Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Medical Research Methodology 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Commentary

The case study approach

Authors: Sarah Crowe, Kathrin Cresswell, Ann Robertson, Guro Huby, Anthony Avery, Aziz Sheikh

Published in: BMC Medical Research Methodology | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

The case study approach allows in-depth, multi-faceted explorations of complex issues in their real-life settings. The value of the case study approach is well recognised in the fields of business, law and policy, but somewhat less so in health services research. Based on our experiences of conducting several health-related case studies, we reflect on the different types of case study design, the specific research questions this approach can help answer, the data sources that tend to be used, and the particular advantages and disadvantages of employing this methodological approach. The paper concludes with key pointers to aid those designing and appraising proposals for conducting case study research, and a checklist to help readers assess the quality of case study reports.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Yin RK: Case study research, design and method. 2009, London: Sage Publications Ltd., 4 Yin RK: Case study research, design and method. 2009, London: Sage Publications Ltd., 4
3.
go back to reference Sheikh A, Halani L, Bhopal R, Netuveli G, Partridge M, Car J, et al: Facilitating the Recruitment of Minority Ethnic People into Research: Qualitative Case Study of South Asians and Asthma. PLoS Med. 2009, 6 (10): 1-11.CrossRef Sheikh A, Halani L, Bhopal R, Netuveli G, Partridge M, Car J, et al: Facilitating the Recruitment of Minority Ethnic People into Research: Qualitative Case Study of South Asians and Asthma. PLoS Med. 2009, 6 (10): 1-11.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Pinnock H, Huby G, Powell A, Kielmann T, Price D, Williams S, et al: The process of planning, development and implementation of a General Practitioner with a Special Interest service in Primary Care Organisations in England and Wales: a comparative prospective case study. Report for the National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation R&D (NCCSDO). 2008, [http://www.sdo.nihr.ac.uk/files/project/99-final-report.pdf] Pinnock H, Huby G, Powell A, Kielmann T, Price D, Williams S, et al: The process of planning, development and implementation of a General Practitioner with a Special Interest service in Primary Care Organisations in England and Wales: a comparative prospective case study. Report for the National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation R&D (NCCSDO). 2008, [http://​www.​sdo.​nihr.​ac.​uk/​files/​project/​99-final-report.​pdf]
5.
go back to reference Robertson A, Cresswell K, Takian A, Petrakaki D, Crowe S, Cornford T, et al: Prospective evaluation of the implementation and adoption of NHS Connecting for Health's national electronic health record in secondary care in England: interim findings. BMJ. 2010, 41: c4564-CrossRef Robertson A, Cresswell K, Takian A, Petrakaki D, Crowe S, Cornford T, et al: Prospective evaluation of the implementation and adoption of NHS Connecting for Health's national electronic health record in secondary care in England: interim findings. BMJ. 2010, 41: c4564-CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Pearson P, Steven A, Howe A, Sheikh A, Ashcroft D, Smith P, the Patient Safety Education Study Group: Learning about patient safety: organisational context and culture in the education of healthcare professionals. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2010, 15: 4-10. 10.1258/jhsrp.2009.009052.CrossRefPubMed Pearson P, Steven A, Howe A, Sheikh A, Ashcroft D, Smith P, the Patient Safety Education Study Group: Learning about patient safety: organisational context and culture in the education of healthcare professionals. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2010, 15: 4-10. 10.1258/jhsrp.2009.009052.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference van Harten WH, Casparie TF, Fisscher OA: The evaluation of the introduction of a quality management system: a process-oriented case study in a large rehabilitation hospital. Health Policy. 2002, 60 (1): 17-37. 10.1016/S0168-8510(01)00187-7.CrossRefPubMed van Harten WH, Casparie TF, Fisscher OA: The evaluation of the introduction of a quality management system: a process-oriented case study in a large rehabilitation hospital. Health Policy. 2002, 60 (1): 17-37. 10.1016/S0168-8510(01)00187-7.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Stake RE: The art of case study research. 1995, London: Sage Publications Ltd. Stake RE: The art of case study research. 1995, London: Sage Publications Ltd.
9.
go back to reference Sheikh A, Smeeth L, Ashcroft R: Randomised controlled trials in primary care: scope and application. Br J Gen Pract. 2002, 52 (482): 746-51.PubMedPubMedCentral Sheikh A, Smeeth L, Ashcroft R: Randomised controlled trials in primary care: scope and application. Br J Gen Pract. 2002, 52 (482): 746-51.PubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference King G, Keohane R, Verba S: Designing Social Inquiry. 1996, Princeton: Princeton University Press King G, Keohane R, Verba S: Designing Social Inquiry. 1996, Princeton: Princeton University Press
11.
go back to reference Doolin B: Information technology as disciplinary technology: being critical in interpretative research on information systems. Journal of Information Technology. 1998, 13: 301-311. 10.1057/jit.1998.8.CrossRef Doolin B: Information technology as disciplinary technology: being critical in interpretative research on information systems. Journal of Information Technology. 1998, 13: 301-311. 10.1057/jit.1998.8.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference George AL, Bennett A: Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. 2005, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press George AL, Bennett A: Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. 2005, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
13.
go back to reference Eccles M, the Improved Clinical Effectiveness through Behavioural Research Group (ICEBeRG): Designing theoretically-informed implementation interventions. Implementation Science. 2006, 1: 1-8. 10.1186/1748-5908-1-1.CrossRefPubMedCentral Eccles M, the Improved Clinical Effectiveness through Behavioural Research Group (ICEBeRG): Designing theoretically-informed implementation interventions. Implementation Science. 2006, 1: 1-8. 10.1186/1748-5908-1-1.CrossRefPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Netuveli G, Hurwitz B, Levy M, Fletcher M, Barnes G, Durham SR, Sheikh A: Ethnic variations in UK asthma frequency, morbidity, and health-service use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2005, 365 (9456): 312-7.CrossRefPubMed Netuveli G, Hurwitz B, Levy M, Fletcher M, Barnes G, Durham SR, Sheikh A: Ethnic variations in UK asthma frequency, morbidity, and health-service use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2005, 365 (9456): 312-7.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Sheikh A, Panesar SS, Lasserson T, Netuveli G: Recruitment of ethnic minorities to asthma studies. Thorax. 2004, 59 (7): 634-PubMedPubMedCentral Sheikh A, Panesar SS, Lasserson T, Netuveli G: Recruitment of ethnic minorities to asthma studies. Thorax. 2004, 59 (7): 634-PubMedPubMedCentral
16.
go back to reference Hellström I, Nolan M, Lundh U: 'We do things together': A case study of 'couplehood' in dementia. Dementia. 2005, 4: 7-22. 10.1177/1471301205049188.CrossRef Hellström I, Nolan M, Lundh U: 'We do things together': A case study of 'couplehood' in dementia. Dementia. 2005, 4: 7-22. 10.1177/1471301205049188.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Som CV: Nothing seems to have changed, nothing seems to be changing and perhaps nothing will change in the NHS: doctors' response to clinical governance. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 2005, 18: 463-477. 10.1108/09513550510608903.CrossRef Som CV: Nothing seems to have changed, nothing seems to be changing and perhaps nothing will change in the NHS: doctors' response to clinical governance. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 2005, 18: 463-477. 10.1108/09513550510608903.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Lincoln Y, Guba E: Naturalistic inquiry. 1985, Newbury Park: Sage Publications Lincoln Y, Guba E: Naturalistic inquiry. 1985, Newbury Park: Sage Publications
19.
go back to reference Barbour RS: Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: a case of the tail wagging the dog?. BMJ. 2001, 322: 1115-1117. 10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1115.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Barbour RS: Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: a case of the tail wagging the dog?. BMJ. 2001, 322: 1115-1117. 10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1115.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
21.
go back to reference Mason J: Qualitative researching. 2002, London: Sage Mason J: Qualitative researching. 2002, London: Sage
22.
go back to reference Brazier A, Cooke K, Moravan V: Using Mixed Methods for Evaluating an Integrative Approach to Cancer Care: A Case Study. Integr Cancer Ther. 2008, 7: 5-17. 10.1177/1534735407313395.CrossRefPubMed Brazier A, Cooke K, Moravan V: Using Mixed Methods for Evaluating an Integrative Approach to Cancer Care: A Case Study. Integr Cancer Ther. 2008, 7: 5-17. 10.1177/1534735407313395.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Miles MB, Huberman M: Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. 1994, CA: Sage Publications Inc., 2 Miles MB, Huberman M: Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. 1994, CA: Sage Publications Inc., 2
24.
25.
go back to reference Cresswell KM, Worth A, Sheikh A: Actor-Network Theory and its role in understanding the implementation of information technology developments in healthcare. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2010, 10 (1): 67-10.1186/1472-6947-10-67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cresswell KM, Worth A, Sheikh A: Actor-Network Theory and its role in understanding the implementation of information technology developments in healthcare. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2010, 10 (1): 67-10.1186/1472-6947-10-67.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Malterud K: Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines. Lancet. 2001, 358: 483-488. 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05627-6.CrossRefPubMed Malterud K: Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines. Lancet. 2001, 358: 483-488. 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05627-6.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Yin R: Case study research: design and methods. 1994, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing, 2 Yin R: Case study research: design and methods. 1994, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing, 2
28.
29.
go back to reference Green J, Thorogood N: Qualitative methods for health research. 2009, Los Angeles: Sage, 2 Green J, Thorogood N: Qualitative methods for health research. 2009, Los Angeles: Sage, 2
30.
go back to reference Howcroft D, Trauth E: Handbook of Critical Information Systems Research, Theory and Application. 2005, Cheltenham, UK: Northampton, MA, USA: Edward ElgarCrossRef Howcroft D, Trauth E: Handbook of Critical Information Systems Research, Theory and Application. 2005, Cheltenham, UK: Northampton, MA, USA: Edward ElgarCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Blakie N: Approaches to Social Enquiry. 1993, Cambridge: Polity Press Blakie N: Approaches to Social Enquiry. 1993, Cambridge: Polity Press
32.
go back to reference Doolin B: Power and resistance in the implementation of a medical management information system. Info Systems J. 2004, 14: 343-362. 10.1111/j.1365-2575.2004.00176.x.CrossRef Doolin B: Power and resistance in the implementation of a medical management information system. Info Systems J. 2004, 14: 343-362. 10.1111/j.1365-2575.2004.00176.x.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Bloomfield BP, Best A: Management consultants: systems development, power and the translation of problems. Sociological Review. 1992, 40: 533-560.CrossRef Bloomfield BP, Best A: Management consultants: systems development, power and the translation of problems. Sociological Review. 1992, 40: 533-560.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Shanks G, Parr A: Positivist, single case study research in information systems: A critical analysis. Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems. 2003, Naples Shanks G, Parr A: Positivist, single case study research in information systems: A critical analysis. Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems. 2003, Naples
Metadata
Title
The case study approach
Authors
Sarah Crowe
Kathrin Cresswell
Ann Robertson
Guro Huby
Anthony Avery
Aziz Sheikh
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Medical Research Methodology / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2288
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-100

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

BMC Medical Research Methodology 1/2011 Go to the issue