 404: 644-51.PubMed Barsh GS, Farooqi IS, O'Rahilly SO: Genetics of body-weight regulation. Nature. 2000, 404: 644-51.PubMed

go back to reference Ahima RS, Osei SY: Molecular regulation of eating behaviour: new insights and prospects for therapeutic strategies. Trends Mol Med. 2001, 7 (5): 205-213. 10.1016/S1471-4914(01)01989-X.CrossRefPubMed Ahima RS, Osei SY: Molecular regulation of eating behaviour: new insights and prospects for therapeutic strategies. Trends Mol Med. 2001, 7 (5): 205-213. 10.1016/S1471-4914(01)01989-X.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Swarbrick MM, Waldenmaier B, Pennacchio LA, Lind DL, Cavazos MM, Geller F, Merriman R, Ustaszewska A, Malloy M, Scherag A, Hsueh WS, Rief W, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Pullinger CR, Kane JP, Dent R, McPherson R, Kwok PY, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Vaisse C: Lack of support for the association between GAD2 polymorphisms and severe human obesity. PloS Biol. 2005, 3 (9): e315-10.1371/journal.pbio.0030315.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Swarbrick MM, Waldenmaier B, Pennacchio LA, Lind DL, Cavazos MM, Geller F, Merriman R, Ustaszewska A, Malloy M, Scherag A, Hsueh WS, Rief W, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Pullinger CR, Kane JP, Dent R, McPherson R, Kwok PY, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Vaisse C: Lack of support for the association between GAD2 polymorphisms and severe human obesity. PloS Biol. 2005, 3 (9): e315-10.1371/journal.pbio.0030315.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Miyawaki K, Yamada Y, Ban N, Ihara Y, Tsukiyama K, Zhou H, Fujimoto S, Oku A, Tsuda K, Toyokuni S, Hiai H, Mizunoya W, Fushiki T, Holst JJ, Makino M, Tashita A, Kobara Y, Tsubamoto Y, Jinnouchi T, Jomori T, Seino Y: Inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide signalling prevents obesity. Nat Med. 2002, 8 (7): 738-74. 10.1038/nm727.CrossRefPubMed Miyawaki K, Yamada Y, Ban N, Ihara Y, Tsukiyama K, Zhou H, Fujimoto S, Oku A, Tsuda K, Toyokuni S, Hiai H, Mizunoya W, Fushiki T, Holst JJ, Makino M, Tashita A, Kobara Y, Tsubamoto Y, Jinnouchi T, Jomori T, Seino Y: Inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide signalling prevents obesity. Nat Med. 2002, 8 (7): 738-74. 10.1038/nm727.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Ballinger A: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide links overnutrition to obesity. Gut. 2007, 52 (3): 319-320. 10.1136/gut.52.3.319.CrossRef Ballinger A: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide links overnutrition to obesity. Gut. 2007, 52 (3): 319-320. 10.1136/gut.52.3.319.CrossRef

go back to reference Flatt PR: Dorothy Hodgkin lecture 2008 Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) revisited: a new therapeutic target for obesity-diabetes?. Diabetic Medicine. 2008 Flatt PR: Dorothy Hodgkin lecture 2008 Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) revisited: a new therapeutic target for obesity-diabetes?. Diabetic Medicine. 2008

go back to reference Miyawaki K, Yamada Y, Yano H, Niwa H, Ban N, Ihara Y, Kubota A, Fujimoto S, Kajikawa M, Kuroe A, Tsuda K, Hashimoto H, Yamashita T, Jomori T, Tashiro F, Miyazaki JI, Seino Y: Glucose intolerance caused b a defect in the entero-insular axis: A study in gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96 (26): 14843-14847. 10.1073/pnas.96.26.14843.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Miyawaki K, Yamada Y, Yano H, Niwa H, Ban N, Ihara Y, Kubota A, Fujimoto S, Kajikawa M, Kuroe A, Tsuda K, Hashimoto H, Yamashita T, Jomori T, Tashiro F, Miyazaki JI, Seino Y: Glucose intolerance caused b a defect in the entero-insular axis: A study in gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96 (26): 14843-14847. 10.1073/pnas.96.26.14843.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Drucker DJ: The role of gut hormones in glucose homeostasis. J Clin Invest. 2007, 117 (1): 24-32. 10.1172/JCI30076.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Drucker DJ: The role of gut hormones in glucose homeostasis. J Clin Invest. 2007, 117 (1): 24-32. 10.1172/JCI30076.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference McClean PL, Irwin N, Cassidy RS, Holst JJ, Gault VA, Flatt PR: GIP receptor antagonism reverses obesity, insulin resistance, and associated metabolic disturbances induced in mice by prolonged consumption of high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007, 293: E1746-E1755. 10.1152/ajpendo.00460.2007.CrossRefPubMed McClean PL, Irwin N, Cassidy RS, Holst JJ, Gault VA, Flatt PR: GIP receptor antagonism reverses obesity, insulin resistance, and associated metabolic disturbances induced in mice by prolonged consumption of high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007, 293: E1746-E1755. 10.1152/ajpendo.00460.2007.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Irwin N, K'Hunter K, Flatt PR: Comparison of the metabolic effects of GIP receptor antagonism and PYY(3–36) receptor. Peptides. 2007 Irwin N, K'Hunter K, Flatt PR: Comparison of the metabolic effects of GIP receptor antagonism and PYY(3–36) receptor. Peptides. 2007

go back to reference Irwin N, McClean PL, O'Harte FPM, Gault VA, Harriot P, Flatt PR: Early administration of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonist (Pro3)GIP prevents the development of diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities associated with genetically inherited obesity in ob/ob mice. Diabetologia. 2007, 50: 1532-1540. 10.1007/s00125-007-0692-2.CrossRefPubMed Irwin N, McClean PL, O'Harte FPM, Gault VA, Harriot P, Flatt PR: Early administration of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonist (Pro³)GIP prevents the development of diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities associated with genetically inherited obesity in ob/ob mice. Diabetologia. 2007, 50: 1532-1540. 10.1007/s00125-007-0692-2.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Flatt PR: Effective surgical treatment of obesity may be mediated by ablation of the lipogenic gut hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP): evidence and clinical opportunity for development of new obesity-diabetes drugs?. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2007, 4 (2): 150-152. Flatt PR: Effective surgical treatment of obesity may be mediated by ablation of the lipogenic gut hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP): evidence and clinical opportunity for development of new obesity-diabetes drugs?. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2007, 4 (2): 150-152.

go back to reference Harada N, Yamada Y, Tsukiyama K, Yamada C, Nakamura Y, Mukai E, Hamasaki A, Liu X, Toyoda K, Seino Y, Inagaki N: A novel GIP receptor splice variant influences GIP sensitivity of pancreatic β-cells in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008, 294: E61-E68. 10.1152/ajpendo.00358.2007.CrossRefPubMed Harada N, Yamada Y, Tsukiyama K, Yamada C, Nakamura Y, Mukai E, Hamasaki A, Liu X, Toyoda K, Seino Y, Inagaki N: A novel GIP receptor splice variant influences GIP sensitivity of pancreatic β-cells in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008, 294: E61-E68. 10.1152/ajpendo.00358.2007.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Yamada Y, Seino Y: Physiology of GIP – A Lesson from GIP receptor knockout mice. Horm Metab Res. 2004, 36: 771-774. 10.1055/s-2004-826162.CrossRefPubMed Yamada Y, Seino Y: Physiology of GIP – A Lesson from GIP receptor knockout mice. Horm Metab Res. 2004, 36: 771-774. 10.1055/s-2004-826162.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Hansotia T, Maida A, Flock G, Yamada Y, Tsukiyama K, Seino Y, Drucker DJ: Extrapancreatic incretin receptors modulate glucose homeostasis, body weight, and energy expenditure. J Clin Invest. 2007, 117: 143-152. 10.1172/JCI25483.CrossRefPubMed Hansotia T, Maida A, Flock G, Yamada Y, Tsukiyama K, Seino Y, Drucker DJ: Extrapancreatic incretin receptors modulate glucose homeostasis, body weight, and energy expenditure. J Clin Invest. 2007, 117: 143-152. 10.1172/JCI25483.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Yamada C, Yamada Y, Tsukiyama K, Yamada K, Yamane S, Harada N, Miyawaki K, Seino Y, Inagaki N: Genetic inactivation of GIP signalling reverses aging-associated insulin resistance through body composition changes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007, 364: 175-180. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.128.CrossRefPubMed Yamada C, Yamada Y, Tsukiyama K, Yamada K, Yamane S, Harada N, Miyawaki K, Seino Y, Inagaki N: Genetic inactivation of GIP signalling reverses aging-associated insulin resistance through body composition changes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007, 364: 175-180. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.128.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Zhou H, Yamada Y, Tsukiyama K, Miyawaki K, Hosokawa , Nagashima K, Toyoda K, Naitoh R, Mizunoya W, Fushiki T, Kadowaki T, Seino Y: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide modulates adiposity and fat oxidation under diminished insulin action. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005, 335: 937-942. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.164.CrossRefPubMed Zhou H, Yamada Y, Tsukiyama K, Miyawaki K, Hosokawa , Nagashima K, Toyoda K, Naitoh R, Mizunoya W, Fushiki T, Kadowaki T, Seino Y: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide modulates adiposity and fat oxidation under diminished insulin action. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005, 335: 937-942. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.164.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Fulurija A, Lutz TA, Sladko K, Osto M, Wielinga PY, Bachmann MF, Saudan P: Vaccination against GIP for the treatment of obesity. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3 (9): e3163-10.1371/journal.pone.0003163.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Fulurija A, Lutz TA, Sladko K, Osto M, Wielinga PY, Bachmann MF, Saudan P: Vaccination against GIP for the treatment of obesity. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3 (9): e3163-10.1371/journal.pone.0003163.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Nitz I, Fisher E, Weikert C, Burwinkel B, Li Y, Möhlig M, Boeing H, Schreiber S, Schrezenmeir J, Döring F: Association analyses of GIP and GIPR polymorphisms with traits of the metabolic syndrome. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007, 51: 1046-1052. 10.1002/mnfr.200700048.CrossRefPubMed Nitz I, Fisher E, Weikert C, Burwinkel B, Li Y, Möhlig M, Boeing H, Schreiber S, Schrezenmeir J, Döring F: Association analyses of GIP and GIPR polymorphisms with traits of the metabolic syndrome. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007, 51: 1046-1052. 10.1002/mnfr.200700048.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Hebebrand J, Heseker H, Himmelmann GW, Schäfer H, Remschmidt H: Altersperzentilen für den Body Mass Index aus Daten der Nationalen Verzehrsstudie einschließlich einer Übersicht zu relevanten Einflußfaktoren. Aktuel Ernährungsmed. 1994, 19: 259-265. Hebebrand J, Heseker H, Himmelmann GW, Schäfer H, Remschmidt H: Altersperzentilen für den Body Mass Index aus Daten der Nationalen Verzehrsstudie einschließlich einer Übersicht zu relevanten Einflußfaktoren. Aktuel Ernährungsmed. 1994, 19: 259-265.

go back to reference WHO: [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html] WHO: [http://​www.​who.​int/​mediacentre/​factsheets/​fs311/​en/​index.​html]

go back to reference Hinney A, Bettecken T, Tarnow P, Brumm H, Reichwald K, Lichtner P, Scherag A, Nguyen TT, Schlumberger P, Rief W, Vollmert C, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Schäfer H, Platzer M, Biebermann H, Meitinger T, Hebebrand J: Prevalence, spectrum and functional characterization of melanocortin4 receptor gene mutations in a representative population-based sample and obese adults from Germany. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91 (5): 1761-69. 10.1210/jc.2005-2056.CrossRefPubMed Hinney A, Bettecken T, Tarnow P, Brumm H, Reichwald K, Lichtner P, Scherag A, Nguyen TT, Schlumberger P, Rief W, Vollmert C, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Schäfer H, Platzer M, Biebermann H, Meitinger T, Hebebrand J: Prevalence, spectrum and functional characterization of melanocortin4 receptor gene mutations in a representative population-based sample and obese adults from Germany. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006, 91 (5): 1761-69. 10.1210/jc.2005-2056.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Reinehr T, Hinney A, de Sousa G, Austrup F, Hebebrand J, Andler W: Definable somatic disorders in overweight children and adolescents. J Pediatrics. 2007, 150: 618-622. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.01.042.CrossRef Reinehr T, Hinney A, de Sousa G, Austrup F, Hebebrand J, Andler W: Definable somatic disorders in overweight children and adolescents. J Pediatrics. 2007, 150: 618-622. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.01.042.CrossRef

go back to reference Hinney A, Nguyen TT, Scherag A, Friedel S, Brönner G, Müller TD, Grallert H, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Rief W, Schäfer H, Hebebrand J: Genome Wide Association (GWA) Study for early onset extreme obesity supports the role of Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO) variants. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2 (12): e1361-10.1371/journal.pone.0001361.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hinney A, Nguyen TT, Scherag A, Friedel S, Brönner G, Müller TD, Grallert H, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Rief W, Schäfer H, Hebebrand J: Genome Wide Association (GWA) Study for early onset extreme obesity supports the role of Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO) variants. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2 (12): e1361-10.1371/journal.pone.0001361.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Wichmann HE, Gieger C, Illig T, MONICA/KORA Study Group: KORA-gen-resource for population genetics, controls and a broad spectrum of disease phenotypes. Gesundheitswesen. 2005, 67 (Suppl 1): S26-S30.CrossRefPubMed Wichmann HE, Gieger C, Illig T, MONICA/KORA Study Group: KORA-gen-resource for population genetics, controls and a broad spectrum of disease phenotypes. Gesundheitswesen. 2005, 67 (Suppl 1): S26-S30.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Ye S, Dhillon S, Ke X, Collins AR, Day IN: An efficient procedure for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29: E88-8. 10.1093/nar/29.17.e88.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ye S, Dhillon S, Ke X, Collins AR, Day IN: An efficient procedure for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29: E88-8. 10.1093/nar/29.17.e88.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference The New GENSCAN Web Server at MIT. [http://genes.mit.edu/GENSCAN.html] The New GENSCAN Web Server at MIT. [http://​genes.​mit.​edu/​GENSCAN.​html]

go back to reference Fast SNP: A Functional Analysis and Selection Tool for SNP in Large Scale Association Study. [http://fastsnp.ibms.sinica.edu.tw/pages/input_CandidateGeneSearch.jsp] Fast SNP: A Functional Analysis and Selection Tool for SNP in Large Scale Association Study. [http://​fastsnp.​ibms.​sinica.​edu.​tw/​pages/​input_​CandidateGeneSea​rch.​jsp]

go back to reference Becker T, Knapp M: A powerful strategy to account for multiple testing in the context of haplotype analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 2004, 75: 561-70. 10.1086/424390.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Becker T, Knapp M: A powerful strategy to account for multiple testing in the context of haplotype analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 2004, 75: 561-70. 10.1086/424390.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Dudbridge F: Likelihood-based association analysis for nuclear families and unrelated subjects with missing genotype data. Hum Hered. 2008, 66 (2): 87-98. 10.1159/000119108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dudbridge F: Likelihood-based association analysis for nuclear families and unrelated subjects with missing genotype data. Hum Hered. 2008, 66 (2): 87-98. 10.1159/000119108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Gene X Environment, Gene X Gene Interaction Homepage. [http://hydra.usc.edu/gxe] Gene X Environment, Gene X Gene Interaction Homepage. [http://​hydra.​usc.​edu/​gxe]

go back to reference International HapMap Project. [http://www.hapmap.org] International HapMap Project. [http://​www.​hapmap.​org]

go back to reference Broad Institute. [http://www.broad.mit.edu/mpg/haploview/index.php] Broad Institute. [http://​www.​broad.​mit.​edu/​mpg/​haploview/​index.​php]

go back to reference Antonini SR, N'Diaye N, Baldacchino V, Hamet P, Tremblay J, Lacroix A: Analysis of the putative regulatory region of the gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor gene in food-dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004, 91: 171-177. 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.120.CrossRefPubMed Antonini SR, N'Diaye N, Baldacchino V, Hamet P, Tremblay J, Lacroix A: Analysis of the putative regulatory region of the gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor gene in food-dependent Cushing's syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004, 91: 171-177. 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.03.120.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Baldacchino V, Oble S, Décarie PO, Bourdeau I, Hamet P, Tremblay J, Lacroix A: The Sp transcription factors are involved in the cellular expression of the human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor gene and overexpressed in adrenals of patients with Cushing's syndrome. J Mol Endocrinol. 2005, 35: 61-71. 10.1677/jme.1.01765.CrossRefPubMed Baldacchino V, Oble S, Décarie PO, Bourdeau I, Hamet P, Tremblay J, Lacroix A: The Sp transcription factors are involved in the cellular expression of the human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor gene and overexpressed in adrenals of patients with Cushing's syndrome. J Mol Endocrinol. 2005, 35: 61-71. 10.1677/jme.1.01765.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Steffens M, Lamina C, Illig T, Bettecken T, Vogler R, Entz P, Suk EK, Toliat MR, Klopp N, Caliebe A, König IR, Köhler K, Ludemann J, Diaz Lacava A, Fimmers R, Lichtner P, Ziegler A, Wolf A, Krawczak M, Nūrnberg P, Hampe J, Schreiber S, Meitinger T, Wichmann HE, Roeder K, Wienker TF, Baur MP: SNP-based analysis of genetic substructure in the German population. Hum Hered. 2006, 62 (1): 20-9. 10.1159/000095850.CrossRefPubMed Steffens M, Lamina C, Illig T, Bettecken T, Vogler R, Entz P, Suk EK, Toliat MR, Klopp N, Caliebe A, König IR, Köhler K, Ludemann J, Diaz Lacava A, Fimmers R, Lichtner P, Ziegler A, Wolf A, Krawczak M, Nūrnberg P, Hampe J, Schreiber S, Meitinger T, Wichmann HE, Roeder K, Wienker TF, Baur MP: SNP-based analysis of genetic substructure in the German population. Hum Hered. 2006, 62 (1): 20-9. 10.1159/000095850.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Almind K, Ambye L, Urhammer SA, Hansen T, Echwald SM, Holst JJ, Gromada J, Thorens B, Pedersen O: Discovery of amino acid variants in the human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor: the impact on the pancreatic beta cells responses and functional expression studies in Chinese hamster fibroblast cells. Diabetologia. 1998, 41: 1194-1198. 10.1007/s001250051051.CrossRefPubMed Almind K, Ambye L, Urhammer SA, Hansen T, Echwald SM, Holst JJ, Gromada J, Thorens B, Pedersen O: Discovery of amino acid variants in the human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor: the impact on the pancreatic beta cells responses and functional expression studies in Chinese hamster fibroblast cells. Diabetologia. 1998, 41: 1194-1198. 10.1007/s001250051051.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Kubota A, Yamada Y, Hayami T, Yasuda K, Someya Y, Ihara Y, Kagimoto S, Watanabe R, Taminato T, Tsuda K, Seino Y: Identification of two missense mutations in the GIP receptor gene: a functional study and association analysis with NIDDM: no evidence of association with Japanese NIDDM subjects. Diabetes. 1996, 45 (12): 1701-1705. 10.2337/diabetes.45.12.1701.CrossRefPubMed Kubota A, Yamada Y, Hayami T, Yasuda K, Someya Y, Ihara Y, Kagimoto S, Watanabe R, Taminato T, Tsuda K, Seino Y: Identification of two missense mutations in the GIP receptor gene: a functional study and association analysis with NIDDM: no evidence of association with Japanese NIDDM subjects. Diabetes. 1996, 45 (12): 1701-1705. 10.2337/diabetes.45.12.1701.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortitum: Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common disease and 3,000 shared controls. Nature. 2007, 447 (7145): 661-678. 10.1038/nature05911.CrossRef The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortitum: Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common disease and 3,000 shared controls. Nature. 2007, 447 (7145): 661-678. 10.1038/nature05911.CrossRef

go back to reference Meisinger C, Heier M, Völzke H, Löwel H, Mitusch R, Hense HW, Lüdemann J: Regional disparities of hypertension prevalence and management within Germany. Journal of Hypertension. 2006, 24 (2): 293-299. 10.1097/01.hjh.0000200508.10324.8e.CrossRefPubMed Meisinger C, Heier M, Völzke H, Löwel H, Mitusch R, Hense HW, Lüdemann J: Regional disparities of hypertension prevalence and management within Germany. Journal of Hypertension. 2006, 24 (2): 293-299. 10.1097/01.hjh.0000200508.10324.8e.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Völzke H, Neuhauser H, Moebus S, Baumert J, Berger K, Stang A, Ellert U, Werner A, Döring A: Rauchen: regionale Unterschied in Deutschland. Deutsches Ärzteblatt. 2006, 103 (42): A2784-A2790. Völzke H, Neuhauser H, Moebus S, Baumert J, Berger K, Stang A, Ellert U, Werner A, Döring A: Rauchen: regionale Unterschied in Deutschland. Deutsches Ärzteblatt. 2006, 103 (42): A2784-A2790.

go back to reference Meyre D, Delplanque J, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Lobbens S, Gallina S, Durand E, Vatin V, Degraeve F, Proença C, Gaget S, Körner A, Kovacs P, Kiess W, Tichet J, Marre M, Hartikainen AL, Horber F, Potoczna N, Hercberg S, Levy-Marchal C, Pattou F, Heude B, Tauber M, McCarthy MI, Blakemore AIF, Montpetit A, Polychronakos C, Weill J, Coin LJM, Asher J, Elliott P, Järvelin MR, Visvikis-Siest S, Balkau B, Sladek R, Balding D, Walley A, Dina C, Froguel P: Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. Nat Genet. 2009 Meyre D, Delplanque J, Chèvre JC, Lecoeur C, Lobbens S, Gallina S, Durand E, Vatin V, Degraeve F, Proença C, Gaget S, Körner A, Kovacs P, Kiess W, Tichet J, Marre M, Hartikainen AL, Horber F, Potoczna N, Hercberg S, Levy-Marchal C, Pattou F, Heude B, Tauber M, McCarthy MI, Blakemore AIF, Montpetit A, Polychronakos C, Weill J, Coin LJM, Asher J, Elliott P, Järvelin MR, Visvikis-Siest S, Balkau B, Sladek R, Balding D, Walley A, Dina C, Froguel P: Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations. Nat Genet. 2009

go back to reference Willer CJ, Speliotes EK, Loos RJ, Li S, Lindgren CM, Heid IM, Berndt SI, Elliott AL, Jackson AU, Lamina C, Lettre G, Lim N, Lyon HN, McCarroll SA, Papadakis K, Qi L, Randall JC, Roccasecca RM, Sanna S, Scheet P, Weedon MN, Wheeler E, Zhao JH, Jacobs LC, Prokopenko I, Soranzo N, Tanaka T, Timpson NJ, Almgren P, Bennett A, Bergman RN, Bingham SA, Bonnycastle LL, Brown M, Burtt NP, Chines P, Coin L, Collins FS, Connell JM, Cooper C, Smith GD, Dennison EM, Deodhar P, Elliott P, Erdos MR, Estrada K, Evans DM, Gianniny L, Gieger C, Gillson CJ, Guiducci C, Hackett R, Hadley D, Hall AS, Havulinna AS, Hebebrand J, Hofman A, Isomaa B, Jacobs KB, Johnson T, Jousilahti P, Jovanovic Z, Khaw KT, Kraft P, Kuokkanen M, Kuusisto J, Laitinen J, Lakatta EG, Luan J, Luben RN, Mangino M, McArdle WL, Meitinger T, Mulas A, Munroe PB, Narisu N, Ness AR, Northstone K, O'Rahilly S, Purmann C, Rees MG, Ridderstråle M, Ring SM, Rivadeneira F, Ruokonen A, Sandhu MS, Saramies J, Scott LJ, Scuteri A, Silander K, Sims MA, Song K, Stephens J, Stevens S, Stringham HM, Tung YC, Valle TT, Van Duijn CM, Vimaleswaran KS, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Wallace C, Watanabe RM, Waterworth DM, Watkins N, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Witteman JC, Zeggini E, Zhai G, Zillikens MC, Altshuler D, Caulfield MJ, Chanock SJ, Farooqi IS, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Hattersley AT, Hu FB, Jarvelin MR, Laakso M, Mooser V, Ong KK, Ouwehand WH, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Spector TD, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Uda M, Uitterlinden AG, Wareham NJ, Deloukas P, Frayling TM, Groop LC, Hayes RB, Hunter DJ, Mohlke KL, Peltonen L, Schlessinger D, Strachan DP, Wichmann HE, McCarthy MI, Boehnke M, Barroso I, Abecasis GR, Hirschhorn JN, Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits Consortium: Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation. Nat Genet. 2009, 41 (1): 25-34. 10.1038/ng.287.CrossRefPubMed Willer CJ, Speliotes EK, Loos RJ, Li S, Lindgren CM, Heid IM, Berndt SI, Elliott AL, Jackson AU, Lamina C, Lettre G, Lim N, Lyon HN, McCarroll SA, Papadakis K, Qi L, Randall JC, Roccasecca RM, Sanna S, Scheet P, Weedon MN, Wheeler E, Zhao JH, Jacobs LC, Prokopenko I, Soranzo N, Tanaka T, Timpson NJ, Almgren P, Bennett A, Bergman RN, Bingham SA, Bonnycastle LL, Brown M, Burtt NP, Chines P, Coin L, Collins FS, Connell JM, Cooper C, Smith GD, Dennison EM, Deodhar P, Elliott P, Erdos MR, Estrada K, Evans DM, Gianniny L, Gieger C, Gillson CJ, Guiducci C, Hackett R, Hadley D, Hall AS, Havulinna AS, Hebebrand J, Hofman A, Isomaa B, Jacobs KB, Johnson T, Jousilahti P, Jovanovic Z, Khaw KT, Kraft P, Kuokkanen M, Kuusisto J, Laitinen J, Lakatta EG, Luan J, Luben RN, Mangino M, McArdle WL, Meitinger T, Mulas A, Munroe PB, Narisu N, Ness AR, Northstone K, O'Rahilly S, Purmann C, Rees MG, Ridderstråle M, Ring SM, Rivadeneira F, Ruokonen A, Sandhu MS, Saramies J, Scott LJ, Scuteri A, Silander K, Sims MA, Song K, Stephens J, Stevens S, Stringham HM, Tung YC, Valle TT, Van Duijn CM, Vimaleswaran KS, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Wallace C, Watanabe RM, Waterworth DM, Watkins N, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Witteman JC, Zeggini E, Zhai G, Zillikens MC, Altshuler D, Caulfield MJ, Chanock SJ, Farooqi IS, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Hattersley AT, Hu FB, Jarvelin MR, Laakso M, Mooser V, Ong KK, Ouwehand WH, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Spector TD, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Uda M, Uitterlinden AG, Wareham NJ, Deloukas P, Frayling TM, Groop LC, Hayes RB, Hunter DJ, Mohlke KL, Peltonen L, Schlessinger D, Strachan DP, Wichmann HE, McCarthy MI, Boehnke M, Barroso I, Abecasis GR, Hirschhorn JN, Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits Consortium: Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation. Nat Genet. 2009, 41 (1): 25-34. 10.1038/ng.287.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Scuteri A, Sanna S, Chen WM, Uda M, Albai G, Strait J, Najjar S, Nagaraja R, Orrú M, Usala G, Dei M, Lai S, Maschio A, Busonero F, Mulas A, Ehret GB, Fink AA, Weder AB, Cooper RS, Galan P, Chakravarti A, Schlessinger D, Cao A, Lakatta E, Abecasis GR: Genome-Wide association scan shows genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with obesity-related traits. PLoS Genet. 2007, 3: e115-10.1371/journal.pgen.0030115.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Scuteri A, Sanna S, Chen WM, Uda M, Albai G, Strait J, Najjar S, Nagaraja R, Orrú M, Usala G, Dei M, Lai S, Maschio A, Busonero F, Mulas A, Ehret GB, Fink AA, Weder AB, Cooper RS, Galan P, Chakravarti A, Schlessinger D, Cao A, Lakatta E, Abecasis GR: Genome-Wide association scan shows genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with obesity-related traits. PLoS Genet. 2007, 3: e115-10.1371/journal.pgen.0030115.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Herbert A, Gerry NP, McQueen MB, Heid IM, Pfeufer A, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Meitinger T, Hunter D, Hu FB, Colditz G, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Koberwitz K, Zhu X, Cooper R, Ardlie K, Lyon H, Hirschhorn JN, Laird NM, Lenburg ME, Lange C, Christman MF: A Common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity. Science. 2006, 312: 279-283. 10.1126/science.1124779.CrossRefPubMed Herbert A, Gerry NP, McQueen MB, Heid IM, Pfeufer A, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Meitinger T, Hunter D, Hu FB, Colditz G, Hinney A, Hebebrand J, Koberwitz K, Zhu X, Cooper R, Ardlie K, Lyon H, Hirschhorn JN, Laird NM, Lenburg ME, Lange C, Christman MF: A Common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity. Science. 2006, 312: 279-283. 10.1126/science.1124779.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Thorleifsson G, Walters GB, Gudbjartsson DF, Steinthorsdottir V, Sulem P, Helgadottir A, Styrkarsdottir U, Gretarsdottir S, Thorlacius S, Jonsdottir I, Jonsdottir T, Olafsdottir EJ, Olafsdottir GH, Jonsson T, Jonsson F, Borch-Johnsen K, Hansen T, Andersen G, Jorgensen T, Lauritzen T, Aben KK, Verbeek AL, Roeleveld N, Kampman E, Yanek LR, Becker LC, Tryggvadottir L, Rafnar T, Becker DM, Gulcher J, Kiemeney LA, Pedersen O, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K: Genome-wide association yields new sequence variants at seven loci that associate with measures of obesity. Nat Genet. 2009, 41 (1): 18-24. 10.1038/ng.274.CrossRefPubMed Thorleifsson G, Walters GB, Gudbjartsson DF, Steinthorsdottir V, Sulem P, Helgadottir A, Styrkarsdottir U, Gretarsdottir S, Thorlacius S, Jonsdottir I, Jonsdottir T, Olafsdottir EJ, Olafsdottir GH, Jonsson T, Jonsson F, Borch-Johnsen K, Hansen T, Andersen G, Jorgensen T, Lauritzen T, Aben KK, Verbeek AL, Roeleveld N, Kampman E, Yanek LR, Becker LC, Tryggvadottir L, Rafnar T, Becker DM, Gulcher J, Kiemeney LA, Pedersen O, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K: Genome-wide association yields new sequence variants at seven loci that associate with measures of obesity. Nat Genet. 2009, 41 (1): 18-24. 10.1038/ng.274.CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Frayling TM, Timpson NJ, Weedon MN, Zeggini E, Freathy RM, Lindgren CM, Perry JRB, Elliott KS, Lango H, Rayner NW, Shields B, Harries LW, Barett JC, Ellard S, Groves CJ, Knight B, Patch AM, Ness AR, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Ring SM, Ben-Shlomo Y, Jarvelin MR, Sovio U, Bennet AJ, Melzer D, Ferrucci L, Loos RJF, Barroso I, Wareham NJ, Karpe F, Owen KR, Cardon LR, Walker M, Hitman GA, Palmer CAN, Doney ASF, Morris AD, Davey-Smith G, The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Hattersley AT, McCarthy MI: A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science. 2007, 316: 889-894. 10.1126/science.1141634.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Frayling TM, Timpson NJ, Weedon MN, Zeggini E, Freathy RM, Lindgren CM, Perry JRB, Elliott KS, Lango H, Rayner NW, Shields B, Harries LW, Barett JC, Ellard S, Groves CJ, Knight B, Patch AM, Ness AR, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Ring SM, Ben-Shlomo Y, Jarvelin MR, Sovio U, Bennet AJ, Melzer D, Ferrucci L, Loos RJF, Barroso I, Wareham NJ, Karpe F, Owen KR, Cardon LR, Walker M, Hitman GA, Palmer CAN, Doney ASF, Morris AD, Davey-Smith G, The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Hattersley AT, McCarthy MI: A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science. 2007, 316: 889-894. 10.1126/science.1141634.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral